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Polymers
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Carbon-Based Materials and Their Composites: Synthesis and Application
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Carbon-Based Materials and Their Composites: Synthesis and Application

A special issue of Polymers (ISSN 2073-4360). This special issue belongs to the section "Polymer Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 14721

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yubing Hu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Special Superfine Powder Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
Interests: advanced composite; mechanical properties; nanoparticles
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Fan Guo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
Interests: assembled materials; lightweight materials; mechanical properties; manufacture

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We have been asked by the Editor of Polymers (MDPI) to coordinate a Special Issue entitled “Carbon-Based Materials and Their Composites: Synthesis and Application”.

This Special Issue of Polymers comprises papers that cover a range of design, synthesis, development, modelling, mechanical, and manufacturing characteristics, as well as the application of carbon fibers and their composites.

We believe that the reader of this Special Issue will benefit from the new ideas and results presented in these papers. You are welcome to submit your research works to this Special Issue.

Dr. Yubing Hu
Dr. Fan Guo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Polymers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • carbon fiber
  • nanofiller, nanocomposite
  • polymer
  • advanced manufacture
  • additive manufacturing
  • light weight
  • mechanical properties
  • numerical simulation

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 5396 KiB  
Article
Effects of Vinyl Functionalized Silica Particles on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Liquid Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites
by Yulong Zhang, Wei Liu, Qiang Zhou, Yiting Meng, Ye Zhong, Jing Xu, Chuan Xiao, Guangpu Zhang and Yanan Zhang
Polymers 2023, 15(5), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15051224 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2805
Abstract
It is very important to develop a new method of preparing high-performance liquid silicone rubber-reinforcing filler. Herein, the hydrophilic surface of silica (SiO2) particles was modified by a vinyl silazane coupling agent to prepare a new type of hydrophobic reinforcing filler. [...] Read more.
It is very important to develop a new method of preparing high-performance liquid silicone rubber-reinforcing filler. Herein, the hydrophilic surface of silica (SiO2) particles was modified by a vinyl silazane coupling agent to prepare a new type of hydrophobic reinforcing filler. The structures and properties of modified SiO2 particles were confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS), specific surface area and particle size distribution and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the results of which demonstrated that the aggregation of hydrophobic particles is greatly reduced. Additionally, the effects of the vinyl-modified SiO2 particle (f-SiO2) content on the dispersibility, rheology, and thermal and mechanical properties of liquid silicone rubber (SR) composites were studied for application toward high-performance SR matrix. The results showed that the f-SiO2/SR composites possessed low viscosity and higher thermal stability, conductivity, and mechanical strength than of SiO2/SR composites. We believe that this study will provide ideas for the preparation of high-performance liquid silicone rubber with low viscosity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Materials and Their Composites: Synthesis and Application)
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15 pages, 4252 KiB  
Article
Interfacial Engineering of Leaf-like Bimetallic MOF-Based Co@NC Nanoarrays Coupled with Ultrathin CoFe-LDH Nanosheets for Rechargeable and Flexible Zn-Air Batteries
by Jinliang Ma, Longlong Liu, Zihao Chen, Minghui Wang, Han Wu, Hongmiao Wang, Ding Yuan and Xin Ning
Polymers 2023, 15(3), 734; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15030734 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2708
Abstract
Exploring high-efficiency, low-cost, and long-life bifunctional self-supporting electrocatalysts is of great significance for the practical application of advanced rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs), especially flexible solid-state ZABs. Herein, ultrathin CoFe-layered double hydroxide (CoFe-LDH) nanosheets are strongly coupled on the surface of leaf-like bimetallic metal-organic [...] Read more.
