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Pathogens
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Foodborne Pathogens: The Antimicrobial Resistance from Farm to Fork
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Foodborne Pathogens: The Antimicrobial Resistance from Farm to Fork

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Bacterial Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 May 2025 | Viewed by 6058

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Vila Velha, Vila Velha 29102-920, ES, Brazil
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; dairy; food microbiology; foodborne pathogens; meat
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marita Vedovelli Cardozo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, Reproduction, and One Health, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; bacteriology; ESBL; virulence
Dr. Laryssa Freitas Ribeiro

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Mário Palmério University Center (UniFucamp), Av. Brasil Oeste s/n, Jardim Zenith, Monte Carmelo 38500-000, MG, Brazil
Interests: animal-derived foods; antimicrobial resistance; dairy; Escherichia coli; food microbiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Antimicrobial resistance is a growing problem that poses a significant risk to global public health. The inappropriate and excessive use of antimicrobials in primary food production, such as on farms, contributes to the development and proliferation of pathogenic bacteria capable of causing difficult-to-treat infections, including foodborne pathogens.

Moreover, food contamination, both of animal and plant origin, can occur at various stages of food production, including during industrial processing, retail sale to consumers, and household handling. It is known that food handlers themselves can be sources of contamination by these bacteria, as can insects, water, and other contamination sources.

Therefore, understanding the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Campylobacter spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, and Vibrio spp., among other foodborne bacteria, contributes to better understanding of these issues and decision-making by regulatory agencies responsible for controlling the next potential pandemic.

Recently, various modern techniques have contributed to this understanding, such as PCR and Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS), and they should be promoted to generate data that contribute to our understanding of the epidemiology and control of these microorganisms.

Thus, this Special Issue will include, but not be limited to, topics such as the following:

  • Animal-derived foods;
  • Antimicrobial resistance;
  • Enterobacteria;
  • ESBL;
  • Escherichia coli;
  • Foodborne pathogens;
  • Methicillin-resistance;
  • Plant-derived foods;
  • Staphylococcus;
  • Use of antimicrobials in farm animals.

Prof. Dr. Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi
Dr. Marita Vedovelli Cardozo
Dr. Laryssa Freitas Ribeiro
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • animal-derived foods
  • antibiotics
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • ESBL
  • food microbiology

