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Sustainable Higher Education: From E-learning to Smart Education

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Education and Approaches".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2025 | Viewed by 13160

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Computer Science, University of Economics - Varna, 9002 Varna, Bulgaria
Interests: e-learning; learning management systems; smart learning systems; social media analysis

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Guest Editor
Department of E-Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Interests: e-business; e-learning; digital transformation; digital marketing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of E-Business, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Maribor, SI-2000 Maribor, Slovenia
Interests: acceptance of business information systems; digital marketing; digital transformation; e-business; e-learning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The impact of IT on a number of spheres of economic and social life has been strongly emphasized in recent years. Education is also seriously affected by digitalization processes. The past two COVID-19 pandemic years were a particularly impactful and stimulating factor for education. They were the reason that during this period, education took place in a completely remote electronically based environment. In these conditions, e-learning is quickly and extensively integrated into the practices of both secondary and higher schools. Currently, although the pandemic situation now remains in the past of humanity, trainers and learners continue to adapt their activities to the new realities and intensively apply a number of electronic methods and tools of learning and training.

Moreover, e-learning is increasingly influenced by the new paradigm associated with smart learning. The concept of “smart learning” at this stage does not have a single definition and many researchers contribute to its interpretation. Authors [1] especially emphasize that the understanding of smart education in individual countries of the world is quite different and a wide array of related subjects have been reported. They point out, for example, that in China, the term “smart education” is used, while in European countries, “digital education” is preferred. Some researchers consider it as “a high-end form of digital transformation in education”, as well as advanced digital education and associate it with educational behaviors and having the characteristics of a high learning experience, learning content adaptation, and teaching efficiency [1]. Other researchers [2] state that smart learning refers to learning in interactive, intelligent, and personalized learning environments that are designed with the basis of up-to-date technologies and services, for example, augmented reality, cloud computing, and social networking services. In addition, authors [3] emphasize the advantages of smart learning environments, providing just-in-time learning based on various levels of adaptation and precision of diversified learning conditions for the learners.

Authors such as [4] understand more narrowly the scope of smart education mainly in the context of providing personalized learning, anywhere and anytime, with the help of artificial intelligence techniques, and for its provision, it is important to determine the individual learning style of the learner.

In the last few years, attention has been paid to aspects and features of smartness in education with a wide range of possibilities, tools, technologies such as interactive education and technologies, artificial intelligence, virtual, augmented, and mixed realities, learning analytics, gamification, e-learning platforms, blended learning, mobile applications and smart classrooms. The aim of this Special Issue is to contribute to the scope of smart e- and smart learning with the perspectives of participating researchers, academics, and practitioners.

In this Special Issue, original research articles and reviews are welcome. Research areas may include (but not limited to) the following:

  • Artificial intelligence for smart learning.
  • Blended learning for the creation of a new and smart learning environment for effective learning.
  • Smart approach to teaching and learning based on mobile and smart devices and applications.
  • Personalization of learning with learning analytics.
  • Gamification and smart education.
  • Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality-based learning environments.
  • Social media tools in E-learning.
  • The role of cloud computing for a successful transition to smart learning.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

References

  1. Smart Education in China and Central & Eastern European Countries; Zhuang, R., Liu, D., Sampson, D., Mandic, D., Zou, S., Huang, Y., Huang, R., Eds.; Lecture Notes in Educational Technology; Springer: Singapore, 2023; p. 335. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7319-2.
  2. Yu, Y.; Qi, A. Teaching System of Smart Learning Environment for Aerobics Course. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn. (iJET) 2018, 13, 165–176. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v13i05.8440.
  3. Qin, X.; Zhang, Y.; Gu, P.; Lin, L. The Impact of Cooperative Learning Strategies on Pupils’ Learning Engagement in the Smart Classroom Environment. Blended Learning. Education in a Smart Learning Environment (Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 12218 LNCS); Springer Nature: Cham, Switzerland, 2020; pp. 365–377.
  4. Bajaj, R.; Sharma, V. Smart Education with artificial intelligence based determination of learning styles. Procedia Comput. Sci. 2018, 132, 834–842. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2018.05.095.

Prof. Dr. Silvia Parusheva
Prof. Dr. Samo Bobek
Dr. Simona Sternad Zabukovsek
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • smart education
  • smart learning
  • mobile-based smart education
  • interactive education and technologies
  • virtual, augmented, and mixed realities
  • artificial intelligence

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

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2 pages, 163 KiB  
Editorial
Sustainable Higher Education: From E-Learning to Smart Education
by Silvia Parusheva, Samo Bobek and Simona Sternad Zabukovšek
Sustainability 2023, 15(13), 10378; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151310378 - 30 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1588
Abstract
In recent years, education has been increasingly influenced by information technology and digitization [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Higher Education: From E-learning to Smart Education)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

21 pages, 3536 KiB  
Article
When Artificial Intelligence Tools Meet “Non-Violent” Learning Environments (SDG 4.3): Crossroads with Smart Education
by Valery Okulich-Kazarin, Artem Artyukhov, Łukasz Skowron, Nadiia Artyukhova and Tomasz Wołowiec
Sustainability 2024, 16(17), 7695; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16177695 - 4 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1141
Abstract
This paper continues the series of publications of our interdisciplinary research findings at the crossroads of higher education sustainability (SDG 4.3), smart education, and artificial intelligence (AI) tools. AI has begun to be used by universities to increase the quality of higher educational [...] Read more.
This paper continues the series of publications of our interdisciplinary research findings at the crossroads of higher education sustainability (SDG 4.3), smart education, and artificial intelligence (AI) tools. AI has begun to be used by universities to increase the quality of higher educational services. AI tools are expected to help university teachers in the teaching process. Students also use AI to help them complete their tasks. At the same time, AI may threaten Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4). In particular, this is a “