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Microorganisms
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Exploring Microbial Dynamics in Oral Health and Disease: Periodontics, Implant...
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Exploring Microbial Dynamics in Oral Health and Disease: Periodontics, Implant Dentistry and Endodontics

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 2768

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Pia Di Palo

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Guest Editor
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy
Interests: implant dentistry; periodontology; oral surgery; oral medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Carlo Rengo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, 84084 Baronissi, Italy
Interests: Implant dentistry; periodontology; oral surgery; bone reconstructive surgery; dental materials
Dr. Antonino Fiorino

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Neurosciences, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: implant dentistry; periodontology; oral surgery; bone reconstructive surgery; dental materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We invite contributions of original research articles, reviews, and perspectives that delve into the complex relationships between microbial communities and oral health. This Special Issue aims to explore topics such as periodontal microbiota, peri-implant microorganisms, microbial contamination in dentistry, the role of oral microbiota in distant site infections and endocarditis, antibiotic prophylaxis in implant surgery, antimicrobial use in periodontics, microorganisms in endodontics, and the connection between periodontal microbiota and systemic inflammation and cancer.

In detail, the following types of papers are welcome to be submitted to this Special Issue: Original research articles investigating the composition, diversity, and dynamics of microbial communities in periodontal diseases, peri-implantitis, and endodontic infections. Reviews summarizing the latest advancements in understanding microbial contamination in dental settings and strategies for infection control and prevention. Studies exploring the role of oral microbiota in systemic infections, including endocarditis, and the mechanisms underlying microbial dissemination from the oral cavity to distant sites. Perspectives on the appropriate use of antibiotics and antimicrobial agents in implant surgery, periodontics, and endodontic therapy, with a focus on optimizing patient outcomes while minimizing antimicrobial resistance. Investigations into the potential link between periodontal microbiota, chronic inflammation, and the development of systemic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and cancer. Finally, clinical studies evaluating the efficacy of antimicrobial therapies and adjunctive treatments in managing periodontal and peri-implant diseases.

Dr. Maria Pia Di Palo
Dr. Carlo Rengo
Dr. Antonino Fiorino
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • periodontal microbiota
  • peri-implant microorganisms
  • microbial contamination in dentistry
  • oral microbiota in distant site infections and endocarditis
  • antibiotic prophylaxis in implant surgery
  • antimicrobial use in periodontics and implant dentistry
  • microorganisms in endodontics
  • periodontal microbiota and systemic inflammation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 399 KiB  
Article
Interleukin-6 Receptor Gene rs1800795 Polymorphism and Expression of Interleukin-6 in Gingival Tissue in Patients with Periodontitis
by Małgorzata Mazurek-Mochol, Tobias Bonsmann, Damian Malinowski, Karol Serwin, Michał Czerewaty, Krzysztof Safranow and Andrzej Pawlik
Microorganisms 2024, 12(10), 1954; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12101954 - 27 Sep 2024
Viewed by 488
Abstract
Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease. This chronic periodontal disease is caused by a bacterial infection in the gums, which triggers a host inflammatory response. To eliminate the bacterial infection, immune response mechanisms are activated, leading to inflammation and damage to the periodontal [...] Read more.
Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease. This chronic periodontal disease is caused by a bacterial infection in the gums, which triggers a host inflammatory response. To eliminate the bacterial infection, immune response mechanisms are activated, leading to inflammation and damage to the periodontal tissues. This process involves many cytokines, including IL-6, a cytokine with antibacterial properties. An ongoing bacterial infection in the periodontal tissues leads to its excessive production, which increases inflammation. In this study, we examined IL-6 receptor gene rs1800795 polymorphism in patients with periodontitis in comparison with healthy subjects, as well as the correlation between rs1800795 genotypes and clinical parameters. Additionally we examined the expression of IL-6 in gingival tissue in patients with periodontitis and control subjects, as well as the correlation between gingival expression of IL-6 and clinical parameters. This study included 200 patients with periodontitis and 158 healthy subjects as the control group. Biopsy specimens of gingival tissue in which IL-6 expression was detected were taken from 14 patients with periodontitis and 8 controls who had undergone minor surgery. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of IL-6 rs1800795 genotypes and alleles between patients with periodontitis and control subjects. There were also no statistically significant correlations between IL-6 rs1800795 genotypes and clinical parameters in patients with periodontitis. There were no differences in IL-6 expression in the gingival tissue between patients with periodontitis and controls. There was also no correlation between IL-6 expression in the gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis and clinical parameters. In the control group, IL-6 expression in gingival tissue correlated negatively with the approximal plaque index, which reflects the size of bacterial plaques. The results of our study suggest a protective role for IL-6 against bacterial growth in the periodontal tissue. However, it should be noted that several parameters directly or indirectly affect the accumulation of bacterial plaque. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Microbial Dynamics in Oral Health and Disease: Periodontics, Implant Dentistry and Endodontics)
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Review