Exploring high-efficiency, low-cost, and long-life bifunctional self-supporting electrocatalysts is of great significance for the practical application of advanced rechargeable Zn-air batteries (ZABs), especially flexible solid-state ZABs. Herein, ultrathin CoFe-layered double hydroxide (CoFe-LDH) nanosheets are strongly coupled on the surface of leaf-like bimetallic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-derived hybrid carbon (Co@NC) nanoflake nanoarrays supported by carbon cloth (CC) via a facile and scalable method for rechargeable and flexible ZABs. This interfacial engineering for CoFe-LDHs on Co@NC improves the electronic conductivity of CoFe-LDH nanosheets as well as achieves the balance of oxygen evolution reduction (OER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. The unique three-dimensional (3D) open interconnected hierarchical structure facilitates the transport of substances during the electrochemical process while ensuring adequate exposure of OER/ORR active centers. When applied as an additive-free air cathode in rechargeable liquid ZABs, CC/Co@NC/CoFe-LDH-700 demonstrates high open-circuit potential of 1.47 V, maximum power density of 129.3 mW cm−2, and satisfactory specific capacity of 710.7 mAh g−1Zn. Further, the flexible all-solid-state ZAB assembled by CC/Co@NC/CoFe-LDH-700 displays gratifying mechanical flexibility and stable cycling performance over 40 h. More significantly, the series-connected flexible ZAB is further verified as a chain power supply for LED strips and performs well throughout the bending process, showing great application prospects in portable and wearable electronics. This work sheds new light on the design of high-performance self-supporting non-precious metal bifunctional electrocatalysts for OER/ORR and air cathodes for rechargeable ZABs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Materials and Their Composites: Synthesis and Application)
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14 pages, 2921 KiB  
Article
Preparation and Process Parameter Optimization of Continuous Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polycarbonate Prepreg Filament
by Xun Chen, Yesong Wang, Manxian Liu, Sheng Qu, Qing Zhang and Shuguang Chen
Polymers 2023, 15(3), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym15030607 - 24 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2568
Abstract
Continuous fiber-reinforced composite 3D printing (CFRC 3DP) has become a hot topic of interest for many experts and scholars. Continuous fiber-reinforced prepreg filament (CFRPF) for printing needs to be prepared in advance. In this paper, on the basis of the resin fusion impregnation [...] Read more.
Continuous fiber-reinforced composite 3D printing (CFRC 3DP) has become a hot topic of interest for many experts and scholars. Continuous fiber-reinforced prepreg filament (CFRPF) for printing needs to be prepared in advance. In this paper, on the basis of the resin fusion impregnation theory, a fabrication device was designed for continuous carbon fiber-reinforced polycarbonate prepreg filament (CCFRPF). Then, according to the orthogonal test and the TOPSIS entropy weight optimization theory, the optimization method for CFRPF/PC preparation process parameters was proposed, and the relationship between the preparation process parameters and the performance indexes was discussed. The results show that when preparing CCFRPF/PC, the weight of diameter performance index is the largest, about 0.75. The optimal combination of process parameters for CCFRPF/PC is, respectively, 285 °C for the outlet mold temperature, 305 °C for the impregnation mold temperature, and 1 m/min for the winding speed. In this case, the diameter, roundness, minimum curvature radius and tensile strength of 0.375 mm, 29.4 μm, 9.775 mm and 1298 MPa were achieved, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Materials and Their Composites: Synthesis and Application)
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18 pages, 8558 KiB  
Article
Molecular Dynamic Simulations and Experiments Study on the Mechanical Properties of HTPE Binders
by La Shi, Xiaolong Fu, Yang Li, Shuxin Wu, Saiqin Meng and Jiangning Wang
Polymers 2022, 14(24), 5491; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14245491 - 15 Dec 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1789
Abstract
The mechanical properties of HTPE binders have been systemically studied through combining the microstructure molecular simulations with macroscopic experiments. In this study, the crosslinking structures of HTPE binders were established by a computational procedure. Based on the optimized crosslinking models, the mechanical properties [...] Read more.
The mechanical properties of HTPE binders have been systemically studied through combining the microstructure molecular simulations with macroscopic experiments. In this study, the crosslinking structures of HTPE binders were established by a computational procedure. Based on the optimized crosslinking models, the mechanical properties and the glass transition temperatures (Tg) of HTPE/N-100, HTPE/HDI, HTPE/TDI, and HTPE/IPDI binder systems were simulated; specifically, the Tg were 245.758 K, 244.573 K, 254.877 K, and 240.588 K, respectively. Then the bond-length distributions, conformation properties, cohesive energy densities, and fraction free volume were investigated to analyze how the microstructures of the crosslinking models influenced the mechanical properties of HTPE binders. Simultaneously, FTIR-ATR spectra analysis of HTPE binders proved that the special peaks, such as -NH and -NCO, could be seen in the crosslinking polyurethane structures synthesized between prepolymers and curing agents. The dynamic mechanical analysis was carried out, and it found that the Tg of HTPE/N-100, HTPE/HDI, HTPE/TDI, and HTPE/IPDI binder systems were −68.18 °C, −68.63 °C, −65.67 °C, and −68.66 °C, respectively. In