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Sensors
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Wireless Sensor Network and IoT Technologies for Smart Cities
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Wireless Sensor Network and IoT Technologies for Smart Cities

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Physical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2024) | Viewed by 4333

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Nurul Sarkar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
Interests: UAV networks, IoT, sensor networks, network protocols, wireless communication netwok, 5G and beyond, edge and fog computing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. G. G. Md. Nawaz Ali

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Bradley University, Peoria, IL 61625, USA
Interests: V2X communication; 5G NR; connected and autonomous vehicle (CAV); scheduling and broadcasting; data analytics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Wireless sensor network (WSN), Internet of Things (IoT), and other smart wireless technologies including Bluetooth and Zigbee can play an important role in the design and implementation of smart cities worldwide. The implementation of smart cities may involve developing various smart applications and intelligent management systems so that smart apps can interact with internet-enabled devices for the remote monitoring of physical things and efficient management of smart cities. For instance, public and private transportation management, air pollution control, park management, crime control, power/energy management, water supply, roading systems, and smart lighting, are a few examples that require remote monitoring/sensing and intelligent decision making for improved performance. The topics of this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Technologies for smart cities;
  • Recent trends and methodologies for designing smart cities;
  • Smart apps for smart cities;
  • Integrating apps and devices in smart cities;
  • Artificial intelligence in smart cities;
  • Fog and cloud computing in smart cities;
  • Smart buildings, smart meters, smart lighting, and smart roading in smart cities;
  • Monitor and control of physical things for smart cities;
  • Smart energy management in smart cities;
  • Wireless sensor technologies and IoT networks for smart cities;
  • Smart and intelligent transportation for smart cities.

Prof. Dr. Nurul I. Sarkar
Dr. G. G. Md. Nawaz Ali
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • IoT
  • cognitive IoT
  • artificial intelligence
  • wireless sensor network
  • sensor network systems
  • energy management
  • low-power sensor systems
  • smart technologies
  • green computing and systems
  • sustainable networks
  • smart and intelligent transportation

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 6035 KiB  
Article
A Study of Downlink Power-Domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access Performance in Tactile Internet Employing Sensors and Actuators
by Vaibhav Fanibhare, Nurul I. Sarkar and Adnan Al-Anbuky
Sensors 2024, 24(22), 7220; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24227220 - 12 Nov 2024
Viewed by 465
Abstract
The Tactile Internet (TI) characterises the transformative paradigm that aims to support real-time control and haptic communication between humans and machines, heavily relying on a dense network of sensors and actuators. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a promising enabler of TI that enhances [...] Read more.
The Tactile Internet (TI) characterises the transformative paradigm that aims to support real-time control and haptic communication between humans and machines, heavily relying on a dense network of sensors and actuators. Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is a promising enabler of TI that enhances interactions between sensors and actuators, which are collectively considered as users, and thus supports multiple users simultaneously in sharing the same Resource Block (RB), consequently offering remarkable improvements in spectral efficiency and latency. This article proposes a novel downlink power domain Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) NOMA communication scenario for TI by considering multiple users and a base station. The Signal-to-Interference Noise Ratio (SINR), sum rate and fair Power Allocation (PA) coefficients are mathematically derived in the SISO-NOMA system model. The simulations are performed with two-user and three-user scenarios to evaluate the system performance in terms of Bit Error Rate (BER), sum rate and latency between SISO-NOMA and traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) schemes. Moreover, outage probability is analysed with varying fixed Power Allocation (PA) coefficients in the SISO-NOMA scheme. In addition, we present the outage probability, sum rate and latency analyses for fixed and derived fair PA coefficients, thus promoting dynamic PA and user fairness by efficiently utilising the available spectrum. Finally, the performance of 4 × 4 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) NOMA incorporating zero forcing-based beamforming and a round-robin scheduling process is compared and analysed with SISO-NOMA in terms of achievable sum rate and latency. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensor Network and IoT Technologies for Smart Cities)
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23 pages, 4847 KiB  
Article
An Analysis of Blockchain-Based IoT Sensor Network Distributed Denial of Service Attacks
by Kithmini Godewatte Arachchige, Philip Branch and Jason But
Sensors 2024, 24(10), 3083; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24103083 - 12 May 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1773
Abstract
The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain are emerging technologies that have attracted attention in many industries, including healthcare, automotive, and supply chain. IoT networks and devices are typically low-powered and susceptible to cyber intrusions. However, blockchains hold considerable potential for securing low-power [...] Read more.
The Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain are emerging technologies that have attracted attention in many industries, including healthcare, automotive, and supply chain. IoT networks and devices are typically low-powered and susceptible to cyber intrusions. However, blockchains hold considerable potential for securing low-power IoT networks. Blockchain networks provide security features such as encryption, decentralisation, time stamps, and ledger functions. The integration of blockchain and IoT technologies may address many of the security concerns. However, integrating blockchain with IoT raises several issues, including the security vulnerabilities and anomalies of blockchain-based IoT networks. In this paper, we report on our experiments using our blockchain test bed to demonstrate that blockchains on IoT platforms are vulnerable to DDoS attacks, which can also potentially lead to device hardware failures. We show that a number of anomalies are visible during either a DDoS attack or IoT device failure. In particular, the temperature of IoT hardware devices can exceed 90 °C during a DDoS attack, which could lead to hardware failure and potential fire hazards. We also found that the Block Transaction Rate (BTR) and network block loss percentage can increase due to corrupted hardware, with the BTR dropping to nearly zero blocks/sec and a block loss percentage of over 50 percent for all evaluated blockchains, and as high as 81.3 percent in one case. Our experiments demonstrate that anomalous temperature, latency, bandwidth, BTR, and network block loss percentage can potentially be used to identify DDoS attacks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensor Network and IoT Technologies for Smart Cities)
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15 pages, 1179 KiB  
Communication
Distance-Based Queuing for Scalable and Reliable Linear Wireless Sensor Networks in Smart Cities
by Iclia Villordo-Jimenez , Noé Torres-Cruz, Rolando Menchaca-Mendez and Mario E. Rivero-Angeles
Sensors 2024, 24(7), 2023; https://doi.org/10.3390/s24072023 - 22 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1470
Abstract
The reliability and scalability of Linear Wireless Sensor Networks (LWSNs) are limited by the high packet loss probabilities (PLP) experienced by the packets generated at nodes far from the sink node. This is an important limitation in Smart City applications, where timely data [...] Read more.
The reliability and scalability of Linear Wireless Sensor Networks (LWSNs) are limited by the high packet loss probabilities (PLP) experienced by the packets generated at nodes far from the sink node. This is an important limitation in Smart City applications, where timely data collection is critical for decision making. Unfortunately, previous works have not addressed this problem and have only focused on improving the network’s overall performance. In this work, we propose a Distance-Based Queuing (DBQ) scheme that can be incorporated into MAC protocols for LWSNs to improve reliability and scalability without requiring extra local processing or additional signaling at the nodes. The DBQ scheme prioritizes the transmission of relay packets based on their hop distance to the sink node, ensuring that all packets experience the same PLP. To evaluate the effectiveness of our proposal, we developed an analytical model and conducted extensive discrete-event simulations. Our numerical results demonstrate that the DBQ scheme significantly improves the reliability and scalability of the network by achieving the same average PLP and throughput for all nodes, regardless of traffic intensities and network sizes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wireless Sensor Network and IoT Technologies for Smart Cities)
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