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Pathogens
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ParaFishControl: Advanced Tools and Research Strategies for Parasite Control in...
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ParaFishControl: Advanced Tools and Research Strategies for Parasite Control in European Farmed Fish

A special issue of Pathogens (ISSN 2076-0817). This special issue belongs to the section "Parasitic Pathogens".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 11345

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Andrea Gustinelli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
Interests: fish parasites; fish parasitic diseases; fish-borne zoonotic parasites
Dr. M. Carla Piazzon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Spain
Interests: fish immunology; fish parasites; host-pathogen interactions; aquaculture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue will focus on the results achieved during the 5-year project (2015–2020) ParaFishControl still to be published. Disease prevention and management are essential to the sustainability of the European aquaculture industry. Among other disease-related threats, parasites and related infections can cause significant damage to farmed fish species and can result in poor growth performance, impaired welfare, and high mortality rates with significant consequences in terms of production and economic performance. A great effort has already been made within the project period and this Special Issue aims to provide ParaFishControl participants with the opportunity to publish original research outcomes.

We look forward to publishing your latest research with new findings on fish parasites.

Dr. Andrea Gustinelli
Dr. M. Carla Piazzon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pathogens is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ParaFishControl
  • Aquaculture
  • Fish parasites

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 1489 KiB  
Article
Plant- and Bacteria-Derived Compounds with Anti-Philasterides dicentrarchi Activity
by Rosa Ana Sueiro, José Manuel Leiro, Verónica Blanco-Abad, Jos Raaijmakers, Irene de Bruijn, Ron P. H. Dirks and Jesús Lamas
Pathogens 2022, 11(2), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11020267 - 18 Feb 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2318
Abstract
Philasterides dicentrarchi is a scuticociliate that causes high mortalities in farmed fish. Although vaccination is an effective method to prevent scuticociliatosis caused by the homologous serotype, a universal vaccine has not been developed yet. Many compounds have been shown to be toxic to [...] Read more.
Philasterides dicentrarchi is a scuticociliate that causes high mortalities in farmed fish. Although vaccination is an effective method to prevent scuticociliatosis caused by the homologous serotype, a universal vaccine has not been developed yet. Many compounds have been shown to be toxic to this ciliate species; moreover, most of them are toxic to aquatic life and cannot be used to prevent the disease. We have evaluated the toxicity to P. dicentrarchi of several compounds of natural origin to be used to reduce parasite levels in the seawater. Ciliates were exposed to several compound concentrations, and the mortality was determined at several incubation times. Tomatine, plumbagin and 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone displayed the highest anticiliate activity, with a dose-dependent response. The effects of these compounds on the EPC cell line were also evaluated, finding that 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone displayed the lowest toxicity to fish cells. At 7.54 μM, 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone inhibited 50% parasite growth but only killed about 10% of EPC cells after 24 h incubation. Finally, we evaluated the toxicity of Pseudomonas H6 surfactant (PS) to P. dicentrarchi, finding that PS was toxic to the ciliate but showed lower toxicity to EPC cells. At a concentration of 7.8 μg/mL (LC50 for the ciliate after 3 h incubation), PS killed 14.9% of EPC cells. We conclude that 2′,4′-dihydroxychalcone, and PS could be used to reduce parasite levels in seawater, thus decreasing the risk of scuticociliatosis infection in cultured fish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ParaFishControl: Advanced Tools and Research Strategies for Parasite Control in European Farmed Fish)
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12 pages, 7017 KiB  
Article
News Insights into the Host-Parasite Interactions of Amyloodiniosis in European Sea Bass: A Multi-Modal Approach
by Michela Massimo, Donatella Volpatti, Marco Galeotti, James E. Bron and Paola Beraldo
Pathogens 2022, 11(1), 62; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11010062 - 4 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2344
Abstract
Amyloodiniosis is a disease resulting from infestation by the ectoparasitic dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum (AO) and is a threat for fish species such as European sea bass (ESB, Dicentrarchus labrax), which are farmed in lagoon and land-based rearing sites. During the summer, when [...] Read more.
