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Minerals
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Mineral and Geochemical Composition of Lake Sediments
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Mineral and Geochemical Composition of Lake Sediments

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2020) | Viewed by 19184

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Dmitry Subetto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Geography, Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Lake-bottom sediments are excellent geological archives, where temporal and spatial climate and environmental changes have been recorded. Lakes and their sediments record integrated regional and local climate and environmental signals with a resolution from thousands and hundreds of years to a year. Geochemical and mineralogical proxies from lake sediment records provide information about natural and anthropogenic, biotic, and abiotic processes occurring in the catchment and in the lake itself. In recent years, interest in palaeolimnological studies has grown significantly, which is primarily due to the problem of global climate change, especially in high latitudes. This Special Issue of the Minerals will be focused on new results in the geological, mineralogical, and geochemical studies of sediments from lakes of different geological genesis and different morphometric characteristics, located in various climate zones and landscapes. We invite colleagues who are professionally engaged in the study of lake-bottom sediments, their lithological, geochemical, and mineralogical structure, the investigation of diagenetic, post-sedimentation processes, to participate in the preparation of this Special Issue of Minerals “Mineral and Geochemical Composition of Lake Sediments”.

Prof. Dr. Dmitry Subetto
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • lake
  • sediments
  • paleolimnology
  • geochemistry
  • mineralogy
  • proxy records
  • climate
  • sedimentary environments
  • spatial and temporal changes

