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Remote Sensing
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Innovative Applications of HF Radar (Second Edition)
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Innovative Applications of HF Radar (Second Edition)

A special issue of Remote Sensing (ISSN 2072-4292). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Remote Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 April 2025 | Viewed by 1944

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yonggang Ji

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum(East China), No. 66 West Changjiang Road, Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: remote sensing of HF radar; maritime vessel targets monitoring with multiple remote sensors; shipborne HF surface wave technology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yiming Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory of Marine Physics and Remote Sensing, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, No. 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao 266061, China
Interests: clutter suppression of HF radar; HF radar signal processing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Weifeng Sun

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Oceanography and Space Informatics, China University of Petroleum(East China), No. 66, West Changjiang Road, Qingdao 266580, China
Interests: target detection and tracking with compact HFSWR; signal and image processing algorithms and their applications
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Weimin Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL A1B 3X5, Canada
Interests: mapping of oceanic surface parameters via high-frequency ground wave radar; X-band marine radar and global navigation satellite systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue is the second edition of the Special Issue “Innovative Applications of HF Radar”. After the resounding success of our first edition, we are thrilled to open the second edition. HF radar, including both HF surface wave radar and HF skywave over-the-horizon radar, is primarily employed for detecting and tracking maritime targets as well as monitoring sea state parameters like ocean currents, wind, and waves. HF radar boasts advantages such as wide coverage, long-range, and real-time monitoring capabilities. It has found extensive applications in diverse fields, including maritime security, maritime traffic and fishery management, and maritime disaster monitoring, thereby contributing to the safeguarding of maritime interests and the safety of maritime activities. Additionally, HF radar can be employed to monitor oceanic dynamic processes, including oceanic circulation and mesoscale eddies as well as oceanic disasters like typhoons and tsunamis. In recent years, a variety of new HF radar systems, such as bistatic HF radar, ship-borne or buoy-based, sky-wave transmitting and shore/ship-receiving systems, and MIMO systems have emerged, further expanding the detection range and application fields of HF radar.

In this Special Issue, we would like to focus on the innovative applications of HF radar, particularly those related to various new HF radar systems that have emerged in recent years. These innovative applications encompass not only new investigations directly related to target detection and sea state inversion with HF radar, but also research on signal processing and data quality evaluation of HF radar products. Additionally, we also aim to explore the new applications of HF radar in different industries and various application environments. This includes investigating how HF radar can be utilized in fields such as maritime surveillance, coastal management, weather monitoring, and environmental monitoring. By delving into these innovative applications, we hope to reveal the versatility of HF radar technology and its potential to address challenges in a wide range of sectors and settings. Moreover, through the study of these innovative applications, we strive to further explore the untapped potential of HF radar technology and expand its application fields in the realm of ocean remote sensing.

Articles may address, but are not limited to, the following topics related to HF radar:

  • New HF radar system;
  • Radar signal processing;
  • Clutter suppression;
  • Target detection and tracking;
  • Wind and wave monitoring;
  • High-frequency radar data processing and analysis;
  • Data product quality evaluation;
  • Marine hazard monitoring;
  • Monitoring of ocean dynamical processes;
  • Ocean circulation monitoring.

Prof. Dr. Yonggang Ji
Dr. Yiming Wang
Dr. Weifeng Sun
Prof. Dr. Weimin Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Remote Sensing is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • HF radar
  • target detection
  • target tracking
  • sea state inversion
  • OTH radar
  • clutter suppression

