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Pharmaceuticals
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Pharmacological Advances for Treatment in Hypertension
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Pharmacological Advances for Treatment in Hypertension

A special issue of Pharmaceuticals (ISSN 1424-8247). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 17367

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados, Brazil
Interests: antihypertensive; antiatherogenic; cardioprotective; diuretic; lipid-lowering; vasodilator
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Noncommunicable diseases, especially cardiovascular diseases are the main leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Hypertension is the main aggravating risk factors and can negatively impact the incidence, severity, and clinical course of several types of cardiovascular disease, directly contributing to a complex set of pathological interactions. The relationship between hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders can lead to a higher risk of undesirable outcomes in several patient groups. Moreover, hypertension is also considered an independent determinant of cardiovascular disease. Among the therapeutic options available to treat hypertension, synthetic drugs, as well as herbal medicines, stand out. Medicinal plants have been applied since ancient times and remain a significant therapeutic resource worldwide. Despite their widespread use, many compounds have not experienced careful scientific investigation, whether they are studies of efficacy, toxicity, or drug-to-drug interactions. In addition, there are systematic efforts to discover new therapeutic options for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.

In this Special Issue, we would like to invite investigators to submit preclinical or clinical studies focusing on the pharmacological advances for the treatment of hypertension

We will consider both original research and review articles.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Animal models of cardiovascular disease associated with hypertension;
  • Isolation and characterization of natural products with antihypertensive effects;
  • News synthetic drugs useful in the treatment of hypertension;
  • Preclinical and clinical trials of synthetic drugs and plant-derived medicines such as antihypertensive agents;
  • Systematic or narrative reviews of synthetic drugs and natural products with antihypertensive properties;
  • Synergistic effects of synthetic drugs and natural products on hypertension treatment.

Prof. Dr. Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Pharmaceuticals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antihypertensive
  • cardioprotective
  • herbal medicine
  • hypertension
  • medicinal plants

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review, Other

3 pages, 168 KiB  
Editorial
Pharmacological Advances for Treatment in Hypertension
by Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
Pharmaceuticals 2024, 17(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17010039 - 27 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1447
Abstract
Hypertension plays a significant role in the development of cardiovascular disease and renal diseases, which can heighten the likelihood of experiencing related conditions like myocardial infarction, stroke, and heart failure [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacological Advances for Treatment in Hypertension)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review, Other

