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New Studies on Polymer-Based Sensors
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New Studies on Polymer-Based Sensors

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 March 2024) | Viewed by 7988

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yusen Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
Interests: bioinspired materials; stimuli-responsive polymers; flexible electronics; soft actuators; soft robotics
Dr. Songsong Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
Interests: molecular electronics; neuromorphic computing; bioelectronics; polymer chemistry
Dr. Xudong Ji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
Interests: biosensor; bioelectronics; neuromorphic device; organic transistor; electrochemistry; flexible device

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Polymer-based sensors, constructed of polymeric materials, are designed to detect a variety of signals, such as temperature, humidity, pressure, strain, and chemical species. In recent years, these types of sensors have shown great promise due to their versatility, low cost, mechanical compliance, and facile fabrication. Emerging studies in the field have focused on improving the sensitivity, selectivity, biocompatibility, and stability of polymer-based sensors, and developing new types of polymers and sensor architectures. The continued development of polymer-based sensors has the potential to revolutionize a wide range of industrial applications.

We invite submissions of original research articles on polymer-based sensors that utilize unique micro-/nano-structures, functional materials, and novel fabrication techniques to create sensors with enhanced performance. We are also interested in studies that demonstrate practical applications, such as robotics, healthcare, environmental monitoring, and security.

Dr. Yusen Zhao
Dr. Songsong Li
Dr. Xudong Ji
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sensors
  • polymers
  • hydrogels
  • elastomers
  • composites
  • flexible
  • biocompatible