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 10144 KiB  
Article
A Fast Algorithm for Matching AIS Trajectories with Radar Point Data in Complex Environments
by Jialuo Xu, Ying Suo, Yuqing Jiang and Qiang Yang
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(23), 4360; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16234360 - 22 Nov 2024
Viewed by 109
Abstract
In high-traffic port areas, vessel traffic-management systems (VTMS) are essential for managing ship movements and preventing collisions. However, inaccuracies and omissions in the Automatic Identification System (AIS), along with frequent false tracks generated by radar false alarms in complex environments, can compromise VTMS [...] Read more.
In high-traffic port areas, vessel traffic-management systems (VTMS) are essential for managing ship movements and preventing collisions. However, inaccuracies and omissions in the Automatic Identification System (AIS), along with frequent false tracks generated by radar false alarms in complex environments, can compromise VTMS stability. To address the challenges of establishing consistent navigation and improving trajectory quality, this study introduces a novel method to directly identify AIS-matched trajectories from radar plots. This approach treats radar points as probability clouds, generating a multi-dimensional information layer by stacking these clouds after differential transformations based on AIS data. The resulting layer undergoes filtering and clustering to extract point sets that align with AIS data, effectively isolating matching trajectories. The algorithm, validated with simulated data, rapidly identifies target trajectories amid extensive interference without requiring strict parameter adjustments. In measured data, the algorithm rapidly provides matching trajectories, although further human judgment is still required due to the potential absence of true values in measured data. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Applications of HF Radar (Second Edition))
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19 pages, 11260 KiB  
Article
Typhoon Early Warning and Monitoring Based on the Comprehensive Characteristics of Oceanic and Ionospheric Echoes from HFSWR: The Case of Typhoon Muifa
by Menghua Jiang, Yonggang Ji, Ruozhao Qu, Hao Zhang and Jianqiang Du
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(20), 3854; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16203854 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 578
Abstract
As devastating natural disasters, typhoons pose a tremendous threat to human society, making effective typhoon early warning and monitoring crucial. To address this challenge, High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR), which can observe oceanic parameters such as typhoon wind fields in real time [...] Read more.
As devastating natural disasters, typhoons pose a tremendous threat to human society, making effective typhoon early warning and monitoring crucial. To address this challenge, High Frequency Surface Wave Radar (HFSWR), which can observe oceanic parameters such as typhoon wind fields in real time and even capture the dynamic changes in the ionosphere, has become an effective tool for typhoon monitoring. This paper investigates the interaction mechanisms about Typhoon-Acoustic Gravity Waves (AGWs)-Ionosphere, as well as Typhoon-Ocean Waves for HFSWR, and simulates these interaction processes within HFSWR. Then a typhoon early warning and monitoring scheme for HFSWR has been proposed: In the first stage, the S-shaped ionospheric disturbances observed by HFSWR are utilized as precursor signals for early typhoon warnings. In addition, the second stage involves analyzing changes in first-order oceanic echo spectral peak ratio to pinpoint when the typhoon eye enters the radar detection range, thus initiating the typhoon monitoring phase. Subsequently, the measured data from HFSWR collected during Typhoon “Muifa” (2212) in conjunction with the proposed scheme are evaluated in detail. The results indicate that AGWs generated by typhoons can propagate into non-typhoon areas within the detection range, causing S- shaped ionospheric disturbances and providing approximately 6 h of early warning. At around 8:05 (UTC+8), an increasing trend in the first-order spectral peak ratio was noted, indicating the entry of the typhoon eye into the detection range, which closely aligns with the official typhoon path and marks the transition to the monitoring phase. The proposed scheme is expected to enhance the capability for typhoon early warning and real-time monitoring in specific sea areas and mitigate the risks associated with typhoon-related disasters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Applications of HF Radar (Second Edition))
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17 pages, 12028 KiB  
Article
Surface Vector Current Retrieval by Single-Station High-Frequency Surface Wave Radar Based on Ocean Dynamics in the Taiwan Strait
by Li Wang, Mengyan Feng, Weihua Ai, Xiongbin Wu, Xianbin Zhao and Shensen Hu
Remote Sens. 2024, 16(15), 2767; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16152767 - 29 Jul 2024
Viewed by 722
Abstract
In order to address the issue of limited common coverage and high cost in mapping ocean surface vector current by two (or more) high-frequency surface wave radars, this paper proposes a single-station surface wave radar vector current inversion algorithm. The feasibility of this [...] Read more.
In order to address the issue of limited common coverage and high cost in mapping ocean surface vector current by two (or more) high-frequency surface wave radars, this paper proposes a single-station surface wave radar vector current inversion algorithm. The feasibility of this algorithm has been validated in the Taiwan Strait. Based on the ocean dynamic characteristics of the Taiwan Strait, the algorithm utilizes the radial current obtained from a high-frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) in Fujian Province to invert the ocean surface vector current. The surface vector current can be decomposed into three primary dynamic components: tidal currents, wind-driven currents, and geostrophic currents. Firstly, tidal current forecasting models and Ekman and Stokes theories are used to calculate the tidal and wind-driven currents in the Taiwan Strait, respectively. Subsequently, the directions of geostrophic currents in the Taiwan Strait are determined with sea surface height data, and the magnitudes of the geostrophic currents are constrained using the radial current from the single HFSWR. Finally, the three components are added together to obtain the vector current. Comparative results demonstrate that the efficacy of the algorithm has been validated through field experiments (with two HFSWRs and two drifting buoys) conducted in the southwestern of the Taiwan Strait. Further research is needed on the applicability of this algorithm to other sea areas and monitoring systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Applications of HF Radar (Second Edition))
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