20 pages, 4429 KiB  
Article
Metabolomic Profile, Plasmatic Levels of Losartan and EXP3174, Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Patients and Their Correlation with COVID-19
by Kamila A. Queiroz, Everton P. Vale, Manuel Martín-Pastor, Lílian G. S. Sólon and Francisco F. O. Sousa
Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(9), 1290; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16091290 - 13 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1427
Abstract
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and is related to serious health complications. It has been pointed out as a major risk factor for COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the [...] Read more.
Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is one of the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide and is related to serious health complications. It has been pointed out as a major risk factor for COVID-19. This study aimed to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the metabolomic profile, the correlation with the plasmatic levels of losartan and its active metabolite (EXP3174), biochemical markers, and blood pressure (BP) control in hypertensive patients. 1H NMR metabolomic profiles of hypertensive and normotensive patients with and without previous COVID-19 diagnosis were identified. Plasmatic levels of LOS and EXP3174 were correlated with BP, biochemical markers, and the metabolomic fingerprint of the groups. Biomarkers linked to important aspects of SAH and COVID-19 were identified, such as glucose, glutamine, arginine, creatinine, alanine, choline, erythritol, homogentisate, 0-tyrosine, and 2-hydroxybutyrate. Those metabolites are indicative of metabolic alterations, kidney damage, pulmonary dysfunction, and persistent inflammation, which can be found in both diseases. Some hypertensive patients did not reach the therapeutic levels of LOS and EXP3174, while the BP control was also limited among the normotensive patients with previous COVID-19 diagnoses. Metabolomics proved to be an important tool for assessing the effectiveness of losartan pharmacotherapy and the damage caused by SAH and COVID-19 in hypertensive patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacological Advances for Treatment in Hypertension)
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13 pages, 4043 KiB  
Article
A New Approach for the Development of Multiple Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Two Rat Models of Hypertension
by Karyne Garcia Tafarelo Moreno, Aline Aparecida Macedo Marques, Gabriela Pereira da Silva, Bethânia Rosa Lourençone, Clara Soligo Fortini, Patrícia Regina Terço Leite, Ariany Carvalho dos Santos, Roosevelt Isaías Carvalho Souza, Leila Isabel da Siva and Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(7), 853; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15070853 - 12 Jul 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2089
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases. There is a lack of valid animal models that mimic associations among multiple cardiovascular risk factors in humans. The present study developed an animal model that uses multiple cardiovascular risk factors—namely, [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among non-communicable diseases. There is a lack of valid animal models that mimic associations among multiple cardiovascular risk factors in humans. The present study developed an animal model that uses multiple cardiovascular risk factors—namely, hypertension, hypothyroidism, and a high-fat diet (HFD). Two models of hypertension were used: renovascular hypertension (two-kidney, one clip [2K1C]) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). The naive group was composed of normotensive rats. Twelve weeks after surgery to induce renovascular hypertension, rats in the 2K1C and SHR groups underwent thyroidectomy. The HFD was then implemented for 6 weeks. Renal function, serum redox status, biochemical CVD markers, electrocardiographic profile, blood pressure, mesenteric vascular bed reactivity, histopathology, and morphometry were investigated. Both experimental models induced dyslipidemia, renal function impairment, and hepatic steatosis, accompanied by higher levels of different inflammatory markers and serum oxidative stress. These alterations contributed to end-organ damage in all hypertensive rats. Our findings corroborate a viable alternative model that involves multiple cardiovascular risk factors and resembles conditions that are seen in humans. Both models mimicked CVD, but our data show that SHRs exhibit more significant pathophysiological changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacological Advances for Treatment in Hypertension)
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15 pages, 5815 KiB  
Article
Bioactive Peptides and Exercise Modulate the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α/FOXO3 Pathway as a Therapeutic Approach for Hypertensive Rats
by Jou-Hsuan Ho, Rathinasamy Baskaran, Ming-Fu Wang, Hong-Siang Yang, Yun-Hsin Lo, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh and Wan-Teng Lin
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(7), 819; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15070819 - 1 Jul 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2572
Abstract
Peptides are fragments of fundamental protein sequences that may have health benefits in addition to basic dietary benefits. Recently, we have reported on the pharmacological benefits of alcalase potato protein hydrolysate (APPH) and bioactive peptides isolated from APPH. The aim was to evaluate [...] Read more.
Peptides are fragments of fundamental protein sequences that may have health benefits in addition to basic dietary benefits. Recently, we have reported on the pharmacological benefits of alcalase potato protein hydrolysate (APPH) and bioactive peptides isolated from APPH. The aim was to evaluate the synergistic effect of exercise along with DIKTNKPVIF (DF) peptides in ameliorating hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) rats. We examined ECG parameters, lipid profiles, cardiac markers, and histology, and quantified the proteins associated with fibrosis, hypertrophy, apoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, and longevity pathways. DF peptide administration, along with exercise, reduced the blood pressure and cardiac marker levels in serum. Furthermore, it also suppressed the expression of fibrosis markers COL1A1, CTGF, and uPA and downregulated cardiac-hypertrophy-associated markers such as calcineurin, NFATC3, GATA4, pGATA4 and BNP. Exercise synergistically increases the expression of IFG1, PI3K, and AKT cell-survival pathway proteins, along with DF administration. Moreover, AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α/FOXO3 pathway protein expression was increased with the combinatorial administration of DF and exercise. Our data suggest that exercise, along with DF peptides, act synergistically in alleviating hypertension by activating the mitochondrial biogenesis pathway. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacological Advances for Treatment in Hypertension)
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17 pages, 4285 KiB  
Article
Adrenomedullin Improves Cardiac Remodeling and Function in Obese Rats with Hypertension
by Pei Qian, Qian Wang, Fang-Zheng Wang, Hang-Bing Dai, Hong-Yu Wang, Qing Gao, Hong Zhou and Ye-Bo Zhou
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(6), 719; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15060719 - 6 Jun 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3001
Abstract
This study aimed to determine whether adrenomedullin (ADM, 7.2 μg/kg/day, ip), an important endogenous active peptide, has a protective role in cardiac remodeling and function in obesity-related hypertension (OH) rats. A high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce OH for 20 weeks. H9c2 [...] Read more.
This study aimed to determine whether adrenomedullin (ADM, 7.2 μg/kg/day, ip), an important endogenous active peptide, has a protective role in cardiac remodeling and function in obesity-related hypertension (OH) rats. A high-fat diet (HFD) was used to induce OH for 20 weeks. H9c2 cells incubated with palmitate (PA, 200 μM) to mimic high free fatty acid in obesity were used as an in vitro model. In OH rats, ADM not only decreased body weight (BW) and blood pressure (BP) but also improved systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Moreover, ADM still had a greater inhibitory effect on local inflammation and oxidative stress in the hearts of OH rats, and the same anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects were also confirmed in PA-treated H9c2 cells. The ADM receptor antagonist or Akt inhibitor effectively attenuated the inhibitory effects of ADM on inflammation and oxidative stress in PA-stimulated H9c2 cells. Furthermore, ADM application effectively normalized heart function, and hematoxylin-eosin and Masson staining and collagen volume fraction results showed that ADM improved cardiac remodeling in hearts of OH rats. ADM attenuated cardiac inflammation and oxidative stress via the receptor-Akt pathway, which involves the improvement of cardiac remodeling and function in OH rats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacological Advances for Treatment in Hypertension)
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Review

