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Optical Immunosensors
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Optical Immunosensors

A special issue of Sensors (ISSN 1424-8220). This special issue belongs to the section "Optical Sensors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2020) | Viewed by 24399

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elena Benito-Peña

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Complutensian University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: optical (bio)sensing; bioinspired materials; biotechnology; analytical chemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. David Gimenez-Romero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Valencia, Avda. Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Valencia, Spain
Interests: (bio)sensing; reaction mechanism; kinetics; protein–protein interactions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Volume will be dedicated to optical immunosensing. For decades, these sensors have been finding their way into an increasing number of industrial, environmental, pharmaceutical, medical, food quality control, and engineering applications. Optical immunosensors cost-effectively improve the reliability and efficiency of control systems, making them in great demand. Thus, this Special Issue aims to publish research with a broad scope covering all the aspects of optical sensing. According to the working principle of the transducer, optical immunosensors are based on absorption, reflectance, luminescence (fluorescence and phosphorescence), reflectance, chemi/bioluminescence, thermo/electrochemiluminescence, Raman spectrometry—surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)—refractometry—surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) and interferometry—photoacoustic, photoluminescence, and photoelectrochemistry. Examples of immunosensors include antibody-based imaging, antibody-based microarrays, and miniaturized optical immunosensors, as well as the incorporation to immunosensing platforms of nanomaterials such as quantum and carbon dots, graphene, metal–organic frameworks, nucleic acid origami, among many others for plasmonic and photonic configurations.

This Special Issue welcomes both reviews and original research articles in the field of optical immunosensors. Topics include but are not restricted to optical–fiber platforms, liquid crystals, optical waveguide light-mode spectroscopy (OWLS), white light reflectance spectroscopy (WLRS), and dual-polarization interferometry (DPI). Combination with biological or bioinspired receptors such as aptamers, dendrimers, bacteriophages, affibodies, nanobiohybrid materials, and molecularly imprinted polymers is also of interest. There is no limit to the chemical and biological aspects by which an optical immunosensor can be manufactured. This issue emphasizes both the biological and transduction aspects of optical immunosensors.

Prof. Dr. Elena Benito-Peña
Prof. Dr. David Gimenez-Romero
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Sensors is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Immunosensor
  • Immunoassay
  • Immunoanalysis
  • Bioimaging
  • Platforms
  • Biochip
  • Protein chips
  • Immunochips
  • Microarrays
  • Multiplexed analysis
  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
  • Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR)
  • Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)
  • Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)
  • Optical waveguide light-mode spectroscopy (OWLS)
  • White light reflectance spectroscopy (WLRS)
  • Dual-polarization interferometry (DPI)
  • Evanescent wave
  • Label-free immunosensors
  • Protein immobilization
  • Antigen immobilization
  • Antibody immobilization
  • Microfluidic chips
  • Immuno-PCR
  • Bioreceptors
  • Antibody
  • Recombinant antibody
  • Nanobody
  • Mimotope
  • Phages
  • Phage-display
  • Aptamer
  • Affibodies
  • Molecularly imprinted polymers
  • Nanomaterials
  • Nanostructures
  • Nanoparticles
  • Quantum dots
  • Nanotubes
  • Nanowires

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3428 KiB  
Article
Catalytic Gold Deposition for Ultrasensitive Optical Immunosensing of Prostate Specific Antigen
by Laura Cid-Barrio, Jorge Ruiz Encinar and José Manuel Costa-Fernández
Sensors 2020, 20(18), 5287; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20185287 - 16 Sep 2020
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2803
Abstract
A major challenge in the development of bioanalytical methods is to achieve a rapid and robust quantification of disease biomarkers present at very low concentration levels in complex biological samples. An immunoassay platform is presented herein for ultrasensitive and fast detection of the [...] Read more.
A major challenge in the development of bioanalytical methods is to achieve a rapid and robust quantification of disease biomarkers present at very low concentration levels in complex biological samples. An immunoassay platform is presented herein for ultrasensitive and fast detection of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a well-recognized cancer biomarker. A sandwich type immunosensor has been developed employing a detection antibody labeled with inorganic nanoparticles acting as tags for further indirect quantification of the analyte. The required high sensitivity is then achieved through a controlled gold deposition on the nanoparticle surface, carried out after completing the recognition step of the immunoassay, thus effectively amplifying the size of the nanoparticles from nm to µm range. Due to such an amplification procedure, quantification of the biomolecule could be carried out directly on the immunoassay plates using confocal microscopy for measurement of the reflected light produced by gold-enlarged nanostructures. The high specificity of the immunoassay was demonstrated with the addition of a major abundant protein in serum (albumin) at much higher concentrations. An extremely low detection limit for PSA quantification (LOD of 1.1 fg·mL−1 PSA) has been achieved. Such excellent LOD is 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than the clinically relevant PSA levels present in biological samples (4–10 ng·mL−1) and even to monitor eventual recurrence after clinical treatment of a prostate tumor (0.1 ng·mL−1). In fact, the broad dynamic range obtained (4 orders of magnitude) would allow the PSA quantification of diverse samples at very different relevant levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Immunosensors)
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13 pages, 3488 KiB  
Article
Detection of Salmonella Enterica in Egg Yolk by PCR on a Microfluidic Disc Device Using Immunomagnetic Beads
by Izumi Kubo, Mitsutoshi Kajiya, Narumi Aramaki and Shunsuke Furutani
Sensors 2020, 20(4), 1060; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041060 - 15 Feb 2020
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4858
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is a pathogenic bacterium that causes foodborne illness. One of the vehicle foods of S. enterica are chicken eggs. Efficient collection of the bacterium is necessary to detect it specifically. We developed a method to detect S. enterica by PCR on [...] Read more.
Salmonella enterica is a pathogenic bacterium that causes foodborne illness. One of the vehicle foods of S. enterica are chicken eggs. Efficient collection of the bacterium is necessary to detect it specifically. We developed a method to detect S. enterica by PCR on a microfluidic disc device using a fluorescent probe. Salmonella enterica cells were isolated in the microchambers on the device, followed by thermal lysis and PCR targeting with the invA gene, a gene specific to S. enterica, were observed by measurement of the fluorescent signal that resulted from gene amplification. However, the developed method was unable to discriminate viable cells from dead cells. Consequently, in this study, magnetic beads modified with anti-Salmonella antibody were utilized to detect viable Salmonella cells from egg yolk prior to PCR on the device. While using the antibody-modified beads, egg yolk components, which inhibit PCR, were removed. The collected cells were subsequently detected by PCR of the invA gene on a microfluidic disc device. This method enabled the detection of viable cells without the inhibition of PCR by any egg component. S. enterica was detected at 5.0×104 cells mL−1 or at a higher concentration of egg yolk within 6 h including the sampling time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Immunosensors)
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Review

