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Diet and Multi-Omics

A topical collection in Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643). This collection belongs to the section "Nutrition and Public Health".

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Editors

Dr. Mohsen Mazidi

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
1. Clinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit (CTSU), Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
2. Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, South Wing St Thomas’, King’s College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
Interests: personalized nutrition; metabolomics; microbiome; nutritional epidemiology; mendelian randomization; non-communicable diseases
Dr. Richard Webb

E-Mail Website
Co-Collection Editor
School of Health Sciences, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK
Interests: cardiometabolic; lipoproteins; lipids; nutrition; atherosclerosis

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the recent shift in focus from food quantity to quality, consumers’ concerns and choices regarding healthy food have become a matter of prime importance. This has given rise to the concepts of ’personalized’ and ‘precision’ nutrition. Additionally, our understanding of the complex interplay between diet, health and disease as determined using so-called ‘omics’ technologies is growing. This is particularly timely as individuals now often look towards these personalized and precision nutrition approaches for guidance on healthier food choices. Moreover, recent advancements in omics tools and techniques have greatly extended the scope of their application within the nutrition sciences. As a result, a better understanding of the underlying interactions between diet and human physiology can be gained, whilst addressing the key challenges critical for the successful implementation of this science. 

Dr. Mohsen Mazidi
Dr. Richard Webb
Collection Editors

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Keywords

  • diet
  • nutrients
  • microbiome
  • metabolites
  • proteomics
  • genomics
  • omics

Published Papers (5 papers)