addition, the uniaxial tension verified that both the ultimate stress and Young’s modulus of HTPE binder systems declined with the rising temperatures, while the strains at break presented a fluctuant variation. When it was closer to glass temperatures, especially −40 °C, the mechanical properties of HTPE binders were more prominent. The morphology of the fractured surface revealed that the failure modes of HTPE binders were mainly intermolecular slipping and molecular chain breakage. In a word, the experimental results were prospectively satisfied using the simulations, which confirmed the accuracy of the crosslinking models between prepolymers and curing agents. This study could provide a scientific option for the HTPE binder systems and guide the design of polyurethanes for composite solid propellant applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Materials and Their Composites: Synthesis and Application)
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14 pages, 6187 KiB  
Article
Improvement in Migration Resistance of Hydroxyl-Terminated Polybutadiene (HTPB) Liners by Using Graphene Barriers
by Yanan Zhang, Yu Tian, Yulong Zhang, Xuelong Fu, Hao Li, Zhehong Lu, Tengyue Zhang and Yubing Hu
Polymers 2022, 14(23), 5213; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14235213 - 30 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1843
Abstract
The excessive migration of plasticizers leads to debonding and cracking of a liner, which can compromise the safety of a solid propellant. Graphene oxide (GO), with a laminar structure as a filler, can effectively reduce the migration of plasticizers. In this study, we [...] Read more.
The excessive migration of plasticizers leads to debonding and cracking of a liner, which can compromise the safety of a solid propellant. Graphene oxide (GO), with a laminar structure as a filler, can effectively reduce the migration of plasticizers. In this study, we modified GO using toluene diisocyanate (TDI). The cross-link density of the substrate was increased by grafting isocyanate groups to obtain a denser liner for the purpose of preventing plasticizer migration. We also used octadecylamine (ODA) to modify GO by grafting negatively charged amide groups on the GO surface. The electrostatic repulsive effect of the amide group on the plasticizer molecules was used to prevent plasticizer migration. Two modified GOs were filled into the hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene to prepare two composite liners. We then investigated the migration resistance and migration kinetics of each modified liner using the dipping method. In addition, we explored the mechanical properties of each modified liner. Compared with the original liner, the anti-migration and mechanical properties of the modified composite liners were significantly improved. Among them, the TDI-modified liner had the most obvious improvement in migration resistance, while the ODA-modified liner had the greatest improvement in bonding properties. All types of liners met the requirements of the current propellant systems. This study provides an effective reference for improving the migration resistance and bonding properties of the composite liner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Materials and Their Composites: Synthesis and Application)
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20 pages, 8693 KiB  
Article
Crushing Characteristics Comparison between Aluminum/CFRP and Aluminum/CFRP/Aluminum Hybrid Tubes
by Fei Ge, Yuan Lin, Fukai Zhang, Zhongwei Zhang and Mingyang Wang
Polymers 2022, 14(19), 4034; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym14194034 - 26 Sep 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2142
Abstract
This study experimentally investigated the axial crushing characteristics of the hybrid tubes with the configuration of aluminum/carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) (1/1) and aluminum/CFRP/aluminum (2/1). The effects of geometry size and fiber lay-up sequence on the axial crushing energy-absorption performances and failure modes of [...] Read more.
This study experimentally investigated the axial crushing characteristics of the hybrid tubes with the configuration of aluminum/carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) (1/1) and aluminum/CFRP/aluminum (2/1). The effects of geometry size and fiber lay-up sequence on the axial crushing energy-absorption performances and failure modes of the two types of hybrid tubes were compared. The results showed that the energy absorption of the specimens with [0°/90°] lay-up sequence was better than that of the ones with [45°/−45°] lay-up sequence for both types of hybrid tubes. The proper length of the tubes should be selected to avoid too small a length-to-diameter ratio so that a stable and controllable progressive crushing failure mode can be achieved. When the crushing failure process was relatively stable, the specific energy absorption and crushing force efficiency of the 2/1 hybrid tubes were not affected by the geometric size. The energy absorption of the hybrid tubes was higher than the sum of the energy absorption of all the corresponding individual tubes, showing a positive hybrid effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon-Based Materials and Their Composites: Synthesis and Application)
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