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Recent Advances in Connected and Autonomous Internet of Vehicles
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Recent Advances in Connected and Autonomous Internet of Vehicles

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Sensor Networks".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 May 2022) | Viewed by 37866

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Fatih Kurugollu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Head of Cyber Security Research Group, College of Engineering and Technology, University of Derby, Derby, UK
Interests: Cyber security; multimedia security; visual surveillance and hardware architectures for image and video applications; blockchain
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ghardaia, Ghardaia, Algeria
Interests: trust and risk management; secure multihop communications; vehicular networks; named data networking (NDN); UAVs
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Farhan Ahmad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
Interests: vehicular ad hoc networks; trust management; cyber security; automotive security; secure cooperative intelligent transportation systems; cellular communication
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Syed Hassan Ahmed

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Computer Science Department, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92831, USA
Interests: wireless communications; connected vehicles; named data; networks; information centric networks and ad hoc networks
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Rasheed Hussain

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Information Systems, Innopolis University, 420500 Innopolis, Russia
Interests: Information security and privacy; applied cryptography; vehicular ad hoc networks; blockchain; Internet of Things; named data networking
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The ground, flying, and underwater Internet of Vehicles (IoVs) are considered a promising paradigm resulting in numerous applications, including shipment of goods, home package delivery, crop monitoring, agricultural surveillance, and rescue operations while operating in different environments, such as ground, road, space, or underwater. IoV nodes are vehicles that collaborate with each other in an ad hoc manner through different communication technologies. However, IoVs can also communicate with fixed ground stations, such as with an air traffic controller, with a floating station or through a non-line-of-sight (NLoS) link with a satellite-aided controller, to achieve both planned and unplanned missions. Besides the dissimilar communication technologies, various problems appear in these inter-vehicle and vehicle-to-X communications, including energy management, lack of security, the unreliability of wireless communication links, and the handover from LoS to NLoS and vice versa.

This Special Issue aims to disseminate and identify areas that can increase the efficiency of various aspects of the ground, flying, and underwater Internet of Vehicles. To this end, we are seeking high-quality research papers in the domain of the IoVs that include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • The realization of wireless sensor networks within the IoVs;
  • The impact of social networks on the IoVs;
  • Cellular communication (4G, 5G) in the IoVs;
  • Security and privacy issues within the IoVs;
  • Trust management schemes for the IoVs;
  • Cyber security aspects of the IoVs;
  • IoVs over future internet architectures (NDN, CCN);
  • Performance evaluations of the IoVs;
  • Routing protocols for the IoV;
  • Testbeds and simulation tools for the IoVs;
  • Content dissemination over the IoVs;
  • Multimedia communications in the IoVs;
  • Applications of blockchain and edge computing for the IoVs;
  • Artificial intelligence (AI) for the IoVs;
  • Emerging technologies for the IoVs.

Prof. Dr. Fatih Kurugollu
Dr. Chaker Abdelaziz Kerrache
Dr. Farhan Ahmad
Dr. Syed Hassan Ahmed
Dr. Rasheed Hussain
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ground Internet of Vehicles
  • flying Internet of Vehicles
  • underwater Internet of Vehicles
  •  security, privacy, and trust in ground, flying, and underwater Internet of Vehicles
  • performance of IoVs
  • blockchain, edge computing, and AI for Internet of Vehicles

