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Pharmaceuticals
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Therapeutic Methods Against Acute and Chronic Diseases and Oxidative Stress
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Therapeutic Methods Against Acute and Chronic Diseases and Oxidative Stress

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Medicinal Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 April 2025 | Viewed by 1572

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Yanka Karamalakova

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Trakia University, 11 Armeiska Str., 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Interests: natural antioxidants; synthetic drugs; antioxidant compounds; cellular protective mechanism; cellular functionality; oxidative stress; ROS/RNS; lipid peroxidation; inflammation; ROS/RNS metabolisms; fibrosis; preterm pregnancy; neurodegenerative disease; D-ROM test; cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Pharmaceuticals, “Therapeutic Methods Against Acute and Chronic Diseases and Oxidative Stress”, aims to provide a comprehensive, multidisciplinary overview of the current knowledge in this field.

Oxidative stress or the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) is a major factor in the characterization of acute and chronic diseases, including liver changes, pulmonary fibrosis, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, nephrological and neurodegenerative disorders, toxicoses, etc. In this respect, acute and chronic diseases with short/long-term and localized/or non-localized response can contribute to health problems. This Special Issue has a multifaceted focus on modulating oxidative stress and subsequent inflammatory diseases through effective antioxidants from various natural or synthetic agents, with anti-inflammatory mechanisms counteracting acute and chronic pathologies. Effective antioxidants from various natural or synthetic agents have beneficial effects and are key factors in therapy. Chemical molecules isolated from natural sources and synthetic drug discoveries can neutralize reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS), counteract oxidative damage, interrupt ROS/RNS-mediated chain reactions, and improve redox potential, i.e., by influencing the metabolic imbalance. These molecules offer cellular protection mediated by macromolecular activity and influence epigenetic mechanisms altered by chronic or acute activators of oxidative stress. Understanding the mechanism of organ protection in different model systems is challenging but necessary.

We invite authors to submit original research articles and reviews that focus on the biochemical functions and therapeutic potential of chemical molecules isolated from natural sources and synthetic drug discovery. Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Natural antioxidant;
  • Synthetic agents;
  • Acute diseases induction;
  • Chronic diseases induction;
  • Metabolic/signaling pathways;
  • Immune-regulatory function;
  • Reactive oxygen/nitrogen species;
  • Biomarkers of oxidative stress;
  • Inflammatory markers;
  • Antioxidant system;
  • Ferroptosis;
  • Post-symptomatic COVID-19 therapies based on protection with natural sources or synthetic drugs.

Dr. Yanka Karamalakova
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceuticals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • natural antioxidant
  • synthetic agents
  • acute diseases
  • chronic diseases
  • oxidative stress

