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Microorganisms
Special Issues
Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Mucormycoses
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Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Mucormycoses

A special issue of Microorganisms (ISSN 2076-2607). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 27814

Special Issue Editors

Prof. George L Petrikkos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
Interests: mycology; mucormycosis; antibiotic resistance; nosocomial infection
Dr. Anna Skiada

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
Interests: mucormycosis; epidemiology; diagnosis; guidelines
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mucormycosis is an emerging invasive fungal infection due to fungi of the order Mucorales. These fungi are ubiquitous in nature, and with the use of newer molecular methods, new species are being discovered at present. Mucormycosis is mainly seen in patients with diabetes mellitus, hematological malignancies, and transplantation, but immunocompetent patients may also be affected as a result of trauma. The incidence of mucormycosis has been increasing in recent decades. This is attributed to the global increase of the prevalence of diabetes and to the increased use of immunosuppressive drugs, such as chemotherapy, treatment for transplantation or in the therapy of autoimmune diseases. As the infection has a high mortality, rapid diagnosis and initiation of multimodal treatment is crucial.

The aim of this Special Issue of Microorganisms is to present a collection of articles that provide an update of the current status of the disease, as well as future perspectives. Manuscripts covering all aspects of research relating to mucormycosis are welcome. These may include taxonomy, emerging species, research in pathogenesis and epidemiology, as well as novel diagnostic methods and treatment modalities.

Prof. George L Petrikkos
Dr. Anna Skiada
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Microorganisms is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Mucorales
  • Rhizopus
  • mucormycosis
  • zygomycosis
  • pathogenesis
  • diagnosis
  • treatment

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1948 KiB  
Article
Mucormycosis in COVID-19 Patients: A Case-Control Study
by Awadh Kishor Pandit, Poorvi Tangri, Shubham Misra, Madakasira Vasantha Padma Srivastava, Sushma Bhatnagar, Alok Thakar, Kapil Sikka, Smriti Panda, Venugopalan Y. Vishnu, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Animesh Das, Divya M. Radhakrishnan, Achal Kumar Srivastava, Rajeshwari Subramaniam, Anjan Trikha, Ayush Agarwal, Roopa Rajan, Vibhor Upadhyay, Sathish Parikipandla, Anup Singh and Arvind Kairoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Microorganisms 2022, 10(6), 1209; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10061209 - 13 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2781
Abstract
(1) Background: During the second wave of COVID-19, India faced a rapid and sudden surge of not only COVID19-delta variant cases but also mucormycosis, making the infection even more fatal. We conducted a study to determine factors associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis [...] Read more.
(1) Background: During the second wave of COVID-19, India faced a rapid and sudden surge of not only COVID19-delta variant cases but also mucormycosis, making the infection even more fatal. We conducted a study to determine factors associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis in patients with COVID-19. (2) Methods: This case–control study comprised 121 patients; 61 cases (mucormycosis with COVID-19) and 60 controls. Patients were included from April 10, 2021 onwards. Follow-up was conducted after about 90 days and health status was recorded based on the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). (3) Results: Mucormycosis with COVID-19 cases had a median (IQR) age of 49 (43–59) years with 65.6% males and were older (95% CI 1.015–1.075; p = 0.002) than in the control group with median (IQR) 38 (29–55.5) years and 66.6% males. Baseline raised serum creatinine (OR = 4.963; 95% CI 1.456–16.911; p = 0.010) and D-dimer (OR = 1.000; 95% CI 1.000–1.001; p = 0.028) were independently associated with the occurrence of mucormycosis in COVID-19 patients. Additionally, diabetes mellitus (OR = 26.919; 95% CI 1.666–434.892; p = 0.020) was associated with poor outcomes and increased mortality in patients with mucormycosis with COVID-19 as per the multivariable analysis. A total of 30/61 mucormycosis patients had intracranial involvement. (4) Conclusions: The study observed elevated levels of baseline raised creatinine and D-dimer in mucormycosis pa-tients with COVID-19 as compared to the control group. However, future studies may be conducted to establish this cause–effect relationship. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Mucormycoses)
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Review

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16 pages, 967 KiB  
Review
Microbiological and Molecular Diagnosis of Mucormycosis: From Old to New
by Nina Lackner, Wilfried Posch and Cornelia Lass-Flörl
Microorganisms 2021, 9(7), 1518; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9071518 - 16 Jul 2021
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 5392
Abstract
Members of the order Mucorales may cause severe invasive fungal infections (mucormycosis) in immune-compromised and otherwise ill patients. Diagnosis of Mucorales infections and discrimination from other filamentous fungi are crucial for correct management. Here, we present an overview of current state-of-the-art mucormycosis diagnoses, [...] Read more.
Members of the order Mucorales may cause severe invasive fungal infections (mucormycosis) in immune-compromised and otherwise ill patients. Diagnosis of Mucorales infections and discrimination from other filamentous fungi are crucial for correct management. Here, we present an overview of current state-of-the-art mucormycosis diagnoses, with a focus on recent developments in the molecular field. Classical diagnostic methods comprise histology/microscopy as well as culture and are still the gold standard. Newer molecular methods are evolving quickly and display great potential in early diagnosis, although standardization is still missing. Among them, quantitative PCR assays with or without melt curve analysis are most widely used to detect fungal DNA in clinical samples. Depending on the respective assay, sequencing of the resulting PCR product can be necessary for genus or even species identification. Further, DNA-based methods include microarrays and PCR-ESI-MS. However, general laboratory standards are still in development, meaning that molecular methods are currently limited to add-on analytics to culture and microscopy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Mucormycoses)
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12 pages, 1832 KiB  
Review
Epidemiology of Mucormycosis in India
by Hariprasath Prakash and Arunaloke Chakrabarti
Microorganisms 2021, 9(3), 523; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030523 - 4 Mar 2021
Cited by 278 | Viewed by 18520
Abstract
Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive disease caused by saprophytic fungi of the order Mucorales. The exact incidence of mucormycosis in India is unknown due to the lack of population-based studies. The estimated prevalence of mucormycosis is around 70 times higher in India than that [...] Read more.
Mucormycosis is an angioinvasive disease caused by saprophytic fungi of the order Mucorales. The exact incidence of mucormycosis in India is unknown due to the lack of population-based studies. The estimated prevalence of mucormycosis is around 70 times higher in India than that in global data. Diabetes mellitus is the most common risk factor, followed by haematological malignancy and solid-organ transplant. Patients with postpulmonary tuberculosis and chronic kidney disease are at additional risk of developing mucormycosis in this country. Trauma is a risk factor for cutaneous mucormycosis. Isolated renal mucormycosis in an immunocompetent host is a unique entity in India. Though Rhizopus arrhizus is the most common etiological agent of mucormycosis in this country, infections due to Rhizopus microsporus, Rhizopus homothallicus, and Apophysomyces variabilis are rising. Occasionally, Saksenaea erythrospora, Mucor irregularis, and Thamnostylum lucknowense are isolated. Though awareness of the disease has increased among treating physicians, disease-associated morbidity and mortality are still high, as patients seek medical attention late in the disease process and given the low affordability for therapy. In conclusion, the rise in the number of cases, the emergence of new risk factors and causative agents, and the challenges in managing the disease are important concerns with mucormycosis in India. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Future Perspectives on Mucormycoses)
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