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Processes
Special Issues
Geochemical Processes and Environmental Geochemistry of Modern Mining
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Geochemical Processes and Environmental Geochemistry of Modern Mining

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2024 | Viewed by 4799

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gangwei Fan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: green mining; rock mechanics; mine water
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Shizhong Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Interests: mining

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Modern mining activities drive economic growth but simultaneously present unprecedented challenges to environmental sustainability. From mineral extraction to waste management, diverse chemical elements and compounds are mobilized, transported, and transformed. These geochemical processes have far-reaching consequences, influencing water resources and aquatic ecosystems in the long term. The release and transmission of trace elements, metals, and potentially harmful substances in the rock and water environment necessitate improved understanding in terms of their behavior and impact. Associated research offers mine engineers critical guidance for optimizing extraction parameters, implementing real-time monitoring, and developing containment measures as well as remediation plans to proactively address geochemical and environmental impacts. This Special Issue provides a platform for scholars and practitioners to contribute cutting-edge knowledge and methodologies in, but not limited to, the following scopes:

  • Interdisciplinary insights into geochemical dynamics in mining activities.
  • Factors and mechanisms contributing to changes in mine environments.
  • Mining impacts on groundwater systems and water quality assessment.
  • Advanced monitoring techniques for element transport in rock/soil and water.
  • Novel experimental and numerical approaches for geochemical dynamics.
  • Novel approaches to geochemical and environmental sensing and imaging.
  • Advanced mining techniques to mitigate environmental impacts.
  • Mine drainage management at active and abandoned mine sites.
  • Sustainable tailing management to reduce environmental risks.
  • Reclamation techniques in restoring soil and water quality after mining.

Prof. Dr. Gangwei Fan
Dr. Shizhong Zhang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • resource recovery
  • geochemical dynamics
  • water system
  • environmental sustainability
  • monitoring techniques
  • mine waste management
  • mine reclamation