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

20 pages, 12434 KiB  
Article
Structure of Late Pleistocene and Holocene Sediments in the Petrozavodsk Bay, Lake Onego (NW Russia)
by Dmitry Subetto, Alexandr Rybalko, Vera Strakhovenko, Natalia Belkina, Mikhail Tokarev, Maksim Potakhin, Mikhail Aleshin, Pavel Belyaev, Nathalie Dubois, Vladislav Kuznetzov, Dmitry Korost, Andrei Loktev, Natalia Shalaeva, Alexandra Kiskina, Natalia Kostromina, Yuriy Kublitskiy and Alexander Orlov
Minerals 2020, 10(11), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10110964 - 28 Oct 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3097
Abstract
Here, we present new results from seismic, geological, and geochemical studies conducted in 2015–2019 in the Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onego, NW Russia. The aims of these investigations were to (i) to characterize the structure of Quaternary deposits and (ii) provide new evidence [...] Read more.
Here, we present new results from seismic, geological, and geochemical studies conducted in 2015–2019 in the Petrozavodsk Bay of Lake Onego, NW Russia. The aims of these investigations were to (i) to characterize the structure of Quaternary deposits and (ii) provide new evidence of modern geodynamic movements and gas-seepage in Holocene sediments. The structure of the recovered deposits was composed of lacustrine mud, silt and sands from the Holocene, limno-glacial clays (varved clays) from the Late Glacial–Interglacial Transition, and glacial deposits (till) from the Late Pleistocene. The thickness of these deposits varied in different parts of the bay. Many pockmarks created by gases escaping and reaching sediment-water interface were observed in these deposits. Such pockmarks can play a significant role in the geochemical and biological processes in the bottom sediment surface, and gases that escape might modify the physicochemical characteristics of the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral and Geochemical Composition of Lake Sediments)
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17 pages, 4014 KiB  
Article
Geochemical Approach to the Reconstruction of Sedimentation Processes in Kamyshovoye Lake (SE Baltic, Russia) during the Late Glacial and Holocene
by Yuriy Kublitskiy, Marianna Kulkova, Olga Druzhinina, Dmitry Subetto, Miglė Stančikaitė, Laura Gedminienė and Khikmatulla Arslanov
Minerals 2020, 10(9), 764; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10090764 - 28 Aug 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2591
Abstract
The article is devoted to a reconstruction of the sedimentation processes in Kamyshovoye Lake (the Kaliningrad Region, Russia) during the Late Glacial and Holocene. The results of the geochemical analysis of Kamyshovoye Lake’s bottom sediments, accompanied by statistical processing and detailed radiocarbon dating, [...] Read more.
The article is devoted to a reconstruction of the sedimentation processes in Kamyshovoye Lake (the Kaliningrad Region, Russia) during the Late Glacial and Holocene. The results of the geochemical analysis of Kamyshovoye Lake’s bottom sediments, accompanied by statistical processing and detailed radiocarbon dating, are presented. It was established that a high proportion of mineral matter dominated in the intervals between 15,000 and 11,400 and between 1400 and 600 cal y BP; enrichment with carbonates was noted between 11,400 and 5200 cal y BP and during the past 600 years; and a high percentage of organic matter was recorded between 7800 and 600 cal y BP. We conclude that the increase in mineral matter was influenced by such factors as reduced vegetation cover due to natural and anthropogenic processes, aeolian transfer, and dead-ice melting during the Late Glacial. The increase in carbonate matter was mainly associated with humidity and the reduction conditions of the lake ecosystem. Organogenic matter content was affected by the autochthonic (biological) productivity of the lake, which directly depends on more favorable climatic conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral and Geochemical Composition of Lake Sediments)
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18 pages, 4851 KiB  
Article
Authigenic Carbonates in the Water–Biota–Bottom Sediments’ System of Small Lakes (South of Western Siberia)
by Ekaterina Ovdina, Vera Strakhovenko and Emilia Solotchina
Minerals 2020, 10(6), 552; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10060552 - 19 Jun 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3120
Abstract
We studied 46 small, drainless lakes in various landscape types: The sub-taiga (Vasyugan plain), forest–steppe (Baraba lowland), and steppe and subzone of ribbon forests (Kulunda plain). Sampling of lake components (sediments, water, and biota) was performed. The materials were analyzed via a combination [...] Read more.
We studied 46 small, drainless lakes in various landscape types: The sub-taiga (Vasyugan plain), forest–steppe (Baraba lowland), and steppe and subzone of ribbon forests (Kulunda plain). Sampling of lake components (sediments, water, and biota) was performed. The materials were analyzed via a combination of modern analytical methods (atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry). It was found that in the south of Western Siberia, lakes with a bicarbonate-sodium water composition are widespread against the background of general landscape zoning. This composition contributes to the abundant growth of biota in the lakes, which leads to the processes of authigenic carbonate formation from calcite–dolomite series and aragonite on geochemical barriers, i.e., drifting biota–water, submerged biota–water, and water–bottom sediments against a background of terrigenous demolition and organic matter accumulation. The article shows the differences in the composition and structure of low-temperature carbonate minerals formed on various geochemical barriers. It was found that low-magnesium calcite and aragonite are the most common authigenic carbonates in small lakes in the south of Western Siberia and are formed on all three geochemical barriers in lakes. High-magnesium calcites and Ca-excess dolomites are formed only at the water–bottom sediment barrier in lakes with HCO3–Na and Cl–HCO3–Na water composition at pH > 9 and with a total dissolved solids > 3 g·L−1 (in some lakes of HCO3-Na composition with a TDS < 3 g·L−1 and pH > 9). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral and Geochemical Composition of Lake Sediments)
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14 pages, 2138 KiB  
Article
Transformation of S-Bearing Minerals in Organic Matter-Rich Sediments from a Saline Lake with Hydrothermal Inputs
by Gabriel Ricardo Cifuentes, Juan Jiménez-Millán, Claudia Patricia Quevedo and Rosario Jiménez-Espinosa
Minerals 2020, 10(6), 525; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10060525 - 9 Jun 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2823
