Epidemiology and Clinical Management of Respiratory Viral Diseases, from Children to Adults

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Viral Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 January 2025 | Viewed by 2595

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Interests: infectious diseases; bacterial infections; viral infections; antibiotic stewardship

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
Interests: children; child development neurological diseases; autoimmune disorders

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Respiratory viral diseases continue to pose substantial challenges to global public health, demanding a comprehensive understanding of their epidemiology and effective clinical management strategies. This special issue brings together an assemblage of cutting-edge research, presenting a multidimensional exploration of the intricate interplay between epidemiological factors, clinical interventions, and the unique considerations of pediatric patients in the context of respiratory viral infections.

In recent years, the world has witnessed the rapid emergence and re-emergence of respiratory viruses, underscoring the need for an in-depth analysis of their transmission dynamics, risk factors, and impact on vulnerable populations. This collection of articles delves into the epidemiology of various respiratory viruses, ranging from well-known culprits such as influenza and rhinoviruses to novel threats like coronaviruses. Through epidemiological investigations, the contributors unravel patterns of spread, genetic variations, and the role of environmental factors, thereby enriching our grasp of disease dissemination.

Equally vital is the exploration of clinical management strategies that mitigate the burden of respiratory viral diseases. This special issue synthesizes research on diagnostic approaches, antiviral therapies, vaccination efforts, and the particular challenges faced when treating pediatric patients. By elucidating the nuances of host-pathogen interactions, contributors illuminate potential avenues for targeted therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, the collection underscores the pivotal role of vaccinations in controlling outbreaks and averting potential pandemics.

As editors of this special issue, we are gratified to present a compendium of research that not only advances our knowledge of respiratory viral disease epidemiology but also contributes to the refinement of clinical practices. We extend our sincere gratitude to the authors whose insightful contributions enrich this discourse, fostering a deeper understanding of these diseases and inspiring future breakthroughs in epidemiology, clinical management, and pediatric care.

Dr. Bruno Cacopardo
Dr. Andrea Marino
Dr. Caterina Ledda
Dr. Piero Pavone
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • respiratory viruses
  • viral pneumonia
  • emerging respiratory viruses
  • antiviral therapy
  • epidemiology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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11 pages, 2192 KiB  
Article
Seasonal Patterns of Common Respiratory Viral Infections in Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed Patients
by Fotis Theodoropoulos, Anika Hüsing, Ulf Dittmer, Karl-Heinz Jöckel, Christian Taube and Olympia E. Anastasiou
Pathogens 2024, 13(8), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13080704 - 20 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 738
Abstract
Introduction: Several respiratory viruses have been shown to have seasonal patterns. The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare these patterns in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients for five different respiratory viruses. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of results for 13,591 [...] Read more.
Introduction: Several respiratory viruses have been shown to have seasonal patterns. The aim of our study was to evaluate and compare these patterns in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients for five different respiratory viruses. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of results for 13,591 respiratory tract samples for human metapneumovirus (HMPV), influenza virus, parainfluenza virus (PIV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed patients. A seasonal pattern was aligned to the data of immunocompetent patients through a logistic regression model of positive and negative test results. Results: A narrow seasonal pattern (January to March) was documented for HMPV. Most RSV infections were detected in the winter and early spring months, from December to March, but occasional cases of RSV could be found throughout the year. The peak season for PIV-3 was during the summer months, and that for PIV-4 was mostly in autumn. A narrow seasonal pattern emerged for influenza virus as most infections were detected in the winter, in January and February. The seasonal patterns of HMPV, RSV, PIV, and influenza virus were similar for both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Conclusions: We found no difference in the seasonality of HMPV, RSV, PIV, and influenza virus infections between immunosuppressed and immunocompetent hosts. Full article
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6 pages, 463 KiB  
Case Report
Coronavirus OC43 and Influenza H3N2 Concomitant Unilateral Parotitis: The Importance of Laboratory Tests in Mumps-Like Parotitis
by Serena Spampinato, Piero Pavone, Giovanni Cacciaguerra, Salvatore Cocuzza, Emmanuele Venanzi Rullo, Silvia Marino, Andrea Marino and Giuseppe Nunnari
Pathogens 2023, 12(11), 1309; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12111309 - 2 Nov 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1321
Abstract
Mumps is an acute generalized infection caused by a Paramyxovirus. Infection occurs mainly in school-aged children and adolescents and the most prominent clinical manifestation is nonsuppurative swelling and tenderness of the salivary glands, unilaterally or bilaterally. Negative serology for mumps requires a [...] Read more.
Mumps is an acute generalized infection caused by a Paramyxovirus. Infection occurs mainly in school-aged children and adolescents and the most prominent clinical manifestation is nonsuppurative swelling and tenderness of the salivary glands, unilaterally or bilaterally. Negative serology for mumps requires a differential diagnosis with other infectious agents, but it is not routine. An 11-year-old girl presented with fever and right-sided parotitis and a negative serology for Mumps. A respiratory panel revealed the presence of Coronavirus OC43 and influenza virus H3N2. Parotitis may be caused by the parainfluenza virus, Epstein–Barr virus, influenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus, or other viruses in addition to noninfectious causes such as drugs, immunologic diseases, or obstruction of the salivary tract as predisposing factors. In this case, Coronavirus OC43 and influenza virus H3N2 were detected. The H3N2 has been already reported in the literature, whereas Coronavirus OC43 has never been associated with parotitis before; although, in the present case, the association of the two viruses does not let us conclude which of the two was responsible for the disease. Full article
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