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2024

Jump to: 2023

13 pages, 844 KiB  
Article
Impact of Genetic Polymorphisms on Electrochemical Parameters and Acid-Base Disorders in Brazilian Runners During a 105-Kilometer Ultramarathon
by Marcelo Romanovitch Ribas, Fábio Kurt Schneider, Danieli Isabel Romanovitch Ribas, Georgian Badicu, Ana Claudia Bonatto, Luca Paolo Ardigò and Júlio Cesar Bassan
Nutrients 2024, 16(22), 3945; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16223945 - 19 Nov 2024
Viewed by 477
Abstract
Background/Objectives: This study focused on a group of 22 elite male mountain runners from Brazil (average age of 35.9 ± 6.5 years) with the objective of exploring the possible roles of the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, and CK MM A/G NcoI genetic variants [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: This study focused on a group of 22 elite male mountain runners from Brazil (average age of 35.9 ± 6.5 years) with the objective of exploring the possible roles of the ACTN3 R577X, ACE I/D, and CK MM A/G NcoI genetic variants in shaping electrochemical profiles and maintaining acid-base homeostasis during a 105-km ultramarathon. Methods: Genotyping for each polymorphism (ACTN3: RR, RX, XX; ACE: DD, ID, II; CK MM: AA, AG, GG) was conducted using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism), and saliva samples were used to obtain DNA. Analyses of electrochemical and acid-base disturbances were performed in real time. Results: It was observed that athletes who completed the race in less time had lower calcium concentrations (Rs = 0.35; p = 0.016). Pre-race, the RX genotype showed a 14.19% reduction in potassium levels compared to RR (p = 0.01). The GG genotype showed potassium levels 19.36% higher than AA (p = 0.01) and a 6.11% increase in hematocrit values compared to AA (p = 0.03). Additionally, the AG genotype exhibited hematocrit values 5.44% higher than AA (p = 0.03). Post-race, the XX genotype demonstrated higher hematocrit values compared to RX, with an increase of 8.92% (p = 0.03). The II genotype showed a 0.27% increase in pH compared to ID (p = 0.02) and a 20.42% reduction in carbon dioxide levels (p = 0.01). Conclusions: The findings emphasize the impact of the examined polymorphisms on the modulation of electrochemical factors and the maintenance of acid-base equilibrium in athletes during 105 km ultramarathons. Full article
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18 pages, 3631 KiB  
Article
Proteomic Characterization of a Lunasin-Enriched Soybean Extract Potentially Useful in the Treatment of Helicobacter pylori Infection
by Giselle Franca-Oliveira, Sara Monreal Peinado, Stephanny Miranda Alves de Souza, Dario Eluan Kalume, Theo Luiz Ferraz de Souza, Blanca Hernández-Ledesma and Adolfo J. Martinez-Rodriguez
Nutrients 2024, 16(13), 2056; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16132056 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 2150
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection affects over 50% of the world’s population and leads to chronic inflammation and gastric disorders, being the main pathogen correlated to gastric cancer development. Increasing antibiotic resistance levels are a major global concern and alternative treatments are needed. Soybean peptides [...] Read more.
Helicobacter pylori infection affects over 50% of the world’s population and leads to chronic inflammation and gastric disorders, being the main pathogen correlated to gastric cancer development. Increasing antibiotic resistance levels are a major global concern and alternative treatments are needed. Soybean peptides and other compounds might be an alternative in the treatment to avoid, eradicate and/or control symptoms of H. pylori infection. This study aimed to characterize a lunasin-enriched soybean extract (LSE) using proteomics tools and to evaluate its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties against H. pylori infection. By LC–MS/MS analysis, 124 proteins were identified, with 2S albumin (lunasin and large-chain subunits) being the fourth most abundant protein (8.9%). Lunasin consists of 44 amino acid residues and an intramolecular disulfide bond. LSE at a low dose (0.0625 mg/mL) reduced ROS production in both H. pylori-infected and non-infected AGS gastric cells. This led to a significant reduction of 6.71% in the levels of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-8. LSE also showed antibacterial activity against H. pylori, which can be attributed to other soybean proteins and phenolic compounds. Our findings suggest that LSE might be a promising alternative in the management of H. pylori infection and its associated symptoms. Full article
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11 pages, 887 KiB  
Article
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Pancreatic Cancer: An Analysis of the Blood Biomarker, r-1,t-2,3,c-4-Tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene and Selected Metabolism Gene SNPs
by Sierra Nguyen, Heather Carlson, Andrea Yoder, William R. Bamlet, Ann L. Oberg, Gloria M. Petersen, Steven G. Carmella, Stephen S. Hecht and Rick J. Jansen
Nutrients 2024, 16(5), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16050688 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1468
Abstract
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), byproducts of incomplete combustion, and their effects on the development of cancer are still being evaluated. Recent studies have analyzed the relationship between PAHs and tobacco or dietary intake in the form of processed foods and smoked/well-done [...] Read more.
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), byproducts of incomplete combustion, and their effects on the development of cancer are still being evaluated. Recent studies have analyzed the relationship between PAHs and tobacco or dietary intake in the form of processed foods and smoked/well-done meats. This study aims to assess the association of a blood biomarker and metabolite of PAHs, r-1,t-2,3,c-4-tetrahydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrophenanthrene (PheT), dietary intake, selected metabolism SNPs, and pancreatic cancer. Demographics, food-frequency data, SNPs, treatment history, and levels of PheT in plasma were determined from 400 participants (202 cases and 198 controls) and evaluated based on pancreatic adenocarcinoma diagnosis. Demographic and dietary variables were selected based on previously published literature indicating association with pancreatic cancer. A multiple regression model combined the significant demographic and food items with SNPs. Final multivariate logistic regression significant factors (p-value < 0.05) associated with pancreatic cancer included: Type 2 Diabetes [OR = 6.26 (95% CI = 2.83, 14.46)], PheT [1.03 (1.02, 1.05)], very well-done red meat [0.90 (0.83, 0.96)], fruit/vegetable servings [1.35 (1.06, 1.73)], recessive (rs12203582) [4.11 (1.77, 9.91)], recessive (rs56679) [0.2 (0.06, 0.85)], overdominant (rs3784605) [3.14 (1.69, 6.01)], and overdominant (rs721430) [0.39 (0.19, 0.76)]. Of note, by design, the level of smoking did not differ between our cases and controls. This study does not provide strong evidence that PheT is a biomarker of pancreatic cancer susceptibility independent of dietary intake and select metabolism SNPs among a nonsmoking population. Full article
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2023

