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FBG Based Sensors
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FBG Based Sensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2020) | Viewed by 29536

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nélia J. Alberto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto de Telecomunicações, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: optical fiber sensors; fiber Bragg gratings; Fabry-Perot interferometers; fiber sensors applications; biosensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Chah Karima

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculté Ingénierie, Département d’Electromagnétisme et Télécommunication, Université de Mons, Boulevard Dolez, 31 7000 Mons, Belgique
Interests: Fibre Bragg gratings; FBG based optical fibre sensors
Dr. Damien Kinet

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculté Polytechnique, Département d’Electromagnétisme et Télécommunication, Université de Mons, Boulevard Dolez, 31 7000 Mons, Belgique
Interests: fibre Bragg gratings; distributed and quasi-distributed optical fibre sensors; FBG based optical fibre sensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are already a well-established technology. However, there has been continuous investigation and exploration aiming to answer the new challenges imposed by the different application fields. This has been possible thanks to several factors, including the innovation in the fiber and functional materials, the use of new fiber configurations, the improved performance of the interrogation systems, etc.

This Special Issue will focus on the latest developments in optical FBG sensing technologies, covering recent technological improvements in the design, fabrication, and validation of new sensors, and emerging applications.

We invite you to submit both original research papers and review articles describing the current state-of-the-art in FBG-based sensor technologies. This SI is intended to provide an overview of the present status and future outlook of the aforementioned topics. 

Topics of interests include, but are not limited to:

  • Modeling and simulation of FBGs;
  • Photosensitivity and photosensitization of optical fibers;
  • Fabrication of FBGs (silica, POF, MCF, MMF, FMF, waveguides, etc.);
  • Innovative FBG-based biomedical, chemical, and environmental sensors;
  • Innovative FBG-based mechanical and physical sensors;
  • FBGs sensors for harsh environments;
  • Effect of harsh and real environments on FBG performance and durability;
  • Sensor multiplexing and multiparameter sensors;
  • Functionalization methods and thin film coatings;
  • Integration and packaging of FBGs;
  • Miniaturization of FBG-based systems;
  • FBG interrogation methods;
  • FBG-based lasers, amplifiers, band-pass filters, etc.; and
  • Applications including, but not limited to: food, agriculture, aquaculture, environmental, aerospace, civil, mechanical, oil and gas industry, electric power systems, human and animal health, medical instrumentation, etc.