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 4585 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Prevalence of Bacterial Pathogens and Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns of Edwardsiella piscicida in Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides) from Guangdong, China
by Weimin Huang, Changyi Lin, Caiyi Wen, Biao Jiang and Youlu Su
Pathogens 2024, 13(11), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110987 - 12 Nov 2024
Viewed by 795
Abstract
To gain insights into the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of major bacterial pathogens affecting largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, Guangdong, China, a study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022. During this period, [...] Read more.
To gain insights into the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of major bacterial pathogens affecting largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, Guangdong, China, a study was conducted from August 2021 to July 2022. During this period, bacteria were isolated and identified from the internal organs of diseased largemouth bass within the PRD region. The antimicrobial resistance patterns of 11 antibiotics approved for use in aquaculture in China were analyzed in 80 strains of Edwardsiella piscicida using the microbroth dilution method. The results showed that 151 bacterial isolates were obtained from 532 samples, with E. piscicida (17.29%, 92/532), Aeromonas veronii (4.70%, 25/532), and Nocardia seriolae (2.26%, 12/532) being the main pathogens. Notably, E. piscicida accounted for the highest proportion of all isolated bacteria, reaching 60.92% (92/151), and mainly occurred from November to April, accounting for 68.48% (63/92) of the cases. The symptoms in largemouth bass infected with E. piscicida included ascites, enteritis, and hemorrhaging of tissues and organs. The drug sensitivity results showed that the resistance rates of all E. piscicida strains to ciprofloxacin, all sulfonamides, thiamphenicol, florfenicol, enrofloxacin, doxycycline, flumequine, and neomycin were 96.25%, 60–63%, 56.25%, 43.75%, 40%, 32.5%, 16.25%, and 1.25%, respectively. In addition, 76.25% (61/80) of these strains demonstrated resistance to more than two types of antibiotics. Cluster analysis revealed 23 antibiotic types (A–W) among the 80 isolates, which were clustered into two groups. Therefore, tailored antibiotic treatment based on regional antimicrobial resistance patterns is essential for effective disease management. The findings indicate that in the event of an Edwardsiella infection in largemouth bass, neomycin, doxycycline, and flumequine are viable treatment options. Alternatively, one may choose drugs that are effective as determined by clinical drug sensitivity testing. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foodborne Pathogens: The Antimicrobial Resistance from Farm to Fork)
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18 pages, 9126 KiB  
Article
Investigation of the Antimicrobial Resistance of Important Pathogens Isolated from Poultry from 2015 to 2023 in the United States
by Asher T. Wang, Liya Tang, Andrew Gao, Ethan Zhang, Grace Huang, Justin Shen, Qian Jia and Zuyi Huang
Pathogens 2024, 13(11), 919; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13110919 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1662
Abstract
Foodborne pathogens cause around 47.8 million illnesses in the U.S. annually, with antimicrobial misuse in food production, particularly in poultry processing, contributing significantly to this public health challenge. Misuse of antimicrobials can contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and make the treatment of pathogens [...] Read more.
Foodborne pathogens cause around 47.8 million illnesses in the U.S. annually, with antimicrobial misuse in food production, particularly in poultry processing, contributing significantly to this public health challenge. Misuse of antimicrobials can contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and make the treatment of pathogens increasingly difficult. This emphasizes the need to investigate antimicrobial resistance in U.S. poultry. This study analyzes data from the NCBI Pathogen Isolates Browser (2015–2023) to explore the relationships between antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, AMR genes, and antimicrobials detected with resistance in pathogens isolated from chicken and turkey. Using principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering, we mapped and profiled regional and temporal patterns of antimicrobial resistance. Salmonella enterica was the most prevalent antimicrobial-resistant pathogen across both chicken and turkey, with notable outbreaks, particularly in the Northeast. Antimicrobial-resistant Campylobacter jejuni was more prevalent in chicken, particularly in California and Georgia, while Escherichia coli and Shigella were more prominent in turkey, with concentrated antimicrobial resistance in Texas for pathogen samples isolated from chicken. Resistance to tetracycline and streptomycin was widespread, with distinct regional clusters: antimicrobial resistance was concentrated in states like Minnesota for pathogens isolated from chicken, while AMR found in pathogens isolated from turkey was more evenly distributed across the Midwest. Key AMR genes, such as tet(A), mdsA, and mdsB, also followed similar patterns, peaking in 2019 and significantly declining by 2022. The observed decline in AMR cases may be linked to improved biosecurity measures and disruptions in detection due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This comprehensive study of antimicrobial resistance in U.S. poultry provides valuable insights into resistance trends, which provide useful information to inform targeted interventions and policies to mitigate AMR threats in the poultry production industry. For consumers, these findings emphasize the importance of proper food handling and cooking practices to reduce the risk of exposure to resistant pathogens. Regulatory authorities should focus on enforcing stricter antimicrobial usage policies and enhancing surveillance systems to sustain the reduction in AMR cases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foodborne Pathogens: The Antimicrobial Resistance from Farm to Fork)
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11 pages, 380 KiB  
Article
Escherichia coli Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance in a Swine Slaughtering Process
by Aryele Nunes da Cruz Encide Sampaio, Evelyn Fernanda Flores Caron, Camila Koutsodontis Cerqueira-Cézar, Lára Cristina Bastos Juliano, Leonardo Ereno Tadielo, Patrícia Regina Lopes Melo, Janaína Prieto de Oliveira, José Carlos de Figueiredo Pantoja, Otávio Augusto Martins, Luís Augusto Nero, Fábio Sossai Possebon and Juliano Gonçalves Pereira
Pathogens 2024, 13(10), 912; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13100912 - 19 Oct 2024
Viewed by 972
Abstract
The swine production chain can be a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli, which transfers resistance genes to other bacteria, serving as an important biomarker in the One Health approach. This study aimed to identify the frequency and antimicrobial resistance profile of E. [...] Read more.
The swine production chain can be a reservoir of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli, which transfers resistance genes to other bacteria, serving as an important biomarker in the One Health approach. This study aimed to identify the frequency and antimicrobial resistance profile of E. coli in the swine production chain, assess the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL), and compare resistance profiles across different sample types. A total of 622 samples of swine carcasses from various points of the slaughter process (n = 400), swine feces (n = 100), commercial cuts (n = 45), environment (n = 67), and feces from employees (n = 10) of a pig slaughterhouse certified by the Federal Inspection Service, located in São Paulo state, Brazil, were collected. A total of 1260 E. coli isolates were obtained from the samples, with 73.6% of the samples testing positive. The agar disk diffusion test was performed with 10 different classes of antimicrobials. To confirm the production of ESBLs, the isolates were submitted to a double-disk synergism test using cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and amoxicillin with clavulanic acid. Of the total isolates, 80.71% were multidrug resistant. All ESBL-producing isolates were multidrug resistant and resistant to amoxicillin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Isolates from human feces samples had less chance of being multidrug resistant than samples from other sources. The diversity of resistance profiles was verified in the samples, not clustering according to the sources, except for human feces isolates that clustered, evidencing lower antimicrobial resistance variability of these samples. Antimicrobial resistance is significantly present in the pork production chain, necessitating a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to effectively mitigate risks within the One Health framework. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foodborne Pathogens: The Antimicrobial Resistance from Farm to Fork)
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Review

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20 pages, 751 KiB  
Review
Aerotolerancy of Campylobacter spp.: A Comprehensive Review
by Elise Delaporte, Anand B. Karki and Mohamed K. Fakhr
Pathogens 2024, 13(10), 842; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13100842 - 28 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1131
Abstract
Campylobacter spp. constitute a group of microaerophilic bacteria that includes strains that are aerotolerant and capable of surviving in aerobic conditions. Recent studies have shown that aerotolerant strains are highly prevalent in meats, animals, and clinical settings. Changes in growth media and other [...] Read more.
Campylobacter spp. constitute a group of microaerophilic bacteria that includes strains that are aerotolerant and capable of surviving in aerobic conditions. Recent studies have shown that aerotolerant strains are highly prevalent in meats, animals, and clinical settings. Changes in growth media and other environmental conditions can affect the aerotolerance of Campylobacter strains and must be considered when studying their aerotolerance in vitro. Polymicrobial interactions and biofilms also play a significant role in the ability of Campylobacter to survive oxygen exposure. Continuous subculturing may foster aerotolerance, and studies have demonstrated a positive correlation between aerotolerance and virulence and between aerotolerance and the ability to survive stressful environmental conditions. Various mechanisms and genetic origins for aerotolerance have been proposed; however, most of the potential genes involved in aerotolerance require further investigation, and many candidate genes remain unidentified. Research is also needed to investigate if there are any clinical implications for Campylobacter aerotolerance. Understanding the aerotolerance of Campylobacter remains an important target for further research, and it will be an important step towards identifying potential targets for intervention against this clinically important food-borne pathogen. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Foodborne Pathogens: The Antimicrobial Resistance from Farm to Fork)
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