Advances in Critical Molecules Involved in the Pathophysiology of Thyroid Disease
A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Biology".
Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2022) | Viewed by 18197
Special Issue Editors
Interests: enzymes activation/deactivation; gene expression; protein levels evaluation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Interests: conjugation and labelling of oligonucleotides and peptides for biosensing; theranostics and in-vitro pathway dissection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Special Issue Information
Dear Colleagues,
Thyroid hormones (THs) are involved in a great variety of biochemical processes in almost all body organs. Thyroxine (T4) is the principal hormone produced by the thyroid gland and activated into bioactive 3,3’,5-triiodothyronine (T3) in peripheral target tissues by two 5’-deiodinases (DIO1 and DIO2). Iodine and selenium are fundamental elements for efficient thyroid metabolism. Unbalanced thyroid hormone synthesis and action are quite common in the population and can have severe consequences in all phases of life.
New concepts on thyroid hormones’ function, from their active transport inside the cells to their interaction with intracellular receptors, leading to genomic or non-genomic actions, have been developed in recent years. Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism directly derive from excess or scarcity of THs, respectively; however, alterations in TH levels also contribute to the pathology of other important diseases. Inhibition of thyroid peroxidase (TPO), Na+/I symporter (NIS)—both important in the biosynthesis of THs—or DIO1 and DIO2 is the main target of anti-thyroid drugs. However, there are many other bioactive molecules not necessarily involved directly in thyroid metabolism that, given their structural properties or cellular location, may have an impact on thyroid regulatory pathways in specific pathophysiological conditions. The aim of this Special Issue is to present studies that identify such critical molecules and highlight the nature of their biochemical involvement in TH metabolism.
Dr. Laura Sabatino
Dr. Lorena Tedeschi
Guest Editors
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Keywords
- Molecules
- Receptor variety
- Oligonucleotides
- Oxidative stress
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