Computational Approaches for Pinpointing the Locations and Properties of Non-coding RNAs

A special issue of Non-Coding RNA (ISSN 2311-553X). This special issue belongs to the section "Computational Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 5697

Special Issue Editors

Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Interests: gene regulation; transcriptomics; lncRNAs; enhancer-promoter communication; epitranscriptomics; RNA editing; RNA secondary structure; computational genomics; statistical modelling; deep learning
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Guest Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are molecules that play important roles in cellular regulation, and are increasingly being recognised for their potential in understanding and diagnosing disease. The rapid detection of ncRNA transcripts in recent years means that ncRNAs now vastly outnumber that of protein-coding genes. However, there are still key challenges remaining, such as how missing transcripts can be identified, refining current annotations and understanding the specific contexts in which they are expressed. Additionally, there is an urgent need to prioritise which transcripts should be studied further in order to decipher their regulatory roles and impact.

Recent advancements in computer algorithms and machine learning, including deep learning approaches, have a strong, yet to date largely unexplored, potential for boosting our knowledge of ncRNA identification and analysis. Therefore, in this series, we invite manuscripts that explore a broad range of computational algorithms and machine learning techniques in order to gain a more comprehensive understanding of ncRNAs. These manuscripts may potentially incorporate and integrate multiple data sources and types, such as next-generation sequencing data, including both (epi-)transcriptomic and epigenomic data, as well as sequences themselves. Furthermore, they may address a broad range of problems in the field, such as cataloguing and annotating ncRNA transcripts, understanding their properties, including sequence-specific motifs separating different RNA species, analysing their secondary structures and their potential to interact with other biomolecules (e.g., proteins, chromatin and/or other RNAs), and how we can characterise them in the context of specific diseases and conditions.

Contributions to further research in this area has a rich potential to help improve our understanding of biological regulation, which in turn can lead to the development of targeted therapies for a variety of diseases.

Dr. Sarah Rennie
Prof. Dr. Shizuka Uchida
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • non-coding RNAs
  • bioinformatics
  • machine learning and deep learning
  • RNA regulation
  • disease

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 17983 KiB  
Article
lncRNA-mRNA Co-Expression and Regulation Analysis in Lung Fibroblasts from Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
by Armando López-Martínez, Jovito Cesar Santos-Álvarez, Juan Manuel Velázquez-Enríquez, Alma Aurora Ramírez-Hernández, Verónica Rocío Vásquez-Garzón and Rafael Baltierrez-Hoyos
Non-Coding RNA 2024, 10(2), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna10020026 - 17 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2701
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease marked by abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) due to dysregulated expression of various RNAs in pulmonary fibroblasts. This study utilized RNA-seq data meta-analysis to explore the regulatory network of hub long non-coding RNAs [...] Read more.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive lung disease marked by abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) due to dysregulated expression of various RNAs in pulmonary fibroblasts. This study utilized RNA-seq data meta-analysis to explore the regulatory network of hub long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) in IPF fibroblasts. The meta-analysis unveiled 584 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNA) and 75 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNA) in lung fibroblasts from IPF. Among these, BCL6, EFNB1, EPHB2, FOXO1, FOXO3, GNAI1, IRF4, PIK3R1, and RXRA were identified as hub mRNAs, while AC008708.1, AC091806.1, AL442071.1, FAM111A-DT, and LINC01989 were designated as hub lncRNAs. Functional characterization revealed involvement in TGF-β, PI3K, FOXO, and MAPK signaling pathways. Additionally, this study identified regulatory interactions between sequences of hub mRNAs and lncRNAs. In summary, the findings suggest that AC008708.1, AC091806.1, FAM111A-DT, LINC01989, and AL442071.1 lncRNAs can regulate BCL6, EFNB1, EPHB2, FOXO1, FOXO3, GNAI1, IRF4, PIK3R1, and RXRA mRNAs in fibroblasts bearing IPF and contribute to fibrosis by modulating crucial signaling pathways such as FoxO signaling, chemical carcinogenesis, longevity regulatory pathways, non-small cell lung cancer, and AMPK signaling pathways. Full article
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14 pages, 4874 KiB  
Article
HGSMDA: miRNA–Disease Association Prediction Based on HyperGCN and Sørensen-Dice Loss
by Zhenghua Chang, Rong Zhu, Jinxing Liu, Junliang Shang and Lingyun Dai
Non-Coding RNA 2024, 10(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/ncrna10010009 - 26 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2037
Abstract
Biological research has demonstrated the significance of identifying miRNA–disease associations in the context of disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. However, the utilization of experimental approaches involving biological subjects to infer these associations is both costly and inefficient. Consequently, there is a pressing need [...] Read more.
Biological research has demonstrated the significance of identifying miRNA–disease associations in the context of disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. However, the utilization of experimental approaches involving biological subjects to infer these associations is both costly and inefficient. Consequently, there is a pressing need to devise novel approaches that offer enhanced accuracy and effectiveness. Presently, the predominant methods employed for predicting disease associations rely on Graph Convolutional Network (GCN) techniques. However, the Graph Convolutional Network algorithm, which is locally aggregated, solely incorporates information from the immediate neighboring nodes of a given node at each layer. Consequently, GCN cannot simultaneously aggregate information from multiple nodes. This constraint significantly impacts the predictive efficacy of the model. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel approach, based on HyperGCN and Sørensen-Dice loss (HGSMDA), for predicting associations between miRNAs and diseases. In the initial phase, we developed multiple networks to represent the similarity between miRNAs and diseases and employed GCNs to extract information from diverse perspectives. Subsequently, we draw into HyperGCN to construct a miRNA–disease heteromorphic hypergraph using hypernodes and train GCN on the graph to aggregate information. Finally, we utilized the Sørensen-Dice loss function to evaluate the degree of similarity between the predicted outcomes and the ground truth values, thereby enabling the prediction of associations between miRNAs and diseases. In order to assess the soundness of our methodology, an extensive series of experiments was conducted employing the Human MicroRNA Disease Database (HMDD v3.2) as the dataset. The experimental outcomes unequivocally indicate that HGSMDA exhibits remarkable efficacy when compared to alternative methodologies. Furthermore, the predictive capacity of HGSMDA was corroborated through a case study focused on colon cancer. These findings strongly imply that HGSMDA represents a dependable and valid framework, thereby offering a novel avenue for investigating the intricate association between miRNAs and diseases. Full article
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