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Advances in Wine Chemistry

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 1874

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
UMR 1366, OENO, Institut of Vine and Wine Sciences, University of Bordeaux, 33140 Villenave d’Ornon, France
Interests: wine chemistry; polyphenol evolution; anthocyanin; condensed tannins; UPLC-HRMS analysis; mouthfeel properties

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Guest Editor
Department for Sustainable Food Process—DiSTAS, Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy
Interests: wine chemistry; wine colloids; automation in winemaking; sensory analysis
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wine is a worldwide beverage well known for its complex chemical composition. An understanding of the chemical and physico-chemical mechanisms linked to this composition is the key criterion for the winemaker to guarantee the consumer the quality, stability, and typicality of the final wine. The chemical composition of wine results from the biochemical mechanisms in grape, the chemical modifications occurring during the fermentation influenced by the metabolism of yeasts and bacteria, and the chemical and physico-chemical changes occurring during maturation, stabilization treatments and aging in the bottle, and conditions throughout the wine supply chain until consumption.

This Special Issue invites manuscripts focusing on advances in wine chemistry in topics such as (i) characterization of wine composition and evolution in respect to viticultural practices in the context of climate changes; (ii) new outcomes in wine chemicals from alcoholic fermentation, stabilization treatments and aging due to minimized impacts in the additions of additives and adjuvants; (iii) wine sensory properties related to its chemical composition and evolution; (iv) new analytical techniques with which to elucidate wine composition such as the metabolomic and chemometric approach; (v) wine chemical markers to be controlled through automation and digitalization in winemaking.

Dr. Michael Jourdes
Dr. Milena Lambri
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • wine chemistry
  • climate change
  • polyphenol composition and evolution
  • aroma composition and evolution
  • colloidal stability
  • enological practices
  • wine sensory properties
  • winemaking automation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

18 pages, 3309 KiB  
Article
Chemical and Sensory Profile of Grape Distillates Aged in Quercus alba Casks Previously Used for Sherry Wine or Brandy
by Daniel Butrón-Benítez, Manuel J. Valcárcel-Muñoz, M. Valme García-Moreno, M. Carmen Rodríguez-Dodero and Dominico A. Guillén-Sánchez
Molecules 2024, 29(22), 5303; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29225303 - 9 Nov 2024
Viewed by 579
Abstract
This work investigates the influence of oak-cask ageing on the chemical composition and sensory profile of a variety of grape distillates. Wine spirit, wine distillate, neutral alcohol, and grape marc distillate were investigated. It is known that the characteristics of the ageing casks [...] Read more.
This work investigates the influence of oak-cask ageing on the chemical composition and sensory profile of a variety of grape distillates. Wine spirit, wine distillate, neutral alcohol, and grape marc distillate were investigated. It is known that the characteristics of the ageing casks may have a considerable impact on the ageing process, so casks that had previously contained some type of sherry wine, sherry cask®, and casks that had previously contained brandy were studied. The results showed that ageing in either type of cask resulted in significant changes regarding volatile compound composition and a noticeable increase in phenolic and furfural compound content. Furthermore, sherry casks® contributed with sherry wine characteristic compounds that enriched the aromatic profile of the distillates, such as a greater increase in ethyl esters of organic acids. A less noticeable evolution was exhibited by the distillates with higher levels of congeners (wine spirit and grape marc distillate) when compared to wine distillate or neutral alcohol, where changes due to ageing were more evident. The sensory analysis confirmed that ageing significantly modified the organoleptic characteristics of all the distillates, with an increasing perception of certain notes such as oak, vanilla, spicy, and vinous when aged in sherry cask®. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wine Chemistry)
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16 pages, 1691 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography with a TOF MS Detector—An Effective Tool to Trace the Signature of Grape Varieties
by Daniela Fonseca, Nuno Martins, Raquel Garcia and Maria João Cabrita
Molecules 2024, 29(9), 1989; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29091989 - 26 Apr 2024
Viewed by 796
Abstract
Varietal volatile compounds are characteristic of each variety of grapes and come from the skins of the grapes. This work focuses on the development of a methodology for the analysis of free compounds in grapes from Trincadeira, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Castelão and Tinta [...] Read more.
Varietal volatile compounds are characteristic of each variety of grapes and come from the skins of the grapes. This work focuses on the development of a methodology for the analysis of free compounds in grapes from Trincadeira, Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Castelão and Tinta Barroca from the 2021 and 2022 harvests, using HS-SPME-GC × GC-TOFMS. To achieve this purpose, a previous optimization step of sample preparation was implemented, with the optimized conditions being 4 g of grapes, 2 g of NaCl, and 2 mL of H2O. The extraction conditions were also optimized, and it was observed that performing the extraction for 40 min at 60 °C was the best for identifying more varietal compounds. The fiber used was a triple fiber of carboxen/divinylbenzene/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/DVB/PDMS). In addition to the sample preparation, the analytical conditions were also optimized, enabling the adequate separation of analytes. Using the optimized methodology, it was possible to identify fifty-two free volatile compounds, including seventeen monoterpenes, twenty-eight sesquiterpenes, and seven C13-norisoprenoids. It was observed that in 2021, more free varietal volatile compounds were identifiable compared to 2022. According to the results obtained through a linear discriminant analysis (LDA), the differences in volatile varietal signature are observed both among different grape varieties and across different years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wine Chemistry)
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