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Fiber-Based Sensing Technology: Recent Progresses and New Challenges
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Fiber-Based Sensing Technology: Recent Progresses and New Challenges

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2019) | Viewed by 35998

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Luciano Mescia

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Guest Editor
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Politecnico di Bari, via E. Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy
Interests: electroporation; pulsed eletric field; computational dosimetry; electropermeabilization; cell membrane; transmembrane voltage; electromagnetic simulations
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sylvain Girard

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratoire Hubert Curien, CNRS UMR 5516, Université de Lyon, 42000 Saint-Étienne, France
Interests: fiber sensors; optical sensors; image sensors; optical materials; radiation effects
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Pietro Bia

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Guest Editor
Design Solution Department, Elettronica SpA, 00131 Rome, Italy
Interests: fractional FDTD; antennas; fiber optics; multiphysical modeling
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear  Colleagues,

Progress in fiber-based sensing technology has brought tremendous potential to satisfy a lot of current human needs by playing a fundamental and strategic role in the development of current and future optical systems, designed to be employed in the field of communication, medical diagnostics and therapy, remote sensing, material processing, directed energy application, and a lot of other areas. Moreover, there are fiber-optic based sensors that are being considered for integration in a large variety of applications. Worldwide research efforts are currently focused on new/future and existing materials, novel modeling approaches, and fabrication and characterization techniques, with the aim to improve the performance of fiber-based sensor devices and systems.

We invite researchers to contribute original papers as well as review articles showing the state-of-the-art, theoretical, and applicative advances, new experimental discoveries, and novel technological improvements regarding fiber-based sensing technology. Both experimental and theoretical investigations are welcome for this Special Issue.
Potential topics include, but are not limited to:

  • Distributed fiber sensing
  • Theoretical and numerical modelling
  • Physical, mechanical, and electromagnetic sensors
  • Chemical, environmental, biological and medical sensors
  • Micro- and nano-structured fiber sensors
  • Applications of fiber optic sensors and systems
  • Fiber optic sensing in harsh environments
  • Novel methods in fiber optic sensing
  • Fiber Bragg gratings
  • Design, fabrication, and testing of specialty optical fibers
  • New concepts for fiber sensors: surface plasmons, slow-light
  • Raman, Brillouin and Rayleigh-based sensors
  • Microfiber sensors
  • Fiber optic smart structures

