Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena in Energy Systems

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 2507

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu-shi 400-8511, Yamanashi-ken, Japan
Interests: flow visualization; temperature measurement; LIF; PIV; air conditioning

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to serve as a leading international platform for the exchange of fundamental ideas in heat and mass transfer among researchers and engineers globally. The focus is on theoretical, computational, and experimental research, with an emphasis on contributions that enhance the understanding of transfer processes and their engineering applications. The issue aims to disseminate information of enduring interest in heat and mass transfer, publishing fundamental research applicable to thermal energy and mass transfer in all fields of mechanical engineering and related disciplines. It also includes archival research on thermophysical properties and the theory of heat and mass transfer, with the aim of advancing fundamental knowledge and fostering novel technological applications.

We are honored to serve as an enabler of information exchange among mechanical, chemical, biomedical, nuclear, and aeronautical engineers, students, and researchers. We prioritize original experimental and analytical research in heat transfer, thermal power, and fluid dynamics in this Special Issue. It considers a wide range of scholarly papers on enhanced heat and mass transfer in natural and forced convection of liquids and gases. The objective is to provide a platform for sharing the latest research, innovations, and insights on sustainable energy storage and conversion. 

The journal covers a wide range of topical areas, including but not limited to the following:

  • Combustion and reactive flows;
  • Conduction;
  • Electronic and photonic cooling;
  • Evaporation, boiling, and condensation;
  • Experimental techniques;
  • Forced convection;
  • Heat exchanger fundamentals;
  • Heat transfer enhancement;
  • Combined heat and mass transfer;
  • Heat transfer in materials processing and formation;
  • Jets, wakes, and impingement cooling;
  • Melting and solidification;
  • Microscale and nanoscale heat and mass transfer;
  • Natural and mixed convection;
  • Porous media;
  • Radiative heat transfer;
  • Solar-thermal processes;
  • Thermal systems;
  • Two-phase flow and heat transfer;
  • Gas turbines;
  • Biotechnology;
  • Electronic and photonic equipment;
  • Energy systems;
  • Fire and combustion;
  • Heat pipes;
  • Manufacturing;
  • Low-temperature heat transfer;
  • Refrigeration and air conditioning;
  • Renewable energy components;
  • Multiphase devices;
  • Microscale and nanoscale materials and devices;
  • Thermal component and system design;
  • Optimization;
  • Mathematical modeling;
  • Non-Newtonian fluids;
  • Emerging technologies;
  • Micro-channels;
  • Fuel cells;
  • Biotechnology;
  • Nanotechnology;
  • Biomedical applications;
  • Thermophysical properties;
  • Interface phenomena;
  • Bioheat transfer.

Dr. Shumpei Funatani
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heat exchanger fundamentals
  • heat transfer enhancement
  • combined heat and mass transfer
  • natural and mixed convection
  • refrigeration and air conditioning
  • renewable energy components

