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Ionic Liquids for Electrochemistry
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Ionic Liquids for Electrochemistry

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 12620

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Luísa Margarida Martins

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro de Química Estrutural, Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
Interests: catalyst design; C-scorpionate; single-site heterogeneous catalysis; C-H activation; CO2 fixation; biomass conversion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ionic liquids (ILs) are a distinct and useful class of functional materials. In the last few years, ILs have attracted much interest for their use as non-aqueous electrolytes in electrochemical applications, where their conductivity and electrochemical stability, together with other interesting features such as negligible vapor pressure and non-flammability, make them the ideal electrolytes for many interesting applications. This special field of electrochemistry has gained special growth, mainly driven by the urgent need for advanced materials of primary relevance for the development of highly efficient and environmentally benign industrial electrochemical processes.

This Special Issue is aimed at covering emerging and promising strategies for the development of sustainable electrochemical processes, focusing on the aspects that drive present and future research. Authors with expertise in such fields of research are strongly encouraged to submit their works for publication in this Special Issue of Molecules in the form of original research or review articles.

Prof. Dr. Martins Luísa Margarida
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • electrosynthesis
  • electrocatalysis
  • electrochemical deposition
  • electrochemical biosensing
  • electrochemical capacitors
  • surface electrochemistry
  • conducting polymer electrochemistry
  • electrochemical stability

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1739 KiB  
Article
Voltammetry and Spectroelectrochemistry of TCNQ in Acetonitrile/RTIL Mixtures
by Abderrahman Atifi and Michael D. Ryan
Molecules 2020, 25(2), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25020303 - 12 Jan 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3398
Abstract
Understanding the solvation and ion-pairing interactions of anionic substrates in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) is key for the electrochemical applications of these new classes of solvents. In this work, cyclic voltammetry and visible and infrared spectroelectrochemistry of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) was examined in molecular [...] Read more.
Understanding the solvation and ion-pairing interactions of anionic substrates in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTIL) is key for the electrochemical applications of these new classes of solvents. In this work, cyclic voltammetry and visible and infrared spectroelectrochemistry of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) was examined in molecular (acetonitrile) and RTIL solvents, as well as mixtures of these solvents. The overall results were consistent with the formation of RTIL/acetonitrile nanodomains. The voltammetry indicated that the first electrogenerated product, TCNQ−, was not incorporated into the RTIL nanodomain, while the second electrogenerated product, TCNQ2−, was strongly attracted to the RTIL nanodomain. The visible spectroelectrochemistry was also consistent with these observations. Infrared spectroelectrochemistry showed no discrete ion pairing between the cation and TCNQ− in either the acetonitrile or RTIL solutions. Discrete ion pairing was, however, observed in the acetonitrile domain between the tetrabutylammonium ion and TCNQ2−. On the other hand, no discrete ion pairing was observed in BMImPF6 or BMImBF4 solutions with TCNQ2−. In BMImNTf2, however, discrete ion pairs were formed with BMIm+ and TCNQ2−. Density function theory (DFT) calculations showed that the cations paired above and below the aromatic ring. The results of this work support the understanding of the redox chemistry in RTIL solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids for Electrochemistry)
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17 pages, 3588 KiB  
Article
Electrical and Electrochemical Behavior of Carbon Paste Electrodes Modified with Ionic Liquids Based in N-Octylpyridinium Bis(Trifluoromethylsulfonyl)Imide. A Theoretical and Experimental Study
by Carla Báez, Freddy Navarro, Francesca Fuenzalida, María J. Aguirre, M. Carmen Arévalo, María Afonso, Camilo García, Galo Ramírez and J. Antonio Palenzuela
Molecules 2019, 24(18), 3382; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183382 - 17 Sep 2019
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3106
Abstract
In this work, we studied carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) with two kinds of binders: mineral oil or ionic liquids (IL) derived from N-substituted octyl pyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with the substituents H-, CH3-, CN- and CF3-. The work aims to study [...] Read more.
In this work, we studied carbon paste electrodes (CPEs) with two kinds of binders: mineral oil or ionic liquids (IL) derived from N-substituted octyl pyridinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide with the substituents H-, CH3-, CN- and CF3-. The work aims to study this series of IL and determine a possible effect of the substituent of the cation in the behavior of the IL as a binder of graphite for obtaining IL-CPEs. The electrochemical response and the electrical behavior were measured by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, respectively. Surprisingly, the substituent does not affect the cyclic voltammetry response because in all the cases, high resistance and high capacitive currents were obtained. The best response in terms of conductivity is obtained by CPE. In the case of impedance measurements, the substituent does not cause differences, and in all the cases, the IL-CPEs show nearly the same responses. CPE shows lower capacitance and higher resistance for diffusion compared to the IL-CPEs due to his lower porosity. The high resistance showed by the IL-CPEs by cyclic voltammetry can be attributed to poorly intermolecular forces among graphite, water, electrolyte, and ILs as demonstrated by theoretical calculations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids for Electrochemistry)
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20 pages, 5192 KiB  
Article
Polymerizable Ionic Liquids for Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes
by Robert Löwe, Thomas Hanemann and Andreas Hofmann
Molecules 2019, 24(2), 324; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020324 - 17 Jan 2019
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5581
Abstract
Eight new polymerizable ammonium-TFSI ionic liquids were synthesized and characterized with respect to an application in energy storage devices. The ionic liquids feature methacrylate or acrylate termination as polymerizable groups. The preparation was optimized to obtain the precursors and ionic liquids in high [...] Read more.
Eight new polymerizable ammonium-TFSI ionic liquids were synthesized and characterized with respect to an application in energy storage devices. The ionic liquids feature methacrylate or acrylate termination as polymerizable groups. The preparation was optimized to obtain the precursors and ionic liquids in high yield. All products were characterized by NMR and IR spectroscopy. Phase transition temperatures were obtained by DSC analysis. Density, viscosity and ionic conductivity of the ionic liquids were compared and discussed. The results reveal that the length of attached alkyl groups as well as the methyl group at the polymerizable function have significant influences on the ionic liquids physicochemical properties. Ionic conductivity values vary between 0.264 mS cm−1 for [C2NA,22]TFSI and 0.080 mS cm−1 for [C8NMA,22]TFSI at 25 °C. Viscosity values are within a range of 0.762 Pa s for [C2NA,22]TFSI and 1.522 Pa s for [C6NMA,22]TFSI at 25 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids for Electrochemistry)
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