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Processes
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Advances in Bioremediation and Biosorption Processes
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Advances in Bioremediation and Biosorption Processes

A special issue of Processes (ISSN 2227-9717). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Processes and Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2024) | Viewed by 6110

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Carlos Eduardo De Farias Silva

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Technology Center, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió 57000-000, Brazil
Interests: biological wastewater treatment; microalgae; filamentous fungi; biomass; adsorption
Dr. Giorgos Markou

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lab of Food Biotechnology and Recycling of Agricultural By-Products, Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-DEMETER, Sof. Venizelou 1, Lykovrissi, 14123 Attica, Greece
Interests: cultivation of algae; biomass production; biotechnology for food, feed and biofuels; valorization of waste-streams; recovery and reuse of nutrients
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biological processes or Biomaterials are widely applied to remediate wastewaters and solid wastes worldwide. Biological wastewater treatment can treat hazardous effluents into microbial biomass, clean water and less dangerous products protecting the environment and providing better management of these residues. Adsorption processes using biomaterials can also be applied with simpler processes than synthetic materials and also have lower costs. This Special Issue welcomes papers that describe the treatment of wastewaters or solid wastes by applying microorganisms/plants or biomaterials in biological or adsorption processes.

Dr. Carlos Eduardo De Farias Silva
Dr. Giorgos Markou
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Processes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • adsorption
  • biomass
  • biological wastewater treatment
  • bacteria
  • microalgae
  • filamentous fungi
  • yeasts
  • protozoa
  • isotherm
  • kinetic
  • contminat removal

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 1611 KiB  
Article
Co-Cultivation between the Microalga Tetradesmus obliquus and Filamentous Fungus Cunninghamella echinulata Improves Tertiary Treatment of Cheese Whey Effluent in Semicontinuous Mode
by Leandro Monteiro dos Santos, Joyce Camila Barbosa da Silva, Carlos Eduardo de Farias Silva, Brígida Maria Villar da Gama, Josimayra Almeida Medeiros, Giorgos Markou, Renata Maria Rosas Garcia Almeida and Ana Karla de Souza Abud
Processes 2024, 12(8), 1573; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12081573 - 27 Jul 2024
Viewed by 712
Abstract
Cheese whey (CW), a byproduct resulting from dairy processing, requires proper treatment and disposal. The use of microalgae during tertiary treatment emerges as a promising option due to its efficiency to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) [...] Read more.
Cheese whey (CW), a byproduct resulting from dairy processing, requires proper treatment and disposal. The use of microalgae during tertiary treatment emerges as a promising option due to its efficiency to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) from effluents obtained after secondary treatment processes. The present study was focused on treating CW effluent at two organic loads (C1 and C2—with different concentrations of COD, TN, and TP) (550–2200 mg·L−1 of COD, 14–56 mg·L−1 of TN, and 4.5–18 mg·L−1 of TP) using the microalga Tetradesmus obliquus alone (CM1 and CM2) and in a consortium with the fungus Cuninghamella echinulata (CMF1 and CMF2), evaluating the residual values of COD, TN, and TP and removal efficiency. The experiments were carried out in an open system with a volumetric replacement ratio (VRR) of 40 and 60%. The CM treatment showed residual values of COD in the range of 190–410 mg·L−1 (removal efficiency: 57–68%), TN in the range of 6–24 mg·L−1 (removal efficiency: 29–35%), and TP in the range of 0.90–3.0 mg·L−1 (removal efficiency: 65–68%), after 7 days of volumetric replacement time (VRT) in a semicontinuous mode. In contrast, the consortium (CMF) showed greater stability and efficiency in contaminant removal compared to the treatment system containing only the microalga, showing residual values of COD in the range of 61–226 mg·L−1 (removal efficiency: 75–77%), TN in the range of 1.8–9.5 mg·L−1 (removal efficiency: 70–74%), and TP in the range of 0.6–3.5 mg·L−1 (removal efficiency: 66–70%), applying a lower VRT of 3 days and reaching the legislation standard for discharge to CMF1 (VRR: 40 and 60%) and CMF2 (VRR: 40%). The cell dry weight of 290–850 mg·L−1 was obtained (microalga and microalga–fungus cultivation), which can be a valuable biomass for biotechnological applications. Finally, during microalga–fungus co-cultivation, there was greater system buffering (with less pH variation), ensuring a better system stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioremediation and Biosorption Processes)
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14 pages, 2171 KiB  
Article
Physiological Performance and Biosorption Capacity of Exiguobacterium sp. SH31 Isolated from Poly-Extreme Salar de Huasco in the Chilean Altiplano: A Study on Rare-Earth Element Tolerance
by Genesis Serrano, Jonathan Fortt, Juan Castro-Severyn, Rodrigo Castillo, Claudia Saavedra, Gabriel Krüger, Claudia Núñez, Francisco Remonsellez and Karem Gallardo
Processes 2024, 12(1), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12010047 - 24 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1347
Abstract
Rare-earth elements (REEs) are crucial metals with limited global availability due to their indispensable role in various high-tech industries. As the demand for rare-earth elements continues to rise, there is a pressing need to develop sustainable methods for their recovery from secondary sources. [...] Read more.
Rare-earth elements (REEs) are crucial metals with limited global availability due to their indispensable role in various high-tech industries. As the demand for rare-earth elements continues to rise, there is a pressing need to develop sustainable methods for their recovery from secondary sources. Focusing on Exiguobacterium sp. SH31, this research investigates the impact of La, Eu, Gd, and Sm on its physiological performance and biosorption capacity. Tolerance was assessed at pHpzc from 7 to 8 with up to 1 mM rare-earth element concentrations. This study visualized the production of extracellular polymeric substances using Congo red assays and quantified them with ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy characterized the functional groups involved in metal interactions. The SH31 strain displayed significant rare-earth element tolerance, confirmed extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production under all conditions, and increased production in the presence of Sm. Spectroscopy analysis revealed changes in wavelengths associated with OH and R-COO-, suggesting rare-earth element interactions. SH31 demonstrated efficient metal adsorption, with removal rates exceeding 75% at pHpzc 7 and over 95% at pHpzc 7.5 and 8. The calculated Qmax value for rare-earth element biosorption was approximately 23 mg/g, and Langmuir isotherm models effectively described metal sorption equilibria. Genomic exploration identified genes related to extracellular polymeric substance formation, providing insights into underlying mechanisms. This study presents the first evidence of efficient La, Eu, Gd, and Sm adsorption by SH31, emphasizing its potential significance in rare-earth element recovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioremediation and Biosorption Processes)
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Review

