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Supercritical Fluids and Their Application

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2020) | Viewed by 3418

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
Interests: phase equilibrium data; transport properties; extractions; particle formation; product formulation; biochemical reactions in supercritical fluids; hydrothermal conversation of biomass
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sub- and supercritical fluids are excellent solvents with special thermodynamic and transport properties for different applications. Because the critical point of majority of substances is at elevated pressure and/or temperature, the research and applications were mostly developed recently.

High-pressure technologies involving sub- and supercritical fluids offer the possibility to obtain new products with special characteristics or to design new processes, which are environmentally friendly and sustainable. By using high pressure as a processing tool, one can also avoid the legal limitations for solvent residues and restrictions on use of conventional solvents in chemical processes. Supercritical fluids are already applied in several processes developed to commercial scale in the pharmaceutical, food, and textile industries. Extraction of valuable compounds from plant materials and their “in situ” formulation in products with specific properties is one of the very promising applications of high-pressure technology. Particle formation using supercritical fluids may overcome the drawbacks of conventional particle size reduction processes. Because of their unique thermodynamic and fluid–dynamic properties, dense gases can also be used for impregnation of solid particles, particle coating, foaming, etc. Supercritical impregnation into aerogels using supercritical carbon dioxide is a great way to improve the dissolution and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. Several chemical and biochemical reactions performed in supercritical fluids have already been implemented at industrial scale to obtain products with high added value. The use of supercritical fluids as heat carriers is a newly emerging field. 

This Special Issue aims to provide a broad survey of recent advances in research and applications of supercritical fluids. This Special Issue will contain contributions describing present recent research and future expected developments in the field of sub- and supercritical fluids. Especially welcome are reviews articles by experts with the state of the art of application of supercritical fluids at industrial scale.

Prof. Dr. Zeljko Knez,
Assoc. Member Slov.Acad.Sci.&Arts,
Member Eu.Acad.Sci.&Arts,
Member Cro. Acad. Eng.
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Thermodynamics
  • Extraction
  • Fractionation
  • Particle formation
  • Product formulation
  • Chemical and biochemical reactions in/with supercritical fluids
  • Drying
  • Materials
  • Products

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

10 pages, 964 KiB  
Communication
On the Enhanced Accuracy of Kinetic Curve Building in Supercritical Fluid Extraction from Aroma Plants Using a New 3D-Printed Extract Collection Device
by Denis Prokopchuk and Oleg Pokrovskiy
Molecules 2020, 25(9), 2008; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092008 - 25 Apr 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2952
Abstract
Accurate collection of extracted material represents a technical problem in supercritical fluid extraction because trapping should be performed in severe conditions of rapidly moving and freezing expanded fluid. We have developed a simple device for effective sample collection in analytical-scale supercritical fluid extraction. [...] Read more.
Accurate collection of extracted material represents a technical problem in supercritical fluid extraction because trapping should be performed in severe conditions of rapidly moving and freezing expanded fluid. We have developed a simple device for effective sample collection in analytical-scale supercritical fluid extraction. The device consists of a cyclone separator equipped with a spray trap and a heated check valve. The cyclone separator and spray trap are manufactured from a light polymer via 3D printing and are quick-detachable, which encourages its use in applications where mass yield measurements are required. The device was compared to a standard tubing-and-vial approach in the task of building kinetic curves for the extraction from two aroma plants, namely, laurel and rosemary. The new device showed almost two-fold increase in extraction trapping, most probably due to better collection of volatile compounds. A curious effect of the number of mass measurement points per curve on apparent yield was observed. An increase in the number of points led to an increase in yield, probably due to the effect of the static–dynamic extract regime posed by the manner in which the device is used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Supercritical Fluids and Their Application)
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