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4542 KiB  
Article
PVA/PANI-DBSA Nanomesh Tactile Sensor for Force Feedback
by Boyi Wang, Rong Du, Yi Liu and Han Song
Polymers 2024, 16(11), 1449; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16111449 - 21 May 2024
Viewed by 855
Abstract
Touch serves as an important medium for human–environment interaction. The piezoresistive tactile sensor has attracted much attention due to its convenient technology, simple principle, and convenient signal acquisition and analysis. In this paper, conductive beads-on-string polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyaniline doped with dodecyl benzene sulfonic [...] Read more.
Touch serves as an important medium for human–environment interaction. The piezoresistive tactile sensor has attracted much attention due to its convenient technology, simple principle, and convenient signal acquisition and analysis. In this paper, conductive beads-on-string polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/polyaniline doped with dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid (PANI-DBSA) nanofibers were fabricated via the electrospinning technique. Due to the special nanostructure of PVA-coated PANI-DBSA, the tactile sensor presented a wide measuring range of 12 Pa–121 kPa and appreciable sensitivity of 8.576 kPa−1 at 12 Pa~484 Pa. In addition, the response time and recovery time of the sensor were approximately 500 ms, demonstrating promising prospects in the field of tactile sensing for active upper limb prostheses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Studies on Polymer-Based Sensors)
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14 pages, 7710 KiB  
Article
Thermosensitive Scattering Hydrogels Based on Triblock Poly-Ethers: A Novel Approach to Solar Radiation Regulation
by Dewei Qian, Siyu Yang, Xiaofang Wang, Yang Tian and Weijia Wen
Polymers 2024, 16(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16010008 - 19 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1107
Abstract
Energy conservation in buildings is paramount, especially considering that glass accounts for 50% of energy consumption. The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of glass is a critical energy-saving index for transparent structures. However, the fixed SHGC of ordinary glass makes it difficult to [...] Read more.
Energy conservation in buildings is paramount, especially considering that glass accounts for 50% of energy consumption. The solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) of glass is a critical energy-saving index for transparent structures. However, the fixed SHGC of ordinary glass makes it difficult to provide both summer shading and winter heating. In this study, we synthesized a hydrogel with a thermosensitive scattering (TS) property using triblock polyether and acrylamide. This hydrogel can realize the transition of clearness and atomization based on the temperature. When sealed within a glass cavity, it exhibits a high SHGC of 0.682 in its transparent state and a low SHGC of less than 0.31 when atomized. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the TS glass can be adjusted from 0 to 70 °C to suit different regions. The photothermal properties of the material remained stable after 200 hot and cold cycles and 200 h of ultraviolet irradiation. This glass can prevent solar radiation from entering the room in summer, thereby reducing air conditioning usage and power consumption. In winter, it allows solar heat radiation to enter the room, minimizing the need for artificial heating. Its adaptable temperature design makes it an excellent solution for designers to create energy-efficient building exteriors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Studies on Polymer-Based Sensors)
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14 pages, 6242 KiB  
Article
Highly Sensitive Temperature Sensor Based on Vernier Effect Using a Sturdy Double-cavity Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer
by Miguel Á. Ramírez-Hernández, Monserrat Alonso-Murias and David Monzón-Hernández
Polymers 2023, 15(23), 4567; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15234567 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1240
Abstract
Temperature measuring is a daily procedure carried out worldwide in practically all environments of human activity, but it takes particular relevance in industrial, scientific, medical, and food processing and production areas. The characteristics and performance of the temperature sensors required for such a [...] Read more.
Temperature measuring is a daily procedure carried out worldwide in practically all environments of human activity, but it takes particular relevance in industrial, scientific, medical, and food processing and production areas. The characteristics and performance of the temperature sensors required for such a large universe of applications have opened the opportunity for a comprehensive range of technologies and architectures capable of fulfilling the sensitivity, resolution, dynamic range, and response time demanded. In this work, a highly sensitive fiber optic temperature sensor based on a double-cavity Fabry-Perot interferometer (DCFPI) is proposed and demonstrated. Taking advantage of the Vernier effect, we demonstrate that it is possible to improve the temperature sensitivity exhibited by the polymer-capped fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (PCFPI) up to 39.8 nm/°C. The DCFPI is sturdy, reconfigured, and simple to fabricate, consisting of a semi-spherical polymer cap added to the surface of the ferrule of a commercial single-mode fiber connector (SMF FC/PC) placed in front of a mirror at a proper distance. The length of the air cavity (Lair) was adjusted to equal the thickness of the polymer cap (Lpol) plus a distance δ to generate the most convenient Vernier effect spectrum. The DCFPI was packaged in a machined, movable mount that allows the adjustment of the air cavity length easily but also protects the polymer cap and simplifies the manipulation of the sensor head. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Studies on Polymer-Based Sensors)
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15 pages, 2680 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of Single Crystal and Polymeric Pyroelectric Detectors in the 0.9–2.0 THz Range Using Monochromatic Laser Radiation of the NovoFEL
by Anatoly R. Melnikov, Evgeny V. Kalneus, Yaroslav V. Getmanov, Darya A. Shevchenko, Vasily V. Gerasimov, Oleg A. Anisimov, Matvey V. Fedin and Sergey L. Veber
Polymers 2023, 15(20), 4124; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15204124 - 18 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1442