Abstract
Geothermal systems can provide significant amounts of hydrothermal sulfur to surface waters, increasing salinity and avoiding some of the common anthropic uses. The objective of this study was to investigate the sedimentary neoformation of S-bearing phases in organic matter-rich sediments from a saline [...] Read more.
Geothermal systems can provide significant amounts of hydrothermal sulfur to surface waters, increasing salinity and avoiding some of the common anthropic uses. The objective of this study was to investigate the sedimentary neoformation of S-bearing phases in organic matter-rich sediments from a saline lake with hydrothermal inputs (Sochagota Lake, Colombia). Detrital kaolinite and quartz are the main minerals of the materials deposited in the Sochagota Lake. Neoformed clay minerals (illite and illite-dioctahedral vermiculite mixed layers) are concentrated in the central and northern part of the lake in sediments with high organic matter content. The most organic matter-rich materials are characterized by S-bearing minerals: mackinawite, pyrite, and elemental sulfur (S°). FESEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), EDS, and Raman microspectrometry have revealed the presence of cell-shape aggregates of mackinawite nanoparticles filling the inner part of plant fragments, indicating that microorganisms were involved in the hydrothermal sulfur uptake. The alteration of mackinawite in free sulfide excess environment produced the formation of framboidal pyrite. The evolution to conditions with the presence of oxygen favored the formation of complex S° morphologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral and Geochemical Composition of Lake Sediments)
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19 pages, 6541 KiB  
Article
Distribution of Elements in Iron-Manganese Formations in Bottom Sediments of Lake Onego (NW Russia) and Small Lakes (Shotozero and Surgubskoe) of Adjacent Territories
by Vera Strakhovenko, Dmitry Subetto, Ekaterina Ovdina, Natalia Belkina and Natalia Efremenko
Minerals 2020, 10(5), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10050440 - 14 May 2020
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3432
Abstract
The morphology and mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the freshwater ferromanganese formations (FMF) of Lake Onego (NW Russia) and small lakes located in its catchment area were studied. The lake waters, bottom sediments and FMF were analyzed by a set of modern methods [...] Read more.
The morphology and mineralogical and geochemical compositions of the freshwater ferromanganese formations (FMF) of Lake Onego (NW Russia) and small lakes located in its catchment area were studied. The lake waters, bottom sediments and FMF were analyzed by a set of modern methods of geochemistry, mineralogy, and crystal chemistry (powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, electron microscopy, ICP–MS analysis, atomic absorption, etc.). A detailed description of the microscopic structure in comparison with the geochemical characteristics of the FMF provides new information on the role of biota in the formation and behavior of individual elements at various stages in the nodule formation process. This study shows the homogeneous composition of microconcretions—only manganese or only ferruginous—in bottom sediments throughout the entire water area of Lake Onego and the rhythmic structures of the nodules, formed by macro- and microlayers with mineralized microbiota. The layers are composed of either crystalline Mn mineral phases (pyrolusite, rhodochrosite) or crystalline Fe mineral phases (siderite, goethite). The separation of Mn and Fe mineral phases in the nodules proceeded during their formation and diagenesis. The examined chemical and mineral compositions, textures, and structures of the nodules are a testament to the hydrogenic source of their ore substance and the formation of FMF is controlled primarily by redox environments at the water–sediment interface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral and Geochemical Composition of Lake Sediments)
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21 pages, 3203 KiB  
Article
Distribution Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Uranium Isotopes in Saline Lake Waters in the Northeast of Qaidam Basin
by Chen Zhao, Pu Zhang, Xiangzhong Li, Youfeng Ning, Liangcheng Tan, R. Lawrence Edwards, Xiunan Yao and Hai Cheng
Minerals 2020, 10(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/min10010074 - 17 Jan 2020
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3190
Abstract
Four saline lakes in the northeast of Qaidam Basin were selected to explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of uranium isotopes in lake waters with high evaporation background. The 238U concentration and the activity ratios of 234U/238U ([ [...] Read more.
Four saline lakes in the northeast of Qaidam Basin were selected to explore the distribution characteristics and influencing factors of uranium isotopes in lake waters with high evaporation background. The 238U concentration and the activity ratios of 234U/238U ([234U/238U]AR) showed that there was no significant change in the same lake, but there was a certain degree of difference in the distribution between different lakes. We found that aqueous 238U concentration within a certain range increased with an increase in TDS (total dissolved solid) and salinity, as was also the case with pH. As in natural waters, the pH affects the speciation of 238U, but TDS and salinity affect the adsorption process of aqueous 238U. Further, the replenishment of water will also affect the uranium isotope concentration for lakes, but it is not the main influencing factor for saline lakes. Therefore, we suggest that pH is the dominant factor affecting changes in aqueous 238U concentration of the sampled saline lakes. The [234U/238U]AR in these saline lakes are closely related to the input water and the associated water–rock interactions involving sediments, atmosphere dust, and organic material, etc. during the evolution stage, metamorphous degree, and hydrochemistry of the saline lakes. Lake water samples collected in the maximum and minimum discharge water period, were used to evaluate the seasonal distribution characteristics of aqueous 238U, and we found that 238U concentration did not show an evident change with the seasons in these saline lakes. If the 238U concentration and [234U/238U]AR can remain consistent during a period of time, then the sediment ages and/or sedimentation rates could be determined by lake sediment and/or biogenic carbonate in future, thus allowing for the accurate reconstruction of the paleoclimate and paleoenvironment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mineral and Geochemical Composition of Lake Sediments)
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