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Digital Twins for Urban Spaces: Keeping Urban Twins Updated Using Remote Sensing

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Urban Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 May 2024) | Viewed by 7280

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Division Cadastre, Surveying and Geodata (R102), Johannes-Rau-Platz 1, 42275 Wuppertal, Germany
Interests: data fusion; remote sensing; multisensor image fusion; urban digital twins; map updating; radar; tropical remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Department of Urban and Regional Planning and Geo-Information Management, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB Enschede, The Netherlands
Interests: 3D land information; photogrammetry and remote sensing; UAV; 3D modeling and visualization/digital twins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
1. Department of Software Engineering, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
2. GATE Institute, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
Interests: urban digital twins; 3D city modeling; domain-specific data models, data enrichment and semantic interoperability; big data

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to increased availability of digital data and information, as well as increased availability of computing power, digital twins have become a powerful tool to understand, plan, simulate and predict in a digital environment instead of building real-world prototypes. Digital twinning saves resources and enables manifold experiments before going into production in an industrial environment. The idea of digital twins has been adapted to urban environments. Digital urban twins form the digital representation of real-world objects, processes, networks and stakeholders. They enable an urban society, governments and other decision-makers to better understand complex urban settings. Data from different sources are combined and analyzed to obtain a more complete picture. Especially under the aspect of climate change, urban regions are under immense pressure since more than 50% of the world’s population lives in cities. Digital urban twins allow simulation and prediction to extract up-to-date, relevant information to support planning and sustainable development.

The quality of a digital urban twin depends on the diversity of data and information, and even more on the actuality of its content. The urban context is complex and dynamic. Therefore, updating a digital urban twin has great influence on its usability.

Remote sensing provides multimodal data with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution. Using different platforms and sensors along with automated processes to interpret and analyze the acquired data could support updating the digital twin. Artificial intelligence and deep learning are means to cope with the incoming big data from all different sources.

The increased amount and variety of remote sensing data play a key role in the generation of urban digital twins by providing observations and measurements that are characterized by an improved spatio-temporal resolution: these data streams keep the digital and physical worlds synchronized, enabling the necessary data-driven analytics. This Special Issue encourages submissions on the role of remote sensing and contributions to all the phases and aspects characterizing the urban digital twin lifecycle, as well as experiences in different application domains. We also welcome articles that explore the implementation challenges and limits in the most relevant domains and applications in engineering and beyond.

In this framework, this Special Issue encourages submissions related to the conceptualization, development, implementation and employment of urban digital twins supporting sustainable and smart cities, with an emphasis on the remote sensing component. Here, topics of interest also include, but are not limited to:

  • Use cases of remote sensing in digital urban twins;
  • The role of remote sensing in the context of urban twinning;
  • Methods of updating urban twins;
  • Automated processing of remote sensing data for digital urban twins;
  • Remote sensing and data fusion;
  • Digital urban twins and climate change adaptation;
  • Big data management for digital urban twins.

Dr. Christine Pohl
Dr. Mila Koeva
Prof. Dr. Dessislava Petrova-Antonova
Guest Editors

Name: Benjamin Bleske
Guest Editor Assistant
Address: City of Wuppertal, Division Cadastre, Surveying and Geodata (R102), Johannes-Rau-Platz 1, 42275 Wuppertal, Germany
Email: 
Webpage: https://cdu-witten.de/person/10/portait.html
Interests: urban digital twins; city administration; planning processes

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • digital urban twin
  • 3D city modeling
  • simulation modeling
  • virtual reality
  • satellite observations
  • sensors for urban twins
  • spatial planning
  • artificial intelligence
  • visualization
  • data fusion
  • urban data platforms
  • urban resilience
  • urban sustainability

