Advances in Eco-Friendly Polyurethane Foams and Adhesives

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Networks".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 1969

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Wood Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
2. CERNAS Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
Interests: liquefaction; polyurethane foams; lignocellulosic composites; lignocellulosic materials
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Guest Editor
1. Department of Environmental Engineering, Polytechnic Institute of Viseu, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
2. CERNAS Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, 3504-510 Viseu, Portugal
Interests: liquefaction; polyurethane foams; lignocellulosic composites; lignocellulosic materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polyurethanes result from the condensation reaction between polyols and isocyanates. By varying the proportions of these compounds and incorporating different additives, a range of products such as foams, films, or adhesives can be manufactured. Historically, both polyols and isocyanates have been derived from petroleum sources. However, recent efforts have been directed towards the utilization of lignocellulosic materials for polyol production, employing techniques like the use of vegetable oils or liquefied lignocellulosic materials. At the same time, non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) represents a promising advancement in polymeric materials, offering an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional polyurethane foams or adhesives that rely on isocyanate chemistry. NIPU is synthesized using chemical routes that do not involve the use of isocyanates, addressing concerns related to toxicity, handling hazards, and environmental impact associated with conventional polyurethane production. 

Both foams and adhesives are highly versatile materials with different applications. Polyurethane foams, in particular, offer numerous advantages such as low density, low thermal conductivity, and excellent mechanical properties. One of their key benefits is the ability to adjust their density and rigidity to meet market demands. Flexible polyurethane foams are extensively used in furniture manufacturing for cushions, mattresses, and sofas, as well as in automotive applications for bumpers, seats, and upholstery. Rigid polyurethane foams find utility in construction for acoustic and thermal insulation, among other uses. On the other hand, polyurethane adhesives are considered ideal for bonding wood to wood or wood to other materials and are commonly used in furniture assembly, cabinet making, and woodworking applications. Additionally, they are employed in automotive, construction, electronics, footwear, marine, and aerospace applications due to their ability to adhere to diverse materials. While polyurethane adhesives offer numerous advantages, it is crucial to assess each application's specific requirements to select the most appropriate adhesive for optimal performance.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present the advances in the production of eco-friendly polyurethanes in the form of foams, films, or adhesives for various applications, particularly within the following topics: 

  • Effect of formulation in shaping polyurethane foam, films, or adhesives properties;
  • New process technologies for polyurethane production;
  • Use of novel bio-based materials to substitute the polyol in polyurethane foams, films, or adhesives;
  • Recycling of polyurethane wastes;
  • Use of polyurethane foams in 3D printing;
  • Non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) synthesis methods, process optimization, and environmental impact;
  • Enhancement of polyurethane foam, films, or adhesives properties.

Prof. Dr. Bruno Esteves
Prof. Dr. Luisa Paula Cruz Lopes
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • adhesives
  • foams
  • lignocellulosic materials
  • NIPU
  • polyurethane

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

12 pages, 2002 KiB  
Article
FTIR Monitoring of Polyurethane Foams Derived from Acid-Liquefied and Base-Liquefied Polyols
by Yuliya Dulyanska, Luísa Cruz-Lopes, Bruno Esteves, Raquel Guiné and Idalina Domingos
Polymers 2024, 16(15), 2214; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16152214 - 3 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1229
Abstract
Polyalcohol liquefaction can be performed by acid or base catalysis, producing polyols with different properties. This study compared the mechanical properties of foams produced using polyols from liquefied Cytisus scoparius obtained by acid and base catalysis and using two different foam catalysts. The [...] Read more.
Polyalcohol liquefaction can be performed by acid or base catalysis, producing polyols with different properties. This study compared the mechanical properties of foams produced using polyols from liquefied Cytisus scoparius obtained by acid and base catalysis and using two different foam catalysts. The differences were monitored using FTIR analysis. Acid-catalyzed liquefaction yielded 95.1%, with the resultant polyol having an OH index of 1081 mg KOH/g, while base catalysis yielded 82.5%, with a similar OH index of 1070 mg KOH/g. Generally, compressive strength with dibutyltin dilaurate (DBTDL) ranged from 16 to 31 kPa (acid-liquefied polyol) and 12 to 21 kPa (base-liquefied polyol), while with stannous octoate (TIN), it ranged from 17 to 42 kPa (acid) and 29 to 68 kPa (base). Increasing water content generally decreased the compressive modulus and strength of the foams. Higher water content led to a higher absorption at 1670 cm−1 in the FTIR spectrum due to the formation of urea. Higher isocyanate indices generally improved compressive strength, but high amounts led to unreacted isocyanate that could be seen by a higher absorption at 2265 cm−1 and 3290 cm−1. DBTL was shown to be the best foam catalyst due to higher trimer conversion seen in the spectra by a higher absorption at 1410 cm−1. Acid- and base-derived polyols lead to different polyurethane foams with different FTIR spectra, particularly with a higher absorption at 1670 cm−1 for foams from acid-derived liquefaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Eco-Friendly Polyurethane Foams and Adhesives)
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