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Processes
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Recent Development of Mixing in Chemical Processes
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Recent Development of Mixing in Chemical Processes

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 8546

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ricardo Santos

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering – Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials (LSRE-LCM), Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Engenharia, Porto, Portugal
Interests: mixing in chemical reactors; mesoreactors; reactive polymerization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Margarida Brito

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
1. LSRE-LCM - Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materuals, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
2. ALiCE – Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Interests: mixing; rheology; chemical reactors; CFD

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Science in chemical reactors has evolved significantly with CFD dissemination and advanced experimental techniques such as LDA, PIV, PLIF and ERT. These tools enable a better knowledge of classic equipment and potentiate introducing novel mixers, namely static meso- and micro-sized devices. This issue of Processes will disseminate recent advances in mixing science and technologies in chemical processes. Experimental and numerical works are welcome, contributing to advancing knowledge and technology on classical and novel mixing equipment and applications.

Dr. Ricardo Santos
Dr. Margarida Brito
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mixing in chemical reactors
  • CFD
  • mixers
  • static meso- and micro-sized devices
  • mixing technologies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 6191 KiB  
Article
Effect of Jet Nozzle Position on Mixing Time in Large Tanks
by Timothy Ayodeji Oluwadero, Catherine Xuereb, Joelle Aubin and Martine Poux
Processes 2023, 11(7), 2200; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11072200 - 22 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1636
Abstract
The present investigation focuses on the impact of jet nozzle orientation on mixing time in a cylindrical tank. The aim is to identify nozzle positions that improve mixing performance and to elucidate the governing parameters that influence it. A water tank was employed [...] Read more.
The present investigation focuses on the impact of jet nozzle orientation on mixing time in a cylindrical tank. The aim is to identify nozzle positions that improve mixing performance and to elucidate the governing parameters that influence it. A water tank was employed for the experiment. The vertical inclination angle (α) and the horizontal inclination angle (β) of the jet nozzle determined the nozzle positions. Mixing time was determined using an inert tracer and spectrophotometry measurements. The findings show that the mixing time is significantly influenced by the position of the jet nozzle position. The accuracy of existing jet turbulence and the circulation models for the prediction of mixing time was evaluated for the different nozzle positions. Our results indicate that both models provide accurate predictions for the conventional centrally aligned (β = 0°), upward-pointing jet nozzle positions only (α > 0). For the other nozzle positions where β > 0° and at varying α, the data follow the same trends as the jet turbulence and circulation models; however, the proportionality constants vary. Shorter mixing times can be attributed principally to longer jet path lengths and therefore higher fluid entrainment and circulation as well as higher dissipation rates per jet length squared. However, it is suspected that the three-dimensional nature of the flow pattern generated in the tank also plays a non-negligible role since mixing is hindered when the nozzle points more towards the tank wall. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Development of Mixing in Chemical Processes)
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18 pages, 4593 KiB  
Article
A PBM-Based Procedure for the CFD Simulation of Gas–Liquid Mixing with Compact Inline Static Mixers in Pipelines
by Francesco Maluta, Alessandro Paglianti and Giuseppina Montante
Processes 2023, 11(1), 198; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010198 - 7 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2250
Abstract
A compact static mixer for gas–liquid dispersion in pipelines is studied in this paper with a Reynolds averaged two fluid model approach. A procedure based on the lumped parameter solution of a population balance model is applied to obtain the bubble Sauter mean [...] Read more.
A compact static mixer for gas–liquid dispersion in pipelines is studied in this paper with a Reynolds averaged two fluid model approach. A procedure based on the lumped parameter solution of a population balance model is applied to obtain the bubble Sauter mean diameter needed to model the interphase forces. The gas distribution in the pipe is analyzed in two different operative conditions and the efficiency of the static mixer is assessed in terms of the gas homogeneity in the pipe section, with low coefficients of variations being obtained. A computational model to obtain the volumetric mass transfer coefficient, kLa, developed for partially segregated systems is applied finding kLa values comparable to those typically obtained with other static mixers. The proposed computational model allows us to locally analyze the oxygen transfer rate by observing the limitations due to gas accumulation behind the body of the static mixer, which leads to the local depletion of the driving force. Geometrical optimization of the static element is proposed, based on the analysis of gas–liquid fluid dynamics and of the interphase mass transfer phenomena. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Development of Mixing in Chemical Processes)
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10 pages, 1965 KiB  
Article
CFD Analysis of Mixing Process of Detergents in Rotational and Displacement Vessels
by Jerónimo Domingo, Alfredo Iranzo, David Arnanz, Akhilesh K. Srivastava, Michael Groombridge and Jared Hansen
Processes 2023, 11(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11010029 - 23 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1919
Abstract
As part of the European Commission research project DIY4U focused on the development of machinery to be installed in supermarket allowing customers to define their customized detergent according to their needs. These machines will mix the detergent components (surfactant, fatty acid, water, perfume, [...] Read more.
As part of the European Commission research project DIY4U focused on the development of machinery to be installed in supermarket allowing customers to define their customized detergent according to their needs. These machines will mix the detergent components (surfactant, fatty acid, water, perfume, etc.) already in the detergent canister as sold to consumers. To avoid long waiting times for customers, and to obtain a product with good quality and consistency, mixing must be very efficient. A mixing process with rotation and displacement by means of rotating the canister around an axis below the canister bottom has been checked by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tools after validation of one case with lab results. This is a new approach for liquid detergents, as commonly is a powder detergent production process. The mixing process has been simulated for 39 different combinations of components mass fraction percentages and the mixing quality observed during the mixing period. A response surface obtained from these simulations has been developed to be included in a Digital Twin, this being a task within this DIY4U project. The results show that this system is very efficient, taking a few seconds to develop a complete mixing. Also, the mixing time differences are quite small, requiring all customers to wait just few seconds independently of their detergent formulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Development of Mixing in Chemical Processes)
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25 pages, 4011 KiB  
Article
Reactive PLIF Method for Characterisation of Micromixing in Continuous High-Throughput Chemical Reactors
by João Peres Ribeiro, Margarida S. C. A. Brito, Ricardo Jorge Santos and Maria Isabel Nunes
Processes 2022, 10(10), 1916; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr10101916 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1884
Abstract
This work aimed to test and optimise reactive Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) methods for the visualisation of the micromixing regions in chemical reactors using standard PLIF and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) equipment with the laser source 512 nm. Two methods were tested: (i) [...] Read more.
This work aimed to test and optimise reactive Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) methods for the visualisation of the micromixing regions in chemical reactors using standard PLIF and Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) equipment with the laser source 512 nm. Two methods were tested: (i) an acid–base reaction with fluorescein as the reaction-sensitive tracer and (ii) Fenton’s reaction, with Rhodamine B as the reaction tracer. Both test-reactions were studied in stopped-flow equipment to define suitable operational conditions, namely the chemical composition of the inflow streams, the concentration of reagents and fluorophore, and suitable excitation light wavelength. The visualisation of the micromixing regions was tested in a continuous flow reactor with a T-jet geometry. A laser light sheet emitted from an Nd:YAG laser illuminated the axial section of the demonstration reactor. The mixing dynamics and the reaction course were visualised with the acid–base reactive PLIF images. Fenton’s reactive PLIF method showed the overall distribution of mixing and reaction regions. The main contribution of this work is benchmarking two methods with costs that enable the visualisation of micromixing regions in continuous high-throughput reactors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Development of Mixing in Chemical Processes)
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