Abstract
The development of efficient and reliable sensors operating at room temperature is essential to advance the application of terahertz (THz) science and technology. Pyroelectric THz detectors are among the best candidates, taking into account their variety, outstanding performance, ease of fabrication, and robustness. [...] Read more.
The development of efficient and reliable sensors operating at room temperature is essential to advance the application of terahertz (THz) science and technology. Pyroelectric THz detectors are among the best candidates, taking into account their variety, outstanding performance, ease of fabrication, and robustness. In this work, we compare the performance of six different detectors, based on either LaTiO3 crystal or different polymeric films, using monochromatic radiation of the Novosibirsk Free Electron Laser facility (NovoFEL) in the frequency range of 0.9–2.0 THz. The main characteristics, including noise equivalent power and frequency response, were determined for all of them. Possible reasons for the differences in the obtained characteristics are discussed on the basis of the main physicochemical characteristics and optical properties of the sensitive area. At least three detectors showed sufficient sensitivity to monitor the shape and duration of the THz macropulses utilizing only a small fraction of the THz radiation from the primary beam. This capability is crucial for accurate characterization of THz radiation during the main experiment at various specialized endstations at synchrotrons and free electron lasers. As an example of such characterization, the typical stability of the average NovoFEL radiation power at the beamline of the electron paramagnetic resonance endstation was investigated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Studies on Polymer-Based Sensors)
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16 pages, 3259 KiB  
Article
Utilization of a TiO2–CuO Bimetallic/Polyaniline Nanocomposite as a Transducer in a Solid Contact Potentiometric Sensor for the Determination of Vildagliptin
by Nehad A. Abdallah, Sameh A. Ahmed, Mohammed Almaghrabi and Yaser M. Alahmadi
Polymers 2023, 15(19), 3991; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15193991 - 4 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1127
Abstract
Current fundamental electrochemical research shows the potential of utilizing polymeric nanostructured materials as ion-to-electron transducers. In this paper, aniline was polymerized in the presence of TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles to yield a bimetallic/PANI nanocomposite. It was applied as a transducer in a [...] Read more.
Current fundamental electrochemical research shows the potential of utilizing polymeric nanostructured materials as ion-to-electron transducers. In this paper, aniline was polymerized in the presence of TiO2 and CuO nanoparticles to yield a bimetallic/PANI nanocomposite. It was applied as a transducer in a carbon paste electrode for the potentiometric determination of vildagliptin in the presence of 18-crown-6-ether as a recognition element. The electrode’s potentiometric performance was studied according to the IUPAC guidelines. It exhibited a wide linearity range of 1 × 10−2 M to 1 × 10−8 M, remarkable sensitivity (LOD of 4.5 × 10−9 M), and a fast response time of 10 s ± 1.3. The sensor did not show any potential drift due to the absence of the water layer between the carbon paste and the metallic conductor. This endowed the sensor with high stability and a long lifetime, as 137 days passed without the need to change the carbon paste surface. The electrode was utilized for the determination of the concentration of vildagliptin in bulk, pharmaceutical tablets, and human plasma, with average recovery ranging from 97.65% to 100.03%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Studies on Polymer-Based Sensors)
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16 pages, 2463 KiB  
Article
Fabrication and Applications of Potentiometric Membrane Sensors Based on γ-Cyclodextrin and Calixarene as Ionophores for the Determination of a Histamine H1-Receptor Antagonist: Fexofenadine
by Haitham Alrabiah, Essam A. Ali, Rashad A. Alsalahi, Mohamed W. Attwa and Gamal A. E. Mostafa
Polymers 2023, 15(13), 2808; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15132808 - 25 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1509
Abstract
Supramolecular fexofenadine sensors have been constructed. Although noncovalent intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, which are far weaker than covalent contacts, are the main focus of supramolecular chemistry, they can be used to create sensors with an exceptional affinity for a target analyte. The objective [...] Read more.
Supramolecular fexofenadine sensors have been constructed. Although noncovalent intermolecular and intramolecular interactions, which are far weaker than covalent contacts, are the main focus of supramolecular chemistry, they can be used to create sensors with an exceptional affinity for a target analyte. The objective of the current research study is to adapt two PVC membrane sensors into an electrochemical approach for the dosage form determination of histamine H1-receptor antagonists: fexofenadine. The general performance characteristics of two new modified potentiometric membrane sensors responsive to fexofenadine hydrochloride were established. The technique was based on the employment of γ-cyclodextrin (CD) (sensor 1), 4-tert-butylcalix[8]arene (calixarene) (sensor 2) as an ionophore, potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate (KTpClPB) as an ion additive, and (o-NPOE) as a plasticizer for sensors 1 and 2. The sensors showed fast responses over a wide fexofenadine concentration range (1 × 10−2 to 4.5 (4.7) × 10−6 M), with detection limits of 1.3 × 10−6 M and 1.4 × 10−6 M for sensors 1 and 2, respectively, in the pH range of 2–8. The tested sensors exhibit the fexofenadine near-Nernstian cationic response at 56 and 58 mV/decade for sensors 1 and 2, respectively. The sensors exhibit good stability, fast response times, accuracy, precision, and longer life for fexofenadine. Throughout the day and between days, the sensors exhibit good recovery and low relative standard deviations. Fexofenadine in its pure, dose form has been identified with success using the modified sensors. The sensors were employed as end-point indications for the titration of fexofenadine with NaTPB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Studies on Polymer-Based Sensors)
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