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 7525 KiB  
Article
Modern Geochemical and Tectonic Exploration—The Key Factor in Discovering the Northern Copper Belt, Poland
by Stanisław Speczik, Krzysztof Zieliński, Alicja Pietrzela and Tomasz Bieńko
Processes 2024, 12(8), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081592 - 29 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1050
Abstract
The discovery of the Northern Copper Belt in SW Poland is a result of an extensive exploration project with a key role played by various science-related methods. The project relied on mapping the distribution of mineral zones in the entire Fore-Sudetic Monocline, a [...] Read more.
The discovery of the Northern Copper Belt in SW Poland is a result of an extensive exploration project with a key role played by various science-related methods. The project relied on mapping the distribution of mineral zones in the entire Fore-Sudetic Monocline, a unit known for its occurrences of Cu-Ag orebodies. This approach involved the examination of historical drill cores from over 400 oil and gas holes in this area, with the collection of samples for laboratory analyses. A close relationship was confirmed between the distribution of orebodies and the transformation of organic matter. Rock-Eval pyrolysis was also performed on selected samples. The tests of rock specimens were accompanied by the reprocessing of historical gravimetric and seismic surveying results. Field magnetotelluric surveying was also performed in certain areas. This phase resulted in the identification of areas with a high probability of finding the best ore, allowing for the initiation of the drilling stage. So far, 37 exploratory boreholes have been drilled in those locations, nearly all of them with highly positive results. The Northern Copper Belt consists of three deposits, Nowa Sól, Mozów, and Sulmierzyce North, along with numerous prognostic areas distributed therebetween. The future production of copper, silver, and the accompanying valuable elements presents a chance to provide the whole of Europe with a new plentiful supply of those critical raw materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geochemical Processes and Environmental Geochemistry of Modern Mining)
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18 pages, 6882 KiB  
Article
Calculation Method of Support Load Zoning and Mechanism of Mine Pressure Behavior in Upward Mining Face across Half of the Goaf along the Panel Direction
by Yujiang Zhang, Fudong Ma, Guorui Feng, Shuai Zhang, Jie Li, Qian Wang, Xianfeng Zhang, Shule Li and Yexing Chen
Processes 2024, 12(4), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12040680 - 28 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 864
Abstract
The 1515 mining face in Yongming Coal Mine was upward mined across half of the goaf along the panel direction. In this paper, the methods of field measurement, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation were used to study the overlying rock fracture structure, support [...] Read more.
The 1515 mining face in Yongming Coal Mine was upward mined across half of the goaf along the panel direction. In this paper, the methods of field measurement, theoretical analysis, and numerical simulation were used to study the overlying rock fracture structure, support load characteristics, and the mechanism of mine pressure behavior across half of the goaf. The results indicate that the support load of the 1515 upward mining face across half of the goaf along the panel direction exhibits distinct zoning characteristics. The maximum support load is 1.37 times the minimum support load. The development height of the roof separation in the up-mining area is 1.74 times that in the entity coal area, at 9.1 m and 5.22 m respectively. The height of separation and hanging roof length increase and decrease, respectively, along the initial rock fracture area, tensile fracture area, structural fracture area, and compacted fracture area. Based on the definition of the variation coefficient “m” for immediate roof height and hanging roof coefficient “n”, a partitioned method for calculating support loads in the upward mining face across half of the goaf was proposed. Finally, the key parameter values for support loads in each zoning were provided and validated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geochemical Processes and Environmental Geochemistry of Modern Mining)
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17 pages, 6400 KiB  
Article
Novel Method on Mixing Degree Quantification of Mine Water Sources: A Case Study
by Qizhen Li, Gangwei Fan, Dongsheng Zhang, Wei Yu, Shizhong Zhang, Zhanglei Fan and Yue Fu
Processes 2024, 12(3), 438; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12030438 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 912
Abstract
After a mine water inrush occurs, it is crucial to quickly identify the source of the water inrush and the key control area, and to formulate accurately efficient water control measures. According to the differences in water chemical characteristics of four aquifers in [...] Read more.
After a mine water inrush occurs, it is crucial to quickly identify the source of the water inrush and the key control area, and to formulate accurately efficient water control measures. According to the differences in water chemical characteristics of four aquifers in the Fenyuan coal mine, the concentrations of K+~Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO42−, and HCO3− were taken as water source identification indexes. A decision tree classification model based on the C4.5 algorithm was adopted to visualize the chemical characteristics of a single water source and extract rules, and intuitively obtained the discrimination conditions of a single water source with Mg2+, Ca2+, and Cl− as important variables in the decision tree: Mg2+ < 39.585 mg/L, Cl− < 516.338 mg/L and Mg2+ ≥ 39.585 mg/L, Ca2+ < 160.860 mg/L. Factor analysis and Fisher discriminant theory were used to eliminate the redundant ion variables, and the discriminant function equations of the two, three, and four types of mixed water sources were obtained successively in turn. This paper puts forward MSE, RMSE, and MAE as the evaluation indexes of the water source mixing degree calculation models and obtains the ranking of the pros and cons of the mixed water source mixing degree calculation models. The results show that the minimum inscribed circle analytical method is the optimal model for the calculation of the mixing degree of two types of water sources, and the MSE, RMSE, and MAE are 0.17%, 4.13%, and 4.13%, respectively. The minimum inscribed circle clustering method is the optimal model for the calculation of the mixing degree of three types of water sources, and the minimum distance method is the optimal model for the calculation of the mixing degree of four types of water sources. The method of mine water source identification based on the decision tree C4.5 algorithm and mixing degree calculation has the characteristics of a simple calculation process, high efficiency, objective accuracy, and low cost, which can provide a scientific basis for the development of stope water control measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geochemical Processes and Environmental Geochemistry of Modern Mining)
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15 pages, 8022 KiB  
Article
Simulation Analysis of the Influence of Amplitude on Deformation and Fracture Characteristics of Hard Rock under Ultrasonic Vibration Load
by Lei Zhang, Xufeng Wang, Zhijun Niu and Jianbo Dai
Processes 2024, 12(1), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12010074 - 28 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 827
Abstract
The utilization of auxiliary tools employing ultrasonic high-frequency vibration to enhance rock breaking efficiency holds significant potential for application in underground hard rock excavation engineering. To investigate the failure mechanism of rocks under high frequency ultrasonic vibration load, this study employs particle flow [...] Read more.
The utilization of auxiliary tools employing ultrasonic high-frequency vibration to enhance rock breaking efficiency holds significant potential for application in underground hard rock excavation engineering. To investigate the failure mechanism of rocks under high frequency ultrasonic vibration load, this study employs particle flow software PFC2D for numerical simulation. By incorporating boundary conditions from actual ultrasonic vibration rock breaking experiments and utilizing a parallel bond model to construct the rock, we analyze the deformation, damage, fracture, and energy evolution process of hard rocks subjected to vibrational loads. The results demonstrate that the maximum displacement in hard rocks increases nearly linearly with vibrations until reaching 5.0199 × 10−3 m, after which it plateaus. Additionally, macroscopic fissures formed during rock failure exhibit an X-shaped pattern. Furthermore, based on our model, we examine the impact of amplitude variation on hard rocks with an equal number of cycles (5,000,000 cycles). Under ultrasonic vibration loads, amplitude influences the total input energy within the rock system. While increasing amplitude does not alter maximum deformation in rocks, it enhances fragmentation degree, fracture degree and energy dissipation coefficient—thereby improving rock breaking efficiency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Geochemical Processes and Environmental Geochemistry of Modern Mining)
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