Amyloodiniosis is a disease resulting from infestation by the ectoparasitic dinoflagellate Amyloodinium ocellatum (AO) and is a threat for fish species such as European sea bass (ESB, Dicentrarchus labrax), which are farmed in lagoon and land-based rearing sites. During the summer, when temperatures are highest, mortality rates can reach 100%, with serious impacts for the aquaculture industry. As no effective licensed therapies currently exist, this study was undertaken to improve knowledge of the biology of AO and of the host-parasite relationship between the protozoan and ESB, in order to formulate better prophylactic/therapeutic treatments targeting AO. To achieve this, a multi-modal study was performed involving a broad range of analytical modalities, including conventional histology (HIS), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Gills and the oro-pharyngeal cavity were the primary sites of amyloodiniosis, with hyperplasia and cell degeneration more evident in severe infestations (HIS). Plasmacells and macrophages were localised by IHC and correlated with the parasite burden in a time-course experimental challenge. CLSM allowed reconstruction of the 3D morphology of infecting trophonts and suggested a protein composition for its anchoring and feeding structures. These findings provide a potential starting point for the development of new prophylactic/therapeutic controls. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ParaFishControl: Advanced Tools and Research Strategies for Parasite Control in European Farmed Fish)
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8 pages, 800 KiB  
Article
Evidence of IgE-Mediated Cross-Reactions between Anisakis simplex and Contracaecum osculatum Proteins
by Foojan Mehrdana, María Lavilla, Per Walter Kania, Miguel Ángel Pardo, María Teresa Audicana, Natividad Longo and Kurt Buchmann
Pathogens 2021, 10(8), 950; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080950 - 28 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2091
Abstract
Fish consumers may develop allergic reactions following the ingestion of fish products containing nematode larvae within the genus Anisakis. Sensitized patients may cross-react with proteins from insects, mites and mollusks, leading to allergic reactions even in the absence of the offending food. [...] Read more.
Fish consumers may develop allergic reactions following the ingestion of fish products containing nematode larvae within the genus Anisakis. Sensitized patients may cross-react with proteins from insects, mites and mollusks, leading to allergic reactions even in the absence of the offending food. Potential cross-reactivity in Anisakis-allergic patients with larval proteins from other zoonotic parasites present in freshwater and sea fish should be investigated due to an increasing occurrence in certain fish stocks, particularly Contracaecum osculatum. In this work, we evaluated IgE-cross reactions by in vivo (skin prick tests with parasites extracts) and in vitro methods (IgE-ELISA and IgE-immunoblot). In vivo skin prick tests (SPT) proved the reactivity of Anisakis-sensitized patients when exposed to C. osculatum antigens. Sera from Anisakis-sensitized patients confirmed the reaction with somatic antigens (SA) and excretory/secretory proteins (ES) from C. osculatum. Only anecdotal responses were obtained from other freshwater worm parasites. Consequently, it is suggested that Anisakis-sensitized humans, especially patients with high levels of specific anti-Anisakis antibodies, may react to C. osculatum proteins, possibly due to IgE-mediated cross-reactivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ParaFishControl: Advanced Tools and Research Strategies for Parasite Control in European Farmed Fish)
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16 pages, 2883 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Potential Transfer of the Pathogen Saprolegnia parasitica between Farmed Salmonids and Wild Fish
by Perla Tedesco, Marcia Saraiva, Jose Vladimir Sandoval-Sierra, Maria Letizia Fioravanti, Benedetto Morandi, Javier Dieguez-Uribeondo, Pieter van West and Roberta Galuppi
Pathogens 2021, 10(8), 926; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10080926 - 22 Jul 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3745
Abstract
Saprolegnia infections are among the main parasitic diseases affecting farmed salmonids. The distribution and potential transfer of Saprolegnia spp. between farms and the natural environment has been scarcely investigated. Therefore, this work aimed to study the diversity and abundance of oomycete species in [...] Read more.
Saprolegnia infections are among the main parasitic diseases affecting farmed salmonids. The distribution and potential transfer of Saprolegnia spp. between farms and the natural environment has been scarcely investigated. Therefore, this work aimed to study the diversity and abundance of oomycete species in salmonid farms, tributary water, and effluent water systems. Four trout farms in Italy and two Atlantic salmon farms in Scotland were considered. In Italian farms, 532 isolates of oomycetes were obtained from fish and water, at upstream, inside, and downstream the farms. In Scottish farms, 201 oomycetes isolates were obtained from water outside the farm and from fish and water inside the farming units. Isolates were identified to the species level through amplification and sequencing of the ITS rDNA region. In Italy, S. parasitica was significantly more present in farmed than in wild fish, while in water it was more frequently isolated from the wild, particularly in effluent systems, not associated with more frequent isolation of S. parasitica in wild fish downstream the farm. In Scotland, S. parasitica was the most prevalent species isolated from fish, while isolates from water were mostly Pythium spp. with few S. parasitica isolates from upstream and downstream the farms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue ParaFishControl: Advanced Tools and Research Strategies for Parasite Control in European Farmed Fish)
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