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1041 KiB  
Article
Object Perceptibility Prediction for Transmission Load Reduction in Vehicle-Infrastructure Cooperative Perception
by Pin Lv, Jinlei Han, Yuebin He, Jia Xu and Taoshen Li
Sensors 2022, 22(11), 4138; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22114138 - 30 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1727
Abstract
Vehicle-infrastructure cooperative perception is an ingenious way to eliminate environmental perception blind areas of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). However, if the infrastructure transmits all environmental information to the nearby CAVs, the transmission load is so heavy that it causes a waste of [...] Read more.
Vehicle-infrastructure cooperative perception is an ingenious way to eliminate environmental perception blind areas of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAVs). However, if the infrastructure transmits all environmental information to the nearby CAVs, the transmission load is so heavy that it causes a waste of network resources, such as time and bandwidth, because parts of the information are redundant for the CAVs. It is an efficient manner for the infrastructure to merely transmit the information about objects which cannot be perceived by the CAVs. Therefore, the infrastructure needs to predict whether an object is perceptible for a CAV. In this paper, a machine-leaning-based model is established to settle this problem, and a data filter is also designed to enhance the prediction accuracy in various scenarios. Based on the proposed model, the infrastructure transmits the environmental information selectively, which significantly reduces the transmission load. The experiments prove that the prediction accuracy of the model achieves up to 95%, and the transmission load is reduced by 55%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Connected and Autonomous Internet of Vehicles)
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18 pages, 6402 KiB  
Article
Smart Search System of Autonomous Flight UAVs for Disaster Rescue
by Donggeun Oh and Junghee Han
Sensors 2021, 21(20), 6810; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21206810 - 13 Oct 2021
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3022
Abstract
UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) have been developed and adopted for various fields including military, IT, agriculture, construction, and so on. In particular, UAVs are being heavily used in the field of disaster relief thanks to the fact that UAVs are becoming smaller and [...] Read more.
UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) have been developed and adopted for various fields including military, IT, agriculture, construction, and so on. In particular, UAVs are being heavily used in the field of disaster relief thanks to the fact that UAVs are becoming smaller and more intelligent. Search for a person in a disaster site can be difficult if the mobile communication network is not available, and if the person is in the GPS shadow area. Recently, the search for survivors using unmanned aerial vehicles has been studied, but there are several problems as the search is mainly using images taken with cameras (including thermal imaging cameras). For example, it is difficult to distinguish a distressed person from a long distance especially in the presence of cover. Considering these challenges, we proposed an autonomous UAV smart search system that can complete their missions without interference in search and tracking of castaways even in disaster areas where communication with base stations is likely to be lost. To achieve this goal, we first make UAVs perform autonomous flight with locating and approaching the distressed people without the help of the ground control server (GCS). Second, to locate a survivor accurately, we developed a genetic-based localization algorithm by detecting changes in the signal strength between distress and drones inside the search system. Specifically, we modeled our target platform with a genetic algorithm and we re-defined the genetic algorithm customized to the disaster site’s environment for tracking accuracy. Finally, we verified the proposed search system in several real-world sites and found that it successfully located targets with autonomous flight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Connected and Autonomous Internet of Vehicles)
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20 pages, 634 KiB  
Article
A Blockchain-Based Multi-Factor Authentication Model for a Cloud-Enabled Internet of Vehicles
by Victor R. Kebande, Feras M. Awaysheh, Richard A. Ikuesan, Sadi A. Alawadi and Mohammad Dahman Alshehri
Sensors 2021, 21(18), 6018; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21186018 - 8 Sep 2021
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5223
Abstract
Continuous and emerging advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT)-to-Cloud applications to be induced by data pipelines and Edge Intelligence-based architectures. Advanced vehicular networks greatly benefit from these architectures due to the implicit functionalities that are focused on realizing [...] Read more.
Continuous and emerging advances in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT)-to-Cloud applications to be induced by data pipelines and Edge Intelligence-based architectures. Advanced vehicular networks greatly benefit from these architectures due to the implicit functionalities that are focused on realizing the Internet of Vehicle (IoV) vision. However, IoV is susceptible to attacks, where adversaries can easily exploit existing vulnerabilities. Several attacks may succeed due to inadequate or ineffective authentication techniques. Hence, there is a timely need for hardening the authentication process through cutting-edge access control mechanisms. This paper proposes a Blockchain-based Multi-Factor authentication model that uses an embedded Digital Signature (MFBC_eDS) for vehicular clouds and Cloud-enabled IoV. Our proposed MFBC_eDS model consists of a scheme that integrates the Security Assertion Mark-up Language (SAML) to the Single Sign-On (SSO) capabilities for a connected edge to cloud ecosystem. MFBC_eDS draws an essential comparison with the baseline authentication scheme suggested by Karla and Sood. Based on the foundations of Karla and Sood’s scheme, an embedded Probabilistic Polynomial-Time Algorithm (ePPTA) and an additional Hash function for the Pi generated during Karla and Sood’s authentication were proposed and discussed. The preliminary analysis of the proposition shows that the approach is more suitable to counter major adversarial attacks in an IoV-centered environment based on the Dolev–Yao adversarial model while satisfying aspects of the Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability (CIA) triad. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Connected and Autonomous Internet of Vehicles)
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24 pages, 1267 KiB  
Article
SCARE: A Novel Switching and Collision Avoidance pRocEss for Connected Vehicles Using Virtualization and Edge Computing Paradigm
by Mauro Tropea, Floriano De Rango, Nicolas Nevigato, Luigi Bitonti and Francesco Pupo
Sensors 2021, 21(11), 3638; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113638 - 24 May 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2183
Abstract
In this paper, some collision avoidance systems based on MEC in a VANET environment are proposed and investigated. Micro services at edge are considered to support service continuity in vehicle communication and advertising. This considered system makes use of cloud and edge computing, [...] Read more.
In this paper, some collision avoidance systems based on MEC in a VANET environment are proposed and investigated. Micro services at edge are considered to support service continuity in vehicle communication and advertising. This considered system makes use of cloud and edge computing, allowing to switch communication from edge to cloud server and vice versa when possible, trying to guarantee the required constraints and balancing the communication among the servers. Simulation results were used to evaluate the performance of three considered mechanisms: the first one considering only edge with load balancing, the second one using edge/cloud switching and the third one using edge with load balancing and collision avoidance advertising. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Connected and Autonomous Internet of Vehicles)
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Review

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33 pages, 1025 KiB  
Review
A Survey of Autonomous Vehicles: Enabling Communication Technologies and Challenges
by M. Nadeem Ahangar, Qasim Z. Ahmed, Fahd A. Khan and Maryam Hafeez
Sensors 2021, 21(3), 706; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030706 - 21 Jan 2021
Cited by 202 | Viewed by 24303
Abstract
The Department of Transport in the United Kingdom recorded 25,080 motor vehicle fatalities in 2019. This situation stresses the need for an intelligent transport system (ITS) that improves road safety and security by avoiding human errors with the use of autonomous vehicles (AVs). [...] Read more.
The Department of Transport in the United Kingdom recorded 25,080 motor vehicle fatalities in 2019. This situation stresses the need for an intelligent transport system (ITS) that improves road safety and security by avoiding human errors with the use of autonomous vehicles (AVs). Therefore, this survey discusses the current development of two main components of an ITS: (1) gathering of AVs surrounding data using sensors; and (2) enabling vehicular communication technologies. First, the paper discusses various sensors and their role in AVs. Then, various communication technologies for AVs to facilitate vehicle to everything (V2X) communication are discussed. Based on the transmission range, these technologies are grouped into three main categories: long-range, medium-range and short-range. The short-range group presents the development of Bluetooth, ZigBee and ultra-wide band communication for AVs. The medium-range examines the properties of dedicated short-range communications (DSRC). Finally, the long-range group presents the cellular-vehicle to everything (C-V2X) and 5G-new radio (5G-NR). An important characteristic which differentiates each category and its suitable application is latency. This research presents a comprehensive study of AV technologies and identifies the main advantages, disadvantages, and challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Connected and Autonomous Internet of Vehicles)
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