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 3680 KiB  
Article
Possibility of Using NO Modulators for Pharmacocorrection of Endothelial Dysfunction After Prenatal Hypoxia
by Igor Belenichev, Olena Popazova, Oleh Yadlovskyi, Nina Bukhtiyarova, Victor Ryzhenko, Sergii Pavlov, Valentyn Oksenych and Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(1), 106; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18010106 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 583
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia (PH) is a key factor in the development of long-term cardiovascular disorders, which are caused by various mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction (ED), including those associated with NO deficiency. This emphasizes the potential of therapeutic agents with NO modulator properties, such as [...] Read more.
Prenatal hypoxia (PH) is a key factor in the development of long-term cardiovascular disorders, which are caused by various mechanisms of endothelial dysfunction (ED), including those associated with NO deficiency. This emphasizes the potential of therapeutic agents with NO modulator properties, such as Thiotriazoline, Angiolin, Mildronate, and L-arginine, in the treatment of PH. Methods: Pregnant female rats were given a daily intraperitoneal dose of 50 mg/kg of sodium nitrite starting on the 16th day of pregnancy. A control group of pregnant rats received saline instead. The resulting offspring were divided into the following groups: Group 1—intact rats; Group 2—rat pups subjected to prenatal hypoxia (PH) and treated daily with physiological saline; and Groups 3 to 6—rat pups exposed to prenatal hypoxia and treated daily from the 1st to the 30th day after birth. Levels of sEPCR, Tie2 tyrosine kinase, VEGF-B, SOD1/Cu-Zn SOD, GPX4, and GPX1 in the heart’s cytosolic homogenate were assessed using ELISA. The expression of VEGF and VEGF-B mRNA was analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction, and the nuclear area of myocardial microvessel endothelial cells was evaluated morphometrically. Results: We have shown that only two representatives of this group—Angiolin and Thiotriazoline—are able to exert full effect on the indices of endothelial dysfunction after PH to decrease sEPCR, increase Tie-2, VEGF-B and VEGF-B mRNA, Cu/ZnSOD, and GPX in myocardial cytosol, and increase the area of endotheliocyte nuclei in 1- and 2-month-old rats in comparison with the control. Conclusions: Our results experimentally substantiate the necessity of early postnatal cardio- and endothelioprotection using NO modulators, taking into account the role of NO-dependent mechanisms in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular system disorders in neonates after PH. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Methods Against Acute and Chronic Diseases and Oxidative Stress)
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26 pages, 10278 KiB  
Article
Sambucus nigra-Lyophilized Fruit Extract Attenuated Acute Redox–Homeostatic Imbalance via Mutagenic and Oxidative Stress Modulation in Mice Model on Gentamicin-Induced Nephrotoxicity
by Kamelia Petkova-Parlapanska, Ivaylo Stefanov, Julian Ananiev, Tsvetelin Georgiev, Petya Hadzhibozheva, Veselina Petrova-Tacheva, Nikolay Kaloyanov, Ekaterina Georgieva, Galina Nikolova and Yanka Karamalakova
Pharmaceuticals 2025, 18(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18010085 - 13 Jan 2025
Viewed by 769
Abstract
Background: Gentamicin (GM) administration is associated with decreased metabolism, increased oxidative stress, and induction of nephrotoxicity. Sambucus nigra L., containing flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phytosterols, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the nephroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of lyophilized [...] Read more.
Background: Gentamicin (GM) administration is associated with decreased metabolism, increased oxidative stress, and induction of nephrotoxicity. Sambucus nigra L., containing flavonoids, anthocyanins, and phytosterols, possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the nephroprotective and anti-inflammatory potential of lyophilized Sambucus nigra fruit extract (S. nigra extract) to reduce acute oxidative stress and residual toxicity of GM in a 7-day experimental model in Balb/c rodents. Methods: The S. nigra extract was lyophilized (300 rpm; 10 min; −45 °C) to improve pharmacological properties. Balb/c mice were divided into four (n = 6) groups: controls; S. nigra extract per os (120 mg kg−1 day−1 bw); GM (200 mg kg−1 day−1 bw) (4); and GM + S. nigra therapy. The activities of antioxidant and renal enzymes, cytokines, and levels of oxidative stress biomarkers—Hydroxiproline, CysC, GST, KIM-1, PGC-1α, MDA, GSPx—were analyzed by ELISA tests. The ROS and RNS levels, as well as 5-MSL-protein oxidation, were measured by EPR spectroscopy. Results: The antioxidant-protective effect of S. nigra extract (120 mg kg−1) was demonstrated by reduced MDA, ROS, and RNS and increased activation of endogenous enzymes. Furthermore, S. nigra extract significantly reduced the expression of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and KIM-1 and regulated collagen/protein (PGC-1α and albumin) deposition in renal tissues. Conclusions: Histological evaluation confirmed that S. nigra (120 mg kg−1) attenuated renal dysfunction and structural damage by modulating oxidative stress and acute inflammation and could be used as an anti-fibrotic alternative in GM nephrotoxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Methods Against Acute and Chronic Diseases and Oxidative Stress)
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