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33 pages, 3425 KiB  
Review
Advancing Eco-Sustainable Bioremediation for Hydrocarbon Contaminants: Challenges and Solutions
by Bothaina A. Alaidaroos
Processes 2023, 11(10), 3036; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11103036 - 22 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3631
Abstract
In an era of rising population density and industrialization, the environment confronts growing challenges. Soil, agricultural land, and water bodies are becoming increasingly polluted by petroleum waste and hydrocarbons. While hydrocarbons are naturally present in crude oil, refining processes compound the complexity and [...] Read more.
In an era of rising population density and industrialization, the environment confronts growing challenges. Soil, agricultural land, and water bodies are becoming increasingly polluted by petroleum waste and hydrocarbons. While hydrocarbons are naturally present in crude oil, refining processes compound the complexity and toxicity of hydrocarbons. This is particularly evident in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) found in the air and soil, known for their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties. In response, biodegradation emerges as an eco-friendly, cost-effective solution, especially in petroleum-contaminated settings. Biodiverse microbial communities play a pivotal role in managing hydrocarbon contamination, contingent on location, toxicity, and microbial activity. To optimize biodegradation, understanding its mechanisms is essential. This review delves into varied bioremediation techniques, degradation pathways, and the contributions of microbial activities to efficiently removing hydrocarbon pollutants. Recent research spotlights specific microorganisms like bacteria, microalgae, and fungi adept at hydrocarbon degradation, offering a contemporary perspective on petroleum hydrocarbon pollutant bioremediation. These microorganisms efficiently break down petroleum hydrocarbons, with enzymatic catalysis markedly accelerating pollutant breakdown compared to conventional methods. Given the intricate nature of hydrocarbon contamination, cooperative bacterial consortia are instrumental in effective cleanup, driven by specific genes guiding bacterial metabolism. For cost-effective and efficient removal from compromised environments, it is advisable to adopt an integrated approach that combines biostimulation and bioaugmentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Bioremediation and Biosorption Processes)
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