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18 pages, 2363 KiB  
Review
Paper-Based Immunosensors with Bio-Chemiluminescence Detection
by Maria Maddalena Calabretta, Martina Zangheri, Donato Calabria, Antonia Lopreside, Laura Montali, Elisa Marchegiani, Ilaria Trozzi, Massimo Guardigli, Mara Mirasoli and Elisa Michelini
Sensors 2021, 21(13), 4309; https://doi.org/10.3390/s21134309 - 24 Jun 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 4660
Abstract
Since the introduction of paper-based analytical devices as potential diagnostic platforms a few decades ago, huge efforts have been made in this field to develop systems suitable for meeting the requirements for the point-of-care (POC) approach. Considerable progress has been achieved in the [...] Read more.
Since the introduction of paper-based analytical devices as potential diagnostic platforms a few decades ago, huge efforts have been made in this field to develop systems suitable for meeting the requirements for the point-of-care (POC) approach. Considerable progress has been achieved in the adaptation of existing analysis methods to a paper-based format, especially considering the chemiluminescent (CL)-immunoassays-based techniques. The implementation of biospecific assays with CL detection and paper-based technology represents an ideal solution for the development of portable analytical devices for on-site applications, since the peculiarities of these features create a unique combination for fitting the POC purposes. Despite this, the scientific production is not paralleled by the diffusion of such devices into everyday life. This review aims to highlight the open issues that are responsible for this discrepancy and to find the aspects that require a focused and targeted research to make these methods really applicable in routine analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Immunosensors)
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19 pages, 2612 KiB  
Review
Noble Metal-Assisted Surface Plasmon Resonance Immunosensors
by Jin-Ha Choi, Jin-Ho Lee, Joohyung Son and Jeong-Woo Choi
Sensors 2020, 20(4), 1003; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20041003 - 13 Feb 2020
Cited by 40 | Viewed by 7444
Abstract
For the early diagnosis of several diseases, various biomarkers have been discovered and utilized through the measurement of concentrations in body fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva. The most representative analytical method for biomarker detection is an immunosensor, which exploits the specific [...] Read more.
For the early diagnosis of several diseases, various biomarkers have been discovered and utilized through the measurement of concentrations in body fluids such as blood, urine, and saliva. The most representative analytical method for biomarker detection is an immunosensor, which exploits the specific antigen-antibody immunoreaction. Among diverse analytical methods, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based immunosensors are emerging as a potential detection platform due to high sensitivity, selectivity, and intuitive features. Particularly, SPR-based immunosensors could detect biomarkers without labeling of a specific detection probe, as typical immunosensors such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) use enzymes like horseradish peroxidase (HRP). In this review, SPR-based immunosensors utilizing noble metals such as Au and Ag as SPR-inducing factors for the measurement of different types of protein biomarkers, including viruses, microbes, and extracellular vesicles (EV), are briefly introduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Immunosensors)
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Other

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12 pages, 3932 KiB  
Letter
An Analysis of a Compact Label-Free Guiding-Wave Biosensor Based on a Semiconductor-Clad Dielectric Strip Waveguide
by Carlos Angulo Barrios
Sensors 2020, 20(12), 3368; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20123368 - 14 Jun 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3165
Abstract
In this paper, a compact, integrated, semiconductor-clad strip waveguide label-free biosensor is proposed and analyzed. The device is based on CMOS-compatible materials such as amorphous-Si and silicon oxynitride. The optical sensor performance has been modeled by a three-dimensional beam propagation method. The simulations [...] Read more.
In this paper, a compact, integrated, semiconductor-clad strip waveguide label-free biosensor is proposed and analyzed. The device is based on CMOS-compatible materials such as amorphous-Si and silicon oxynitride. The optical sensor performance has been modeled by a three-dimensional beam propagation method. The simulations indicate that a 20-μm-long device can exhibit a surface limit of detection of 3 ng/cm2 for avidin molecules in aqueous solution. The sensor performance compares well to those displayed by other photonic biosensors with much larger footprints. The fabrication tolerances have been also studied in order to analyze the feasibility of the practical implementation of the biosensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Immunosensors)
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