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Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts and Their Derivatives
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Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts and Their Derivatives

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2023) | Viewed by 13107

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Basit Zeshan

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Sustainable Agriculture, University Malaysia Sabah, Sandakan 90509, Sabah, Malaysia.
Interests: molecular microbiology; antimicrobial efficacy; plant based antimicrobial efficacy
Prof. Dr. Chan Yean Yean

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
Interests: molecular microbiology; molecular diagnostic; biosensor
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Naveed Ahmed

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Guest Editor
Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Malaysia
Interests: Infectious diseases; bacterial diagnosis; molecular diagnostic; neglected diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Increasing antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among common pathogens has raised major concern among physicians and medical professionals. With the increase in AMR and emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, treatment options have been reduced. These pathogens of oral cavities, skin, intestinal tracts, etc. are of great public health concern. Unavailability of new drugs, misuse of antibiotics and emergence of drug-resistant organisms are a leading cause of death worldwide. People are now moving towards herbal medicines and traditional remedies to overcome AMR against the available antibiotics. According to the WHO, about 80% of the world’s population still uses traditional remedies, including the use of herbs, for infections and illnesses. Plant secondary metabolites are mostly responsible for their antimicrobial activity. Major groups of phytochemicals that possess antimicrobial properties are phenolics and polyphenols (coumarins, quinones, flavonoids, and tannins), alkaloids, terpenoids, polypeptides, and lectins.

The main objectives of this Special Issue are to provide an overview of the currently available medicinal plants, and to evaluate and highlight the importance of commonly available medicinal plants as treatment options, with special concern regarding the antimicrobial activities of these medicinal plants.

The scope of the Special Issue may include, but is not be limited to, the following topics:

  1. Antimicrobial efficacy of medicinal plants;
  2. Plant extracts and derivatives;
  3. Anticancer, and antioxidant potentials of plant extracts;
  4. Antimicrobial activity and mechanism of action of plant extracts;
  5. Bioinformatics-based therapeutic tools to overcome antimicrobial resistance using plant derivatives.