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39 pages, 1950 KiB  
Review
Why Multitarget Vasodilatory (Endo)cannabinoids Are Not Effective as Antihypertensive Compounds after Chronic Administration: Comparison of Their Effects on Systemic and Pulmonary Hypertension
by Patryk Remiszewski and Barbara Malinowska
Pharmaceuticals 2022, 15(9), 1119; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph15091119 - 7 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3030
Abstract
Systemic and pulmonary hypertension are multifactorial, high-pressure diseases. The first one is a civilizational condition, and the second one is characterized by a very high mortality rate. Searching for new therapeutic strategies is still an important task. (Endo)cannabinoids, known for their strong vasodilatory [...] Read more.
Systemic and pulmonary hypertension are multifactorial, high-pressure diseases. The first one is a civilizational condition, and the second one is characterized by a very high mortality rate. Searching for new therapeutic strategies is still an important task. (Endo)cannabinoids, known for their strong vasodilatory properties, have been proposed as possible drugs for different types of hypertension. Unfortunately, our review, in which we summarized all publications found in the PubMed database regarding chronic administration of (endo)cannabinoids in experimental models of systemic and pulmonary hypertension, does not confirm any encouraging suggestions, being based mainly on in vitro and acute in vivo experiments. We considered vasodilator or blood pressure (BP) responses and cardioprotective, anti-oxidative, and the anti-inflammatory effects of particular compounds and their influence on the endocannabinoid system. We found that multitarget (endo)cannabinoids failed to modify higher BP in systemic hypertension since they induced responses leading to decreased and increased BP. In contrast, multitarget cannabidiol and monotarget ligands effectively treated pulmonary and systemic hypertension, respectively. To summarize, based on the available literature, only (endo)cannabinoids with a defined site of action are recommended as potential antihypertensive compounds in systemic hypertension, whereas both mono- and multitarget compounds may be effective in pulmonary hypertension. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacological Advances for Treatment in Hypertension)
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Other

31 pages, 5758 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effect of Medication Therapy Management by Pharmaceutical Care on Blood Pressure and Cardiovascular Risk in Hypertension: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Meta-Regression
by Maurilio de Souza Cazarim, Estael Luzia Coelho Cruz-Cazarim, Kathleen Boyd, Olivia Wu and Altacílio Aparecido Nunes
Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16(6), 845; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph16060845 - 6 Jun 2023
Viewed by 2736
Abstract
Medication therapy management by pharmaceutical care (MTM-PC) has been shown to improve the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatments. The aim was to answer the question: what are the MTM-PC models and their impact on hypertensive patients’ outcomes? This is a systematic review with meta-analysis. [...] Read more.
Medication therapy management by pharmaceutical care (MTM-PC) has been shown to improve the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatments. The aim was to answer the question: what are the MTM-PC models and their impact on hypertensive patients’ outcomes? This is a systematic review with meta-analysis. The search strategies were run on 27 September 2022 in the following databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, LILACs, Central Cochrane Library, Web of Science; and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. The quality and bias risk was assessed by the Downs and Black instrument. Forty-one studies met the eligibility criteria and were included, Kappa = 0.86; 95% CI, 0.66–1.0; (p < 0.001). Twenty-seven studies (65.9%) had MTM-PC models outlined by the clinical team, showing as characteristics the mean of 10.0 ± 10.7 months of follow-up of hypertensive patients, with 7.7 ± 4.9 consultations. Instruments to assess the quality of life measured the enhancement by 13.4 ± 10.7% (p = 0.047). The findings of the meta-analysis show a mean reduction of −7.71 (95% CI, −10.93 to −4.48) and −3.66 (95% CI, −5.51 to −1.80), (p < 0.001) in mmHg systolic and diastolic pressures, respectively. Cardiovascular relative risk (RR) over ten years was 0.561 (95% CI, 0.422 to 0.742) and RR = 0.570 (95% CI, 0.431 to 0.750), considering homogeneous studies, I² = 0%. This study shows the prevalence of MTM-PC models outlined by the clinical team, in which there are differences according to the models in reducing blood pressure and cardiovascular risk over ten years with the improvement in quality of life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pharmacological Advances for Treatment in Hypertension)
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