Jump to: 2024

16 pages, 4115 KiB  
Article
The Hepatic Antioxidant System Damage Induced with the Cafeteria (CAF) Diet Is Largely Counteracted Using SCD Probiotics during Development of Male Wistar Rats
by Nurdan Aba, Enver Fehim Koçpınar and Taha Ceylani
Nutrients 2023, 15(21), 4557; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15214557 - 27 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1469
Abstract
The cafeteria (CAF) diet, reflective of predominant Western dietary behaviors, is implicated in hastening weight gain, subsequently resulting in health complications such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. To this end, it is vital to notice the deleterious consequences of the CAF regimen prior [...] Read more.
The cafeteria (CAF) diet, reflective of predominant Western dietary behaviors, is implicated in hastening weight gain, subsequently resulting in health complications such as obesity, diabetes, and cancer. To this end, it is vital to notice the deleterious consequences of the CAF regimen prior to the onset of complications, which is fundamental for early intervention in the context of numerous diseases. Probiotic-derived postbiotic metabolites have gained attention for their antioxidative properties, offering a potential countermeasure against oxidative stress. This research sought to discern the protective efficacy of SCD Probiotics against liver glutathione system damage arising from the CAF diet during developmental phases. Male Wistar rats, from weaning on day 21 to day 56, were categorized into four groups: a control on a conventional diet; a group on a standard diet enriched with SCD Probiotics; a mixed-diet group comprising both CAF and standard feed; and a combination diet group supplemented with SCD Probiotics. Through the application of real-time PCR, enzyme activity assessments, and quantitative metabolite analyses, our findings highlight the CAF diet’s adverse influence on the liver’s antioxidant defenses via shifts in gene expression. Yet, the inclusion of SCD Probiotics mostly ameliorated these harmful effects. Remarkably, the positive regulatory influence of SCD Probiotics on the liver’s antioxidant system was consistently observed, independent of the CAF diet’s presence. Full article
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11 pages, 4759 KiB  
Article
Investigating the Role of Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Ovarian Aging and the Potential for Nutritional Intervention
by Pei-Hsuan Lin, Wan-Ping Su, Chia-Jung Li, Li-Te Lin, Jim Jinn-Chyuan Sheu, Zhi-Hong Wen, Jiin-Tsuey Cheng and Kuan-Hao Tsui
Nutrients 2023, 15(11), 2461; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15112461 - 25 May 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3395
Abstract
With advancing age, women experience irreversible deterioration in the quality of their oocytes, resulting in reduced fertility. To gain a deeper understanding of the influence of ferroptosis-related genes on ovarian aging, we employed a comprehensive approach encompassing spatial transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, human [...] Read more.
With advancing age, women experience irreversible deterioration in the quality of their oocytes, resulting in reduced fertility. To gain a deeper understanding of the influence of ferroptosis-related genes on ovarian aging, we employed a comprehensive approach encompassing spatial transcriptomics, single-cell RNA sequencing, human ovarian pathology, and clinical biopsy. This investigation revealed the intricate interactions between ferroptosis and cellular energy metabolism in aging germ cells, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms. Our study involved 75 patients with ovarian senescence insufficiency, and we utilized multi-histological predictions of ferroptosis-related genes. Following a two-month supplementation period with DHEA, Ubiquinol CoQ10, and Cleo-20 T3, we examined the changes in hub genes. Our results showed that TFRC, NCOA4, and SLC3A2 were significantly reduced and GPX4 was increased in the supplement group, confirming our prediction based on multi-omic analysis. Our hypothesis is that supplementation would enhance the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) or electron transport chain (ETC), resulting in increased levels of the antioxidant enzyme GPX4, reduced lipid peroxide accumulation, and reduced ferroptosis. Overall, our results suggest that supplementation interventions have a notable positive impact on in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcomes in aging cells by improving metal ion and energy metabolism, thereby enhancing oocyte quality in older women. Full article
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