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 23105 KiB  
Article
Ex Ante Construction of Flow Pattern Maps for Pulsating Heat Pipes
by Ali Ahmed Alqahtani and Volfango Bertola
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2585; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112585 - 18 Nov 2024
Viewed by 321
Abstract
A novel methodology is proposed for the development of empirical flow pattern maps for pulsating heat pipes (PHPs), which relies on the concept of virtual superficial velocity of the liquid and vapour phases. The virtual superficial velocity of each phase is defined using [...] Read more.
A novel methodology is proposed for the development of empirical flow pattern maps for pulsating heat pipes (PHPs), which relies on the concept of virtual superficial velocity of the liquid and vapour phases. The virtual superficial velocity of each phase is defined using solely the design and operational parameters of the pulsating heat pipe, allowing the resulting flow pattern map to serve as a predictive instrument. This contrasts with existing flow pattern maps that necessitate direct measurements of temperatures and/or velocities within one or more channels of the pulsating heat pipe. Specifically, the virtual superficial velocities are derived from the relative significance of the driving forces and the resistances encountered by each phase during flow. The proposed methodology is validated using flow visualisation datasets obtained from two separate experimental campaigns conducted on flat-plate polypropylene pulsating heat pipe prototypes featuring transparent walls and meandering channels with three turns, five turns, seven turns, and eleven turns, respectively. The PHP prototypes were tested for gravity levels ranging between 0 g and 1 g and heat inputs ranging from 5 W to 35 W. The proposed approach enables the identification of empirical boundaries for flow pattern transitions as well as the establishment of an empirical criterion for start-up. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena in Energy Systems)
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27 pages, 8454 KiB  
Article
Comparative Techno-Economic Analysis of Parabolic Trough and Linear Fresnel Collectors with Evacuated and Non-Evacuated Receiver Tubes in Different Geographical Regions
by Mehdi Shokrnia, Mattia Cagnoli, Roberto Grena, Antonio D’Angelo, Michela Lanchi and Roberto Zanino
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2376; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112376 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 604
Abstract
In the context of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology, this paper presents a comparison between the Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) and the Linear Fresnel Collector (LFC), considering both evacuated and non-evacuated receiver tubes. The comparison was carried out in terms of the Levelized [...] Read more.
In the context of Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) technology, this paper presents a comparison between the Parabolic Trough Collector (PTC) and the Linear Fresnel Collector (LFC), considering both evacuated and non-evacuated receiver tubes. The comparison was carried out in terms of the Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) considering a reference year and four locations in the world, characterized by different levels of direct normal irradiation (DNI) from 2183 kWh/m2/year to 3409 kWh/m2/year. The LCOE depends on economic parameters and on the net energy generated by a plant on an annual basis. The latter was determined by a steady-state 1D model that solved the energy balance along the receiver axis. This model required computing the incident solar power and heat losses. While the solar power was calculated by an optical ray-tracing model, heat losses were computed by a lumped-parameter model developed along the radial direction of the tube. Since the LFC adopted a secondary concentrator, no conventional correlation was applicable for the convective heat transfer from the glass cover to the environment. Therefore, a 2D steady-state CFD model was also developed to investigate this phenomenon. The results showed that the PTC could generate a higher net annual energy compared to the LFC due to a better optical performance ensured by the parabolic solar collector. Nevertheless, the difference between the PTC and the LFC was lower in the non-evacuated tubes because of lower heat losses from the LFC receiver tube. The economic analysis revealed that the PTC with the evacuated tube also achieved the lowest LCOE, since the higher cost with respect to both the LFC system and the non-evacuated PTC was compensated by the higher net energy yield. However, the non-evacuated LFC demonstrated a slightly lower LCOE compared to the non-evacuated PTC since the lower capital cost of the non-evacuated LFC outweighed its lower net annual energy yield. Finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the impact on the LCOE of the annual optical efficiency and of the economic parameters. This study introduces key technical parameters in LFC technology requiring improvement to achieve the level of productivity of the PTC from a techno-economic viewpoint, and consequently, to fill the gap between the two technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena in Energy Systems)
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14 pages, 5197 KiB  
Article
Numerical Modeling and Experimental Validation of Icing Phenomena on the External Surface of a U-Bend Tube
by Shehryar Ishaque, Sana ur Rehman and Man-Hoe Kim
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2366; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112366 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 565
Abstract
The regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a crucial process that involves certain challenges created by the low temperature of LNG and the risk of ice formation on the external surfaces of the tubes of heat exchangers, which can hinder heat transfer [...] Read more.
The regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a crucial process that involves certain challenges created by the low temperature of LNG and the risk of ice formation on the external surfaces of the tubes of heat exchangers, which can hinder heat transfer and increase flow resistance. This study presents a numerical model for ice formation on the external surface of the U-bend tube of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. The numerical model has been further enhanced by applying a custom user-defined function. The numerical results were validated using experimental data and demonstrated excellent predictive capability, particularly for the surface temperature of the tubes and the thickness of the ice layer. Hence, this model can reliably capture the overall behavior of the ice formation on the external surfaces of the tubes of shell-and-tube heat exchangers. By highlighting the importance of maintaining stable heat transfer conditions to prevent freezing, this study offers valuable insights that can guide the optimization of heat exchanger designs for LNG regasification. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena in Energy Systems)
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Review

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36 pages, 3503 KiB  
Review
Production of Biodiesel from Industrial Sludge: Recent Progress, Challenges, Perspective
by Yashar Aryanfar, Ali Keçebaş, Arash Nourbakhsh Sadabad, Jorge Luis García Alcaraz, Julio Blanco Fernandez and Wei Wu
Processes 2024, 12(11), 2517; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12112517 - 12 Nov 2024
Viewed by 617
Abstract
This study investigated biodiesel production from industrial sludge, focusing on the feasibility and sustainability of converting waste materials into renewable energy sources. This study combines a comparative analysis of various sludge-based biodiesel production methods, highlighting both their environmental benefits and economic potential. Utilizing [...] Read more.
This study investigated biodiesel production from industrial sludge, focusing on the feasibility and sustainability of converting waste materials into renewable energy sources. This study combines a comparative analysis of various sludge-based biodiesel production methods, highlighting both their environmental benefits and economic potential. Utilizing physical, chemical, and biological pre-treatments, this study optimizes biodiesel yield while assessing the impact of each method on the overall production efficiency. Key findings revealed that industrial sludge provides a viable feedstock, contributes to waste reduction, and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. The novel contributions of this study include a detailed economic assessment of biodiesel production from sludge and a comprehensive environmental impact evaluation that quantifies the potential sustainability benefits. Limitations related to scale-up processes are identified, and solutions to overcome these issues are discussed to improve industrial feasibility. Furthermore, the integration of sludge-based biodiesel production with other renewable energy systems has been explored as a future avenue to enhance energy efficiency and sustainability. This research contributes to a significant scientific niche by addressing scalability challenges and proposing future perspectives for sustainable biodiesel production from industrial waste. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer Phenomena in Energy Systems)
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