Dr. Basit Zeshan
Prof. Dr. Chan Yean Yean
Dr. Naveed Ahmed
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antimicrobial resistance
  • plant extracts
  • antibacterial potential of plants
  • medicinal plants
  • early therapeutic options
  • natural therapeutic options
  • herbal therapy
  • treatment of microbial infections.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 9482 KiB  
Article
Supramolecular β-Cyclodextrin-Quercetin Based Metal–Organic Frameworks as an Efficient Antibiofilm and Antifungal Agent
by Rajaram Rajamohan, Chaitany Jayprakash Raorane, Seong-Cheol Kim, Mani Murali Krishnan and Yong Rok Lee
Molecules 2023, 28(9), 3667; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28093667 - 23 Apr 2023
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2763
Abstract
The loading of drugs or medicinally active compounds has recently been performed using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are thought to be a new type of porous material in which organic ligands and metal ions can self-assemble to form a network structure. The quercetin [...] Read more.
The loading of drugs or medicinally active compounds has recently been performed using metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are thought to be a new type of porous material in which organic ligands and metal ions can self-assemble to form a network structure. The quercetin (QRC) loading and biofilm application on a cyclodextrin-based metal–organic framework via a solvent diffusion approach is successfully accomplished in the current study. The antibacterial plant flavonoid QRC is loaded onto β-CD-K MOFs to create the composite containing inclusion complexes (ICs) and denoted as QRC:β-CD-K MOFs. The shifting in the chemical shift values of QRC in the MOFs may be the reason for the interaction of QRC with the β-CD-K MOFs. The binding energies and relative contents of MOFs are considerably changed after the formation of QRC:β-CD-K MOFs, suggesting that the interactions took place during the loading of QRC. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed a reduction in the formation of biofilm. The results of the cell aggregation and hyphal growth are consistent with the antibiofilm activity that is found in the treatment group. Therefore, QRC:β-CD-K MOFs had no effect on the growth of planktonic cells while inhibiting the development of hyphae and biofilm in C. albicans DAY185. This study creates new opportunities for supramolecular β-CD-based MOF development for use in biological research and pharmaceutical production. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts and Their Derivatives)
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17 pages, 1245 KiB  
Article
Targeted HPTLC Profile, Quantification of Flavonoids and Phenolic Acids, and Antimicrobial Activity of Dodonaea angustifolia (L.f.) Leaves and Flowers
by Fekade Beshah Tessema, Yilma Hunde Gonfa, Tilahun Belayneh Asfaw, Mesfin Getachew Tadesse, Tigist Getachew Tadesse, Archana Bachheti, Mohammed O. Alshaharni, Pankaj Kumar, Vinod Kumar, Ivan Širić, Sami Abou Fayssal, Kundan Kumar Chaubey and Rakesh Kumar Bachheti
Molecules 2023, 28(6), 2870; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28062870 - 22 Mar 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2488
Abstract
In East Africa, Dodonaea angustifolia (L.f.) is a well-known medicinal herb. Its leaf is primarily studied in light of its ethnobotanical use. In terms of phytochemistry and biological activity, its flower is not studied. In a prior study, our team looked into phytochemical [...] Read more.
In East Africa, Dodonaea angustifolia (L.f.) is a well-known medicinal herb. Its leaf is primarily studied in light of its ethnobotanical use. In terms of phytochemistry and biological activity, its flower is not studied. In a prior study, our team looked into phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, and total phenolic levels. This study aims to compare the profiles and biological activities of the leaf and flower samples of D. angustifolia and to present therapeutic alternatives. The leaf and flower sample powders were extracted with methanol using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). HPTLC profile was obtained using CAMAG—HPTLC equipped with VisionCATS software. Antimicrobial agar well diffusion assay and minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) were determined. The leaf and flower extracts of D. angustifolia showed antibacterial activity with a MIC value of 20 µg/mL against Enterococcus faecalis and Listeria monocytogenes. Similarly, 40 µg/mL was found to be effective against Aspergillus flavus. D. angustifolia flower is a rich source of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Because of its antibacterial properties and profile, which are almost the same, the flower is emerging as a viable option for medicinal alternatives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts and Their Derivatives)
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20 pages, 3608 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Bioactive Compounds and Novel Proteins Derived from Promising Source Citrullus colocynthis along with In-Vitro and In-Vivo Activities
by Muhammad Afzal, Anis Shahzad Khan, Basit Zeshan, Muhammad Riaz, Umer Ejaz, Ayesha Saleem, Rida Zaineb, Haseeb Akram Sindhu, Chan Yean Yean and Naveed Ahmed
Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1743; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041743 - 11 Feb 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2920
Abstract
Herbal products are preferable to synthetic medicines, and the use of traditional medicines is increasing day-by-day. The current study was designed to evaluate the potentials of bioactive compounds from Citrullus colocynthis by performing FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS analyses, which explore the good concentration [...] Read more.
Herbal products are preferable to synthetic medicines, and the use of traditional medicines is increasing day-by-day. The current study was designed to evaluate the potentials of bioactive compounds from Citrullus colocynthis by performing FTIR, HPLC, and GC-MS analyses, which explore the good concentration of the secondary metabolites, such as gallic acid (74.854 ppm), vanillic acid (122.616 ppm), and ferulic acid (101.045 ppm) with considerable bioactivities. Antimicrobial protein was estimated by performing SDS-PAGE, ranging from 15 to 70 kDa in all protein fractions. The current study also checked the cytotoxicity of the bioactive compounds in the active fraction of C. colocynthis, and to perform this activity, the groups of rats were arranged with 16 rats randomly divided into four groups (three experimental and one control) by administering various dosage of methanolic fractions in dose-dependent manner. Histopathology was conducted on the livers of the rats after 15 days of sacrifice under deep anesthesia. In liver cell slides examined at the maximum dose of 600 mg/kg, minimal morphological changes, such as slight ballooning, nuclear variation, vacuolar degeneration, and hydropic degeneration, were observed. Furthermore, the in silico analysis identified bioactive compounds as potential drug candidates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts and Their Derivatives)
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12 pages, 1216 KiB  
Article
Assessment of the Phytochemical Analysis and Antimicrobial Potentials of Zingiber zerumbet
by Muhammad Ramzan and Basit Zeshan
Molecules 2023, 28(1), 409; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28010409 - 3 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4207
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has arisen as a global concern in recent decades. Plant extracts used in combination with antibiotics are promising against AMR, synergistically. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the component of the bitter ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) extract [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) has arisen as a global concern in recent decades. Plant extracts used in combination with antibiotics are promising against AMR, synergistically. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the component of the bitter ginger (Zingiber zerumbet) extract in different solvents using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), in addition to evaluate the antibacterial activity of these extracts, in combination with their antibiotic potential against four multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacterial strains (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus mutans, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus). Ethanol and the aqueous extracts of bitter ginger were prepared using a conventional solvent extraction method and were evaluated for their phytochemistry using HPLC, qualitatively and quantitatively. Moreover, the antibiotic susceptibility of the pathogenic isolates was determined. A disc diffusion assay was used to obtain the antimicrobial potential of the extracts alone and with antibiotics. Eight components were identified from the separation of the bitter ginger extract by HPLC. For AMR bacteria, the combination of the antibiotic solution with the bitter ginger crude extracts could improve its susceptibility of these antibiotics. This study indicates that the combination of an antibiotic solution with the bitter ginger crude extract exhibits potent antibacterial activities against MDR bacterial strains. Therefore, they can be used for the treatment of various diseases against the microbial pathogen and can be incorporated into medication for antibacterial therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Antimicrobial Activity of Plant Extracts and Their Derivatives)
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