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Recent Development of Solid Polymer Electrolytes
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Recent Development of Solid Polymer Electrolytes

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2023) | Viewed by 12211

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maria Manuela Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centro de Química e Departamento de Química, Universidade do Minho, Gualtar, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
Interests: solid polymer electrolytes; natural polymers; batteries; smart windows; electrochromic devices
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Solid Polymer Electrolytes (SPEs) are the focus of much attention as potential electrolytes of great technological relevance for solid-state electrochemistry, in particular for their possible practical application in devices such as batteries, supercapacitors, fuel cells, smart windows, sensors, and solar cells, among others. SPEs have many advantages, including high energy density, good mechanical strength, no risk of leakage, no deleterious issues related to the presence of solvent, a wide electrochemical stability window, simplified processability, and light weight. For this Special Issue of Molecules, we invite authors to submit original research and review articles that seek to address the current limitations related to some of the above-mentioned challenges. We are interested in articles that explore aspects concerning novel polymer electrolytes, new methods for preparation and characterization, environmentally friendly, sustainability, etc.

Prof. Dr. Maria Manuela Silva
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Keywords

  • solid polymer electrolytes
  • solid-state electrochemistry
  • batteries
  • smart windows
  • fuel cells
  • solar cells
  • natural macromolecules

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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23 pages, 4184 KiB  
Article
Insight into the Effect of Glycerol on Dielectric Relaxation and Transport Properties of Potassium-Ion-Conducting Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes for Application in Solid-State Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitor
by Abdullahi Abbas Adam, Hassan Soleimani, John Ojur Dennis, Osamah A. Aldaghri, Ahmed Alsadig, Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf, Bashir Abubakar Abdulkadir, Ismael Abdalla Wadi, Vipin Cyriac and Muhammad Fadhlullah Bin Abd. Shukur
Molecules 2023, 28(8), 3461; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28083461 - 14 Apr 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2458
Abstract
The increased interest in the transition from liquid to solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) has driven enormous research in the area polymer electrolyte technology. Solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) are a special class of SPEs that are obtained from natural polymers. Recently, SBEs have been [...] Read more.
The increased interest in the transition from liquid to solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) has driven enormous research in the area polymer electrolyte technology. Solid biopolymer electrolytes (SBEs) are a special class of SPEs that are obtained from natural polymers. Recently, SBEs have been generating much attention because they are simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly. In this work, SBEs based on glycerol-plasticized methylcellulose/pectin/potassium phosphate (MC/PC/K3PO4) are investigated for their potential application in an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC). The structural, electrical, thermal, dielectric, and energy moduli of the SBEs were analyzed via X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), transference number measurement (TNM), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV). The plasticizing effect of glycerol in the MC/PC/K3PO4/glycerol system was confirmed by the change in the intensity of the samples’ FTIR absorption bands. The broadening of the XRD peaks demonstrates that the amorphous component of SBEs increases with increasing glycerol concentration, while EIS plots demonstrate an increase in ionic conductivity with increasing plasticizer content owing to the formation of charge-transfer complexes and the expansion of amorphous domains in polymer electrolytes (PEs). The sample containing 50% glycerol has a maximal ionic conductivity of about 7.5 × 10−4 scm−1, a broad potential window of 3.99 V, and a cation transference number of 0.959 at room temperature. Using the cyclic voltammetry (CV) test, the EDLC constructed from the sample with the highest conductivity revealed a capacitive characteristic. At 5 mVs−1, a leaf-shaped profile with a specific capacitance of 57.14 Fg−1 was measured based on the CV data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Development of Solid Polymer Electrolytes)
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19 pages, 3996 KiB  
Article
Improved Conductivity in Gellan Gum and Montmorillonite Nanocomposites Electrolytes
by Willian Robert Caliman, Franciani Cassia Sentanin, Rodrigo Cesar Sabadini, Jose Pedro Donoso, Claudio Jose Magon and Agnieszka Pawlicka
Molecules 2022, 27(24), 8721; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248721 - 9 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1378
Abstract
Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPEs) were obtained using gellan gum (GG) and 1 to 40 wt.% of montmorillonite (Na+SYN-1) clay. The NPEs were crosslinked with formaldehyde, plasticized with glycerol, and contained LiClO4. The samples were characterized by impedance spectroscopy, thermal [...] Read more.
Nanocomposite polymer electrolytes (NPEs) were obtained using gellan gum (GG) and 1 to 40 wt.% of montmorillonite (Na+SYN-1) clay. The NPEs were crosslinked with formaldehyde, plasticized with glycerol, and contained LiClO4. The samples were characterized by impedance spectroscopy, thermal analyses (TGA and DSC), UV-vis transmittance and reflectance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and continuous-wave electron paramagnetic resonance (CW-EPR). The NPEs of GG and 40 wt.% LiClO4 showed the highest conductivity of 2.14 × 10−6 and 3.10 × 10−4 S/cm at 30 and 80 °C, respectively. The samples with 10 wt.% Na+SYN-1 had a conductivity of 1.86 × 10−5 and 3.74 × 10−4 S/cm at 30 and 80 °C, respectively. TGA analyses revealed that the samples are thermally stable up to 190 °C and this did not change with clay addition. The transparency of the samples decreased with the increase in the clay content and at the same time their reflectance increased. Finally, CW-EPR was performed to identify the coordination environment of Cu2+ ions in the GG NPEs. The samples doped with the lowest copper concentration exhibit the typical EPR spectra due to isolated Cu2+ ions in axially distorted sites. At high concentrations, the spectra become isotropic because of dipolar and exchange magnetic effects. In summary, GG/clay NPEs presented good ionic conductivity results, which qualifies them for electrochemical device applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Development of Solid Polymer Electrolytes)
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Review