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 12908 KiB  
Article
Integration of 3D Gaussian Splatting and Neural Radiance Fields in Virtual Reality Fire Fighting
by Haojie Lian, Kangle Liu, Ruochen Cao, Ziheng Fei, Xin Wen and Leilei Chen
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(13), 2448; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16132448 - 3 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1897
Abstract
Neural radiance fields (NeRFs) and 3D Gaussian splatting have emerged as promising 3D reconstruction techniques recently. However, their application in virtual reality (VR), particularly in firefighting training, remains underexplored. We present an innovative VR firefighting simulation system based on 3D Gaussian Splatting technology. [...] Read more.
Neural radiance fields (NeRFs) and 3D Gaussian splatting have emerged as promising 3D reconstruction techniques recently. However, their application in virtual reality (VR), particularly in firefighting training, remains underexplored. We present an innovative VR firefighting simulation system based on 3D Gaussian Splatting technology. Leveraging these techniques, we successfully reconstruct realistic physical environments. By integrating the Unity3D game engine with head-mounted displays (HMDs), we created and presented immersive virtual fire scenes. Our system incorporates NeRF technology to generate highly realistic models of firefighting equipment. Users can freely navigate and interact with fire within the virtual fire scenarios, enhancing immersion and engagement. Moreover, by utilizing the Photon PUN2 networking framework, our system enables multi-user collaboration on firefighting tasks, improving training effectiveness and fostering teamwork and communication skills. Through experiments and surveys, it is demonstrated that the proposed VR framework enhances user experience and holds promises for improving the effectiveness of firefighting training. Full article
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18 pages, 15447 KiB  
Article
Automatic Building Roof Plane Extraction in Urban Environments for 3D City Modelling Using Remote Sensing Data
by Carlos Campoverde, Mila Koeva, Claudio Persello, Konstantin Maslov, Weiqin Jiao and Dessislava Petrova-Antonova
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(8), 1386; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16081386 - 14 Apr 2024
Viewed by 2297
Abstract
Delineating and modelling building roof plane structures is an active research direction in urban-related studies, as understanding roof structure provides essential information for generating highly detailed 3D building models. Traditional deep-learning models have been the main focus of most recent research endeavors aiming [...] Read more.
Delineating and modelling building roof plane structures is an active research direction in urban-related studies, as understanding roof structure provides essential information for generating highly detailed 3D building models. Traditional deep-learning models have been the main focus of most recent research endeavors aiming to extract pixel-based building roof plane areas from remote-sensing imagery. However, significant challenges arise, such as delineating complex roof boundaries and invisible boundaries. Additionally, challenges during the post-processing phase, where pixel-based building roof plane maps are vectorized, often result in polygons with irregular shapes. In order to address this issue, this study explores a state-of-the-art method for planar graph reconstruction applied to building roof plane extraction. We propose a framework for reconstructing regularized building roof plane structures using aerial imagery and cadastral information. Our framework employs a holistic edge classification architecture based on an attention-based neural network to detect corners and edges between them from aerial imagery. Our experiments focused on three distinct study areas characterized by different roof structure topologies: the Stadsveld–‘t Zwering neighborhood and Oude Markt area, located in Enschede, The Netherlands, and the Lozenets district in Sofia, Bulgaria. The outcomes of our experiments revealed that a model trained with a combined dataset of two different study areas demonstrated a superior performance, capable of delineating edges obscured by shadows or canopy. Our experiment in the Oude Markt area resulted in building roof plane delineation with an F-score value of 0.43 when the model trained on the combined dataset was used. In comparison, the model trained only on the Stadsveld–‘t Zwering dataset achieved an F-score value of 0.37, and the model trained only on the Lozenets dataset achieved an F-score value of 0.32. The results from the developed approach are promising and can be used for 3D city modelling in different urban settings. Full article
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30 pages, 11991 KiB  
Article
A Study on Urban-Scale Building, Tree Canopy Footprint Identification and Sky View Factor Analysis with Airborne LiDAR Remote Sensing Data
by Seung Man An
Remote Sens. 2023, 15(15), 3910; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15153910 - 7 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1486
Abstract
Urbanization transforms simple two-dimensional natural spaces into complex three-dimensional (3D) artificial spaces through intense land use. Hence, urbanization continuously transforms vertical urban settings and the corresponding sky view area. As such, collecting data on urban settings and their interactions with urban climate is [...] Read more.
Urbanization transforms simple two-dimensional natural spaces into complex three-dimensional (3D) artificial spaces through intense land use. Hence, urbanization continuously transforms vertical urban settings and the corresponding sky view area. As such, collecting data on urban settings and their interactions with urban climate is important. In this study, LiDAR remote sensing was applied to obtain finer-resolution footprints of urban-scale buildings and tree canopies (TCs). Additionally, a related sky view factor (SVF) analysis was performed. The study site comprised an area of Incheon Metropolitan City (501.5 km2). Results show that the proposed method can be applied to update institutional land maps, enhance land use management, and implement optimized and balanced urban settings. Full article
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