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14 pages, 600 KiB  
Review
Correlation between Periodontitis and Gastritis Induced by Helicobacter pylori: A Comprehensive Review
by Martina Maurotto, Liliana Gavinha Costa, Maria Conceição Manso, Grace Anne Mosley, Juliana Campos Hasse Fernandes, Gustavo Vicentis Oliveira Fernandes and Filipe Castro
Microorganisms 2024, 12(8), 1579; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12081579 - 2 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 977
Abstract
The goal of this comprehensive review was to verify if the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) bacteria in patients with dyspepsia is higher in the oral cavity of periodontal or non-periodontal patients. The bibliographic search was conducted on scientific studies published [...] Read more.
The goal of this comprehensive review was to verify if the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) bacteria in patients with dyspepsia is higher in the oral cavity of periodontal or non-periodontal patients. The bibliographic search was conducted on scientific studies published in PubMed, Cochrane Library, SciELO, and BVS. The focus question was: “In patients with dyspepsia and periodontitis, is the prevalence of Hp bacteria in the oral cavity higher than in patients with only dyspepsia or without any disease?” The inclusion criteria were human studies in English, Portuguese, or Spanish languages, published between 2000 and 2022, that included patients over the age of 18 and aimed to evaluate the presence of Hp bacteria in the oral cavity and in the protective mucosal layer of the gastric lining of patients with the diseases (periodontitis and dyspepsia) or without disease; clinical trials, randomized controlled clinical trials, comparative studies, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies, and cohort studies. The methodological quality evaluation of the included articles was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The final scores could be of “Low” quality (at least two “no” [red] or ≥ five “unclear” found), “Moderate” quality (one “no” [red] was found or up to four “unclear” criteria were met), or “High” quality (all green [yes] or at maximum two “unclear”). Of 155 potentially eligible articles, 10 were included in this comprehensive review after the application of the eligibility criteria. The selected studies were scrutinized regarding the relationship between Hp colonization in the oral cavity and stomach, its impact on severity and complications of gastric infection, as well as the effect of the presence of oral and gastric Hp on dental and systemic parameters. Hp can colonize periodontal pockets regardless of its presence in the stomach. There was a higher prevalence of oral biofilm in dyspeptic patients with periodontal disease, and worse control of bleeding and low oral hygiene was observed in periodontal compared to non-periodontal patients. For que quality assessment, the scientific studies included presented low to moderate methodological quality. Conclusions: It is possible to conclude that Hp is a bacterium that can colonize dental plaque independently of the stomach and vice versa; however, when both diseases are found, its presence may be more significant. Supra and subgingival dental plaque may be a reservoir of Hp, suggesting that patients with gastric infections are more likely to have Hp in the oral cavity. The results must be carefully analyzed due to the limitations present in this review. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Microbial Dynamics in Oral Health and Disease: Periodontics, Implant Dentistry and Endodontics)
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Other

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40 pages, 3306 KiB  
Systematic Review
Peri-Implantitis-Associated Microbiota before and after Peri-Implantitis Treatment, the Biofilm “Competitive Balancing” Effect: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
by Federica Di Spirito, Massimo Pisano, Maria Pia Di Palo, Gianluigi Franci, Antonio Rupe, Antonino Fiorino and Carlo Rengo
Microorganisms 2024, 12(10), 1965; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12101965 - 28 Sep 2024
Viewed by 831
Abstract
This systematic review of RCTs aimed to characterize short- and long-term changes in peri-implantitis-associated microbiota (total biofilm microbial load and predominant pathogens’ counts) following (any) peri-implantitis treatment in systemically healthy, non-smoking, partially/totally edentulous adults. The study protocol, compliant with the PRISMA statement, was [...] Read more.
This systematic review of RCTs aimed to characterize short- and long-term changes in peri-implantitis-associated microbiota (total biofilm microbial load and predominant pathogens’ counts) following (any) peri-implantitis treatment in systemically healthy, non-smoking, partially/totally edentulous adults. The study protocol, compliant with the PRISMA statement, was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024514521) before the literature search. Data from 11 RCTs, assessed through the ROBINS-2 tool, were qualitatively synthesized. No data were retrieved on total edentulism, healthy peri-implant/periodontal sites, treated mucositis, gingivitis, and periodontitis sites. Shortly after treatment, Prevotella intermedia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Peptostreptococcus micros prevailed, indicating early colonization, as after implant placement. After both surgical and non-surgical approaches, although not eradicated, the peri-implant total biofilm load, red- and orange-complex species, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans counts generally decreased for up to about three months. However, one month after treatment, red-complex species and Prevotella intermedia increased, likely due to persistent tissue-invasive bacteria, unresolved pathological conditions (high probing depth values) favoring anaerobiosis and dysbiosis, and a qualitatively and quantitatively decreased biofilm community, competing and balancing the predominant pathogens (biofilm “competitive balancing” effect), thus allowing recolonization by more virulent bacteria. Red-complex bacteria gradually leveled off to baseline at the six- and twelve-month follow-ups. Fusobacterium nucleatum remained almost unchanged after treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exploring Microbial Dynamics in Oral Health and Disease: Periodontics, Implant Dentistry and Endodontics)
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