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47 pages, 12762 KiB  
Review
A Review of Current Trends on Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA)-Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes
by John Ojur Dennis, M. F. Shukur, Osamah A. Aldaghri, Khalid Hassan Ibnaouf, Abdullahi Abbas Adam, Fahad Usman, Yarima Mudassir Hassan, A. Alsadig, Wilson L. Danbature and Bashir Abubakar Abdulkadir
Molecules 2023, 28(4), 1781; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28041781 - 13 Feb 2023
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 7652
Abstract
Presently, the rising concerns about the fossil fuel crisis and ecological deterioration have greatly affected the world economy and hence have attracted attention to the utilization of renewable energies. Among the renewable energy being developed, supercapacitors hold great promise in broad applications such [...] Read more.
Presently, the rising concerns about the fossil fuel crisis and ecological deterioration have greatly affected the world economy and hence have attracted attention to the utilization of renewable energies. Among the renewable energy being developed, supercapacitors hold great promise in broad applications such as electric vehicles. Presently, the main challenge facing supercapacitors is the amount of energy stored. This, however, does not satisfy the increasing demand for higher energy storage devices, and therefore, intensive research is being undertaken to overcome the challenges of low energy density. The purpose of this review is to report on solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The review discussed the PVA as a host polymer in SPEs followed by a discussion on the influence of conducting salts. The formation of SPEs as well as the ion transport mechanism in PVA SPEs were discussed. The application and development of PVA-based polymer electrolytes on supercapacitors and other energy storage devices were elucidated. The fundamentals of electrochemical characterization for analyzing the mechanism of supercapacitor applications, such as EIS, LSV and dielectric constant, are highlighted. Similarly, thermodynamic transport models of ions and their mechanism about temperature based on Arrhenius and Vogel–Tammann–Fulcher (VTF) are analyzed. Methods for enhancing the electrochemical performance of PVA-based SPEs were reported. Likely challenges facing the current electrolytes are well discussed. Finally, research directions to overcome the present challenges in producing SPEs are proposed. Therefore, this review is expected to be source material for other researchers concerned with the development of PVA-based SPE material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Development of Solid Polymer Electrolytes)
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