Dr. Nélia Alberto
Dr. Damien Kinet
Dr. Chah Karima
Guest Editors

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 5712 KiB  
Article
The Location Monitoring of Fatigue Crack Damage by Using the Spectral Area Extracted from FBG Spectra
by Yan Zhao, DianYin Hu, Meng Zhang, Wei Dai and Weifang Zhang
Sensors 2020, 20(8), 2375; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082375 - 22 Apr 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2760
Abstract
In this paper, a new damage feature, spectral area, was extracted to effectively detect crack location by studying the deformation mechanism of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) reflection spectra. In order to verify the robustness and reliability of spectral area to detect crack location, [...] Read more.
In this paper, a new damage feature, spectral area, was extracted to effectively detect crack location by studying the deformation mechanism of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) reflection spectra. In order to verify the robustness and reliability of spectral area to detect crack location, the following work was carried out: Firstly, the strain information was extracted by extended finite element method (XFEM) with fatigue crack propagation. The transmission matrix method (TMM) was used to simulate FBG reflection spectra using numerical results. Secondly, the fatigue crack growth monitoring experiment based on FBG sensors was carried out, and the digital image correlation (DIC) method was used to measure the strain values at the placement of FBG sensors with crack propagation. The temperature characteristic test of FBG was carried out to investigate the influence of temperature variation on the spectral area. The results presented that the spectral area was insensitive to temperature variation and experimental noise, and was greatly sensitive to the complex non-uniform strain field cause by crack damage. Moreover, compared with the 5 mm FBG sensor, the 10 mm FBG sensor showed a larger critical detection range for crack damage. Therefore, the spectral area can be used as a reliable damage feature to detect the crack location quantitatively based on the simulated and experimental results. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue FBG Based Sensors)
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16 pages, 4784 KiB  
Article
Detection of Crack Locations in Aluminum Alloy Structures Using FBG Sensors
by Weifang Zhang, Meng Zhang, Yudong Lan, Yan Zhao and Wei Dai
Sensors 2020, 20(2), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20020347 - 8 Jan 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3423
Abstract
This study investigated the reflected spectral deformation mechanism of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors with crack propagation. This analysis was performed based on the simulated FBG response by applying modified-transfer matrix modeling (TMM) with the strain states, which were extracted by the finite [...] Read more.
This study investigated the reflected spectral deformation mechanism of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors with crack propagation. This analysis was performed based on the simulated FBG response by applying modified-transfer matrix modeling (TMM) with the strain states, which were extracted by the finite element method (FEM) analysis. Experimental data were obtained from FBG sensors bonded in an aluminum alloy structure and subjected to multiple crack lengths, and the strain values were obtained by digital image correlation (DIC) technology. Based on the simulations and the experimental full spectral response, we compared the performance of two damage features: The full width at half maximum (FWHM) and the spectral difference. In addition, results showed that the two features were insensitive to experimental noise and were highly sensitive to the complex strain field caused by crack propagation. Moreover, the damage features changes in the crack propagation process also provided a way for crack position measurement. Ultimately, the 10 mm grating lengths sensors showed better performance to the crack detection with longer sensitivity distance. According to the research in this paper, the crack position was quantitatively determined by evaluating different damage features of the reflected spectrum. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue FBG Based Sensors)
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12 pages, 4312 KiB  
Article
Wheelchair Pressure Ulcer Prevention Using FBG Based Sensing Devices
by Cátia Tavares, M. Fátima Domingues, Tiago Paixão, Nélia Alberto, Hugo Silva and Paulo Antunes
Sensors 2020, 20(1), 212; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20010212 - 30 Dec 2019
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 8010
Abstract
In this work, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based sensing system for wheelchair pressure ulcer prevention was developed. Six FBGs were strategically positioned in a wheelchair to monitor the more prominent bone areas, namely scapulas (right (SR) and left (SL)), ischiatic zone (right [...] Read more.
In this work, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based sensing system for wheelchair pressure ulcer prevention was developed. Six FBGs were strategically positioned in a wheelchair to monitor the more prominent bone areas, namely scapulas (right (SR) and left (SL)), ischiatic zone (right (IR) and left (IL)), and heels (right (HR) and left (HL)). The sensing architecture was tested by a female user during pressure relief exercises, to verify its effectiveness on pressure monitoring. The proposed system proves to be a compact and reliable solution for wheelchair pressure ulcer prevention, making it a suitable alternative to existing conventional electronic sensors, with the advantage of being immune to electromagnetic interferences and usable in humid environments. In addition to the pressure, the breathing rate was also monitored. By combining the proposed sensing architecture with a wheelchair user detection software, it is possible to create alerts for the user to know when a new position should be adopted, in order to relieve the pressure in a specific area, thus avoiding one of the biggest problems for such patients, pressure ulcers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue FBG Based Sensors)
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15 pages, 8936 KiB  
Article
Detection of Glaze Icing Load and Temperature of Composite Insulators Using Fiber Bragg Grating
by Jie Wei, Yanpeng Hao, Yuan Fu, Lin Yang, Jiulin Gan and Zhongmin Yang
Sensors 2019, 19(6), 1321; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19061321 - 16 Mar 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3856
Abstract
Conventional methods for the online monitoring of icing conditions of composite insulators suffer from difficulties. To solve this issue, a novel method is first proposed to detect glaze icing load via embedding three optical fibers with fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) into a 10 [...] Read more.
Conventional methods for the online monitoring of icing conditions of composite insulators suffer from difficulties. To solve this issue, a novel method is first proposed to detect glaze icing load via embedding three optical fibers with fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) into a 10 kV composite insulator. Specifically, FBG temperature compensation sensors were packaged in ceramic tubes to solve strain and temperature cross-sensitivity. Temperature effect experiments and simulated glaze icing load experiments were performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that temperature sensitivities of all FBGs are identical (i.e., 10.68 pm/°C), which achieves a simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain. In addition, the proposed method can detect glaze icing load of the composite insulator above 0.5 N (i.e., 15% of icicle bridged degree) in the laboratory. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue FBG Based Sensors)
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26 pages, 8319 KiB  
Article
The Analysis of FBG Central Wavelength Variation with Crack Propagation Based on a Self-Adaptive Multi-Peak Detection Algorithm
by Weifang Zhang, Meng Zhang, Xiangyu Wang, Yan Zhao, Bo Jin and Wei Dai
Sensors 2019, 19(5), 1056; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19051056 - 1 Mar 2019
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 5311
Abstract
We propose a peak seeking algorithm to extract the damage characteristic-variation of central wavelength to monitor the crack damage status in aluminum alloy plates using surface bonded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The FBG sensors are sensitive to the uniform and non-uniform strain [...] Read more.
We propose a peak seeking algorithm to extract the damage characteristic-variation of central wavelength to monitor the crack damage status in aluminum alloy plates using surface bonded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors. The FBG sensors are sensitive to the uniform and non-uniform strain distribution along their longitudinal direction, and the effect appears in the power spectrum of the reflected light from the gauge section. In this paper, we propose a fast-self-adaptive multi-peak seeking algorithm to detect the central wavelength shifting of the FBG reflection spectrum with the crack propagation. The proposed peak searching algorithm results point to a significant improvement compared to other conventional methods. Then the central wavelength shifting is applied to explain the crack propagation behavior of the aluminum plates under quasi-static tensile test conditions. The different damages feature changing intervals which are associated with the crack position and the FBGs location, demonstrating that central wavelength shifting performs as an indicator to detect structural crack damage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue FBG Based Sensors)
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11 pages, 16823 KiB  
Article
A Fast Linearly Wavelength Step-Swept Light Source Based on Recirculating Frequency Shifter and Its Application to FBG Sensor Interrogation
by Quan Yuan, Zhaoying Wang, Lipei Song, Zhaoyu Lu, Diannan Hu, Jiaqi Qin and Tianxin Yang
Sensors 2019, 19(3), 593; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19030593 - 30 Jan 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4502
Abstract
A wavelength step-swept light source (WSSL) using a recirculating frequency shifter loop (RFSL) based on a single-side-band (SSB) modulator is proposed, in order to achieve a linear and fast wavelength-sweeping. The swept step can be tuned from 1.2 pm to 128 pm by [...] Read more.
A wavelength step-swept light source (WSSL) using a recirculating frequency shifter loop (RFSL) based on a single-side-band (SSB) modulator is proposed, in order to achieve a linear and fast wavelength-sweeping. The swept step can be tuned from 1.2 pm to 128 pm by adjusting a precise and stable radio frequency (RF) signal that is applied to the SSB modulator. The swept rate can be tuned up to 99 kHz in a range of over 5.12 nm. Wavelength-to-time mapping is used to measure static strain-induced or temperature-induced shifting of the reflected central wavelength of a fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Because of the high linearity of the light source, the interrogation linearity of the strain and the temperature are as high as 0.99944 and 0.99946, respectively. When a dynamic periodic strain applied to FBG sensor, the dynamic performance of the FBG sensor is successfully recorded in the time domain and its power spectral density of a fast Fourier transform (FFT) is calculated. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the power spectral density is over 40 dB for a 100 Hz dynamic strain and the calculated sensitivity is 0.048 με/Hz1/2. A sharp change in the strain frequency from 100 Hz to 500 Hz is captured in real time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue FBG Based Sensors)
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