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Sensors in Podiatry
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Sensors in Podiatry

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 18210

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Daniel López-López

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Guest Editor
Research, Health and Podiatry Group, Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, Universidade da Coruña, 150403 Ferrol, Spain
Interests: biomechanics; quality of life; shoes; pain; epidemiology; orthopedic; podiatry; prevention and promotion of the health; rehabilitation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922 Alcorcón, Spain
Interests: health care; biomechanics; quality of life; shoes; pain; epidemiology; orthopedic; podiatry; prevention and promotion of the health; rehabilitation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. César Calvo-Lobo

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: ligaments; muscles; myofascial pain syndrome; musculoskeletal disorders; sports; tendons; ultrasonography
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. David Rodríguez Sanz

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Guest Editor
Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: feet; ligaments; muscles; musculoskeletal disorders; sports; tendons; ultrasonography
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Prof. Pedro Vicente Munuera Martínez

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Guest Editor
Department of Podiatry, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
Interests: Pie, Foot, Ortesis, Foot orthotics, Biomecánica, Biomechanics
Prof. Dr. Ricardo Becerro de Bengoa Vallejo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: feet; ligaments; muscles; musculoskeletal disorders; reliability; sports; tendons; ultrasonography; validation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Podiatry is evolving along with the advancement of sensing technologies. Advanced technologies have resulted in a range of clinical instruments, including imaging and sensing tools for the assessment, diagnosis, and control of the health and disease of both foot bones and soft musculoskeletal tissues, and are involved in procedures related to treatment planning and fabrication in preventive podiatry, orthotics and prosthetics, biomechanical analysis, and foot and ankle surgery. 

The recent advances in optical sources and detectors have unique applications for podiatry research, particularly when it comes to non-destructive testing. I would like to invite my colleagues from across the world to contribute their expertise, insights, and findings in the form of novel and original research articles and reviews for this Special Issue entitled “Sensors in Podiatry”. 

This Special Issue will cover all aspects of clinical and research applications of sensing technologies operating in any region of the electromagnetic spectrum in the field of podiatry. Special attention will be given to platforms of gait and posture devices, ultrasound machines, electromyography equipment, thermography evaluation, and other imaging techniques in the podiatry field. 

Especially we encourage the submission of interdisciplinary work and multi-country collaborative research. We welcome novel research papers using different study designs as well as systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Prof. Dr. Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias
Prof. Dr. César Calvo-Lobo
Prof. Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo
Prof. Pedro Vicente Munuera Martínez
Prof. Dr. Daniel López-López
Guest Editors

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Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1099 KiB  
Article
Study of the Distortion of the Indirect Angular Measurements of the Calcaneus Due to Perspective: In Vitro Testing
by Isidoro Espinosa-Moyano, María Reina-Bueno, Inmaculada C. Palomo-Toucedo, José Rafael González-López, José Manuel Castillo-López and Gabriel Domínguez-Maldonado
Sensors 2021, 21(8), 2585; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21082585 - 7 Apr 2021
Viewed by 1728
Abstract
The study of the foot is relevant in kinematic analyses of gait. Images captured through a lens can be subjected to various aberrations or distortions that affect the measurements. An in vitro study was performed with a rearfoot simulator to compare the apparent [...] Read more.
The study of the foot is relevant in kinematic analyses of gait. Images captured through a lens can be subjected to various aberrations or distortions that affect the measurements. An in vitro study was performed with a rearfoot simulator to compare the apparent degrees (photographed) with the real ones (placed in the simulator) in the plane of the rearfoot’s orientation, according to variations in the capture angle in other planes of space (the sagittal plane and transverse plane—the latter determined by the foot progression angle). The following regression formula was calculated to correct the distortion of the image: real frontal plane = 0.045 + (1.014 × apparent frontal plane) − (0.018 × sagittal plane × foot progression angle). Considering the results of this study, and already knowing its angle in the transverse and sagittal planes, it is possible to determine the angle of a simulated calcaneus with respect to the ground in the frontal plane, in spite of distortions caused by perspective and the lack of perpendicularity, by applying the above regression formula. The results show that the angular measurements of a body segment made on frames can produce erroneous data due to the variation in the perspective from which the image is taken. This distortion must be considered when determining the real values of the measurements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors in Podiatry)
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14 pages, 3095 KiB  
Article
Effects of Artificial Texture Insoles and Foot Arches on Improving Arch Collapse in Flat Feet
by Yao-Te Wang, Jong-Chen Chen and Ying-Sheng Lin
Sensors 2020, 20(13), 3667; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20133667 - 30 Jun 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 5844
Abstract
The arches of the foot play a vital role in cushioning the impact and pressure generated from ground reaction forces due to body weight. Owing to a lack of normal human arch structure, people diagnosed as having flat feet often have discomfort in [...] Read more.
The arches of the foot play a vital role in cushioning the impact and pressure generated from ground reaction forces due to body weight. Owing to a lack of normal human arch structure, people diagnosed as having flat feet often have discomfort in the soles of their feet. The results may not only cause inappropriate foot pressure distribution on the sole but also further cause foot injuries. This study heavily relies on a homemade foot pressure sensing device equipped with textured insoles of different heights and artificial arches. This was to explore the extent to which the pressure distribution of the foot in people with flat feet could be improved. A further comparison was made of the effects of using the textured insoles with different heights on two different groups of people diagnosed with flat and normal feet respectively. Sixty-five undergraduate and postgraduate volunteers were invited to receive the ink footprint test for measuring their degrees of arch index. Nine of these 65 had 2 flat feet, 3 had a left flat foot, 5 had a right flat foot, and 48 had 2 normal feet. To ensure the same number of subjects in both the control and the experimental groups, 9 of the 48 subjects who had normal feet were randomly selected. In total, 26 subjects (Male: 25, Female: 1; Age: 22 ± 1 years; height: 173.6 ± 2.5 cm; body mass: 68.3 ± 5.4 kg; BMI: 22.6 ± 1.2) were invited to participate in this foot pressure sensing insoles study. The experimental results showed that the use of textured insoles designed with different heights could not effectively improve the plantar pressure distribution and body stability in subjects with flat feet. Conversely, the use of an artificial arch effectively improved the excessive peak in pressure and poor body stability, and alleviated the problem of plantar collapse for patients with flat feet, especially in the inner part of their hallux and forefoot. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors in Podiatry)
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16 pages, 2037 KiB  
Article
The Validity and Reliability of a New Simple Instrument for the Measurement of First Ray Mobility
by Pedro V. Munuera-Martínez, Priscila Távara-Vidalón, Manuel A. Monge-Vera, Antonia Sáez-Díaz and Guillermo Lafuente-Sotillos
Sensors 2020, 20(8), 2207; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20082207 - 14 Apr 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 6721
Abstract
Several methods have been described to quantify the first ray mobility. They all have certain disadvantages (great size, sophistication, or lack of validation). The objective of this work was to study the validity and reliability of a new instrument for the measurement of [...] Read more.
Several methods have been described to quantify the first ray mobility. They all have certain disadvantages (great size, sophistication, or lack of validation). The objective of this work was to study the validity and reliability of a new instrument for the measurement of first ray mobility. Anterior-posterior radiographs were obtained from 25 normal feet and 24 hallux valgus feet, with the first ray in a neutral position, maximally dorsiflexed and maximally plantarflexed. The first ray mobility was radiographicaly measured in both groups, and was also manually examined with the new device. A cluster analysis determined whether normal and hallux valgus feet were correctly classified, and a graphic analysis of Bland-Altman was performed to compare the radiographic and manual measurement techniques. Based on the radiographs, the first ray mobility only showed significant differences in dorsiflexion between both groups (P = 0.015). First ray dorsiflexion, plantarflexion and total range of motion measured with the new device were different between both groups (P = 0.040, P = 0.011 and P = 0.006, respectively). The silhouette measure of the cohesion and separation coefficients from the cluster analysis was greater than 0.50 for the dorsiflexion, plantarflexion and total range of motion obtained from the radiographs and from the new device. The Bland-Altman graph suggested that 96% of the data presented agreement between both measurement methods. These results suggested that the new instrument was valid and reliable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors in Podiatry)
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12 pages, 543 KiB  
Article
Influence of Different Hardness Custom Foot Insoles in the Electromyography Activity Patterns of the Thigh and Hip Muscles during Motorcycling Sport: A Crossover Study
by Israel Casado-Hernández, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Eva María Martínez-Jiménez, Daniel López-López, Victoria Mazoteras-Pardo, Carlos Romero-Morales and César Calvo-Lobo
Sensors 2020, 20(6), 1551; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20061551 - 11 Mar 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2763
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of insoles in sport practice have been recognized to decrease the foot and lower limb injury patterns. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of four types of hardness insoles (HI) in the activity patterns of the [...] Read more.
Nowadays, the use of insoles in sport practice have been recognized to decrease the foot and lower limb injury patterns. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of four types of hardness insoles (HI) in the activity patterns of the hip and thigh muscles (HTM) in motoriders during motorcycling sport. The study was a crossover trial. Subjects were elite motoriders. The mean age was 33 ± 5.14 years. Electromyography (EMG) of hip and thigh muscles (HTM) data was registered via surface while subjects were riding on an elite motorcycle simulator. Subjects had to complete different tests with randomly hardest insoles (HI): 1: only polypropylene (58° D Shore); 2: Polypropylene (58° D Shore) with selective aluminium in hallux and metatarsal heads (60 HB Brinell hardness); 3: Ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) (52° A Shore); and finally, 4: Ordinary EVA (25° A Shore) as the control. EMG patterns of the HTM, riding on an elite motorcycle simulator, showed the lowest peak amplitude with the insoles with polypropylene and selective aluminium. Using the hardest insoles in our study (selective aluminium) the EMG amplitude peaks decreased in all HTM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors in Podiatry)
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