Prof. Luciano Mescia
Prof. Dr. Sylvain Girard
Dr. Pietro Bia
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3021 KiB  
Article
Low-Finesse Fabry–Pérot Interferometers Applied in the Study of the Relation between the Optical Path Difference and Poles Location
by José Trinidad Guillen Bonilla, Héctor Guillen Bonilla, Verónica María Rodríguez Betancourtt, María Eugenia Sánchez Morales, Juan Reyes Gómez, Antonio Casillas Zamora and Alex Guillen Bonilla
Sensors 2020, 20(2), 453; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20020453 - 13 Jan 2020
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2726
Abstract
Interferometry sensors are frequently analyzed by applying the Fourier transform because the transformation separates all frequency components of its signal, making its study on a complex plane feasible. In this work, we study the relation between the optical path difference (OPD) and poles [...] Read more.
Interferometry sensors are frequently analyzed by applying the Fourier transform because the transformation separates all frequency components of its signal, making its study on a complex plane feasible. In this work, we study the relation between the optical path difference (OPD) and poles location theoretically and experimentally, using the Laplace transform and a pole-zero map. Theory and experiments are in concordance. For our study, only the cosine function was considered, which is filtered from the interference pattern. In experimental work, two unperturbed low-finesse Fabry–Pérot interferometers were used. First, a Fabry–Pérot interferometer that has a cavity length of ~ 1.6 mm was used. Its optical path difference was 2.33 mm and the poles were localized at points ± i 12 . rad/nm. Secondly, a Fabry–Pérot interferometer with a cavity length of ~ 5.2 mm was used, and its optical path difference was 7.59 mm and the poles were localized at points ± i 40.4 rad/nm. Experimental results confirmed the theoretical analysis. Our proposal finds practical application for interferometer analysis, signal processing of optical fiber sensors, communication system analysis, and multiplexing systems based on interferometers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber-Based Sensing Technology: Recent Progresses and New Challenges)
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12 pages, 2413 KiB  
Article
Polymer Fibers Covered by Soft Multilayered Films for Sensing Applications in Composite Materials
by Dorian Nikoniuk, Karolina Bednarska, Maksymilian Sienkiewicz, Grzegorz Krzesiński, Mateusz Olszyna, Lars Dähne, Tomasz R. Woliński and Piotr Lesiak
Sensors 2019, 19(18), 4052; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19184052 - 19 Sep 2019
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3405
Abstract
This paper presents the possibility of applying a soft polymer coating by means of a layer-by-layer (LbL) technique to highly birefringent polymer optical fibers designed for laminating in composite materials. In contrast to optical fibers made of pure silica glass, polymer optical fibers [...] Read more.
This paper presents the possibility of applying a soft polymer coating by means of a layer-by-layer (LbL) technique to highly birefringent polymer optical fibers designed for laminating in composite materials. In contrast to optical fibers made of pure silica glass, polymer optical fibers are manufactured without a soft polymer coating. In typical sensor applications, the absence of a buffer coating is an advantage. However, highly birefringent polymer optical fibers laminated in a composite material are much more sensitive to temperature changes than polymer optical fibers in a free space as a result of the thermal expansion of the composite material. To prevent this, we have covered highly birefringent polymer optical fibers with a soft polymer coating of different thickness and measured the temperature sensitivity of each solution. The results obtained show that the undesired temperature sensitivity of the laminated optical fiber decreases as the thickness of the coating layer increases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber-Based Sensing Technology: Recent Progresses and New Challenges)
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9 pages, 2985 KiB  
Article
An Event Recognition Method for Φ-OTDR Sensing System Based on Deep Learning
by Yi Shi, Yuanye Wang, Lei Zhao and Zhun Fan
Sensors 2019, 19(15), 3421; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153421 - 4 Aug 2019
Cited by 116 | Viewed by 7319
Abstract
Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) based distributed optical fiber sensing system has been widely used in many fields such as long range pipeline pre-warning, perimeter security and structure health monitoring. However, the lack of event recognition ability is always being the bottleneck [...] Read more.
Phase-sensitive optical time domain reflectometer (Φ-OTDR) based distributed optical fiber sensing system has been widely used in many fields such as long range pipeline pre-warning, perimeter security and structure health monitoring. However, the lack of event recognition ability is always being the bottleneck of Φ-OTDR in field application. An event recognition method based on deep learning is proposed in this paper. This method directly uses the temporal-spatial data matrix from Φ-OTDR as the input of a convolutional neural network (CNN). Only a simple bandpass filtering and a gray scale transformation are needed as the pre-processing, which achieves real-time. Besides, an optimized network structure with small size, high training speed and high classification accuracy is built. Experiment results based on 5644 events samples show that this network can achieve 96.67% classification accuracy in recognition of 5 kinds of events and the retraining time is only 7 min for a new sensing setup. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber-Based Sensing Technology: Recent Progresses and New Challenges)
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8 pages, 1571 KiB  
Article
Kagome Hollow Core Fiber-Based Mid-Infrared Dispersion Spectroscopy of Methane at Sub-ppm Levels
by Karol Krzempek, Krzysztof Abramski and Michal Nikodem
Sensors 2019, 19(15), 3352; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19153352 - 31 Jul 2019
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 4272
Abstract
In this paper, we demonstrate the laser-based gas sensing of methane near 3.3 µm inside hollow-core photonic crystal fibers. We exploit a novel anti-resonant Kagome-type hollow-core fiber with a large core diameter (more than 100 µm) which results in gas filling times of [...] Read more.
In this paper, we demonstrate the laser-based gas sensing of methane near 3.3 µm inside hollow-core photonic crystal fibers. We exploit a novel anti-resonant Kagome-type hollow-core fiber with a large core diameter (more than 100 µm) which results in gas filling times of less than 10 s for 1.3-m-long fibers. Using a difference frequency generation source and chirped laser dispersion spectroscopy technique, methane sensing with sub-parts-per-million by volume detection limit is performed. The detection of ambient methane is also demonstrated. The presented results indicate the feasibility of using a hollow-core fiber for increasing the path-length and improving the sensitivity of the mid-infrared gas sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber-Based Sensing Technology: Recent Progresses and New Challenges)
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13 pages, 4579 KiB  
Article
Feasibility Study on Temperature Distribution Measurement Method of Thrust Sliding Bearing Bush Based on FBG Quasi-Distributed Sensing
by Hu Liu, Qiang Yu, Yuegang Tan, Wenjun Xu, Bing Huang, Zhichao Xie and Jian Mao
Sensors 2019, 19(14), 3245; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19143245 - 23 Jul 2019
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4495
Abstract
According to the characteristics of the temperature distribution of the thrust sliding bearing bush, the principle and method of quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing is used to measure it. The key problems such as calibration, arrangement and lying of optical FBG sensors [...] Read more.
According to the characteristics of the temperature distribution of the thrust sliding bearing bush, the principle and method of quasi-distributed fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing is used to measure it. The key problems such as calibration, arrangement and lying of optical FBG sensors are studied by using the simulated thrust sliding bearing bush, which was customized in the laboratory. Combined with the thrust sliding bearing bush, the measurement experiments were carried out, which were divided into two groups: Steady-state experiments and transient experiment. The steady-state experiments obtain the temperature data measured by the FBG temperature sensors at each setting temperature, and the transient experiment obtains the relationship between the measured temperature by each temperature sensor and time in the heating and cooling process. The experimental results showed that the FBG temperature sensors had good accuracy, stability and consistency when measuring the temperature distribution of bearing bush. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber-Based Sensing Technology: Recent Progresses and New Challenges)
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Review

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28 pages, 15212 KiB  
Review
Recent Progress on Electromagnetic Field Measurement Based on Optical Sensors
by Jun Peng, Shuhai Jia, Jiaming Bian, Shuo Zhang, Jianben Liu and Xing Zhou
Sensors 2019, 19(13), 2860; https://doi.org/10.3390/s19132860 - 27 Jun 2019
Cited by 69 | Viewed by 12654
Abstract
Electromagnetic field sensors are widely used in various areas. In recent years, great progress has been made in the optical sensing technique for electromagnetic field measurement, and varieties of corresponding sensors have been proposed. Types of magnetic field optical sensors were presented, including [...] Read more.
Electromagnetic field sensors are widely used in various areas. In recent years, great progress has been made in the optical sensing technique for electromagnetic field measurement, and varieties of corresponding sensors have been proposed. Types of magnetic field optical sensors were presented, including probes-based Faraday effect, magnetostrictive materials, and magnetic fluid. The sensing system-based Faraday effect is complex, and the sensors are mostly used in intensive magnetic field measurement. Magnetic field optical sensors based on magnetic fluid have high sensitivity compared to that based on magnetostrictive materials. Three types of electric field optical sensors are presented, including the sensor probes based on electric-optic crystal, piezoelectric materials, and electrostatic attraction. The majority of sensors are developed using the sensing scheme of combining the LiNbO3 crystal and optical fiber interferometer due to the good electro-optic properties of the crystal. The piezoelectric materials-based electric field sensors have simple structure and easy fabrication, but it is not suitable for weak electric field measurement. The sensing principle based on electrostatic attraction is less commonly-used sensing methods. This review aims at presenting the advances in optical sensing technology for electromagnetic field measurement, analyzing the principles of different types of sensors and discussing each advantage and disadvantage, as well as the future outlook on the performance improvement of sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fiber-Based Sensing Technology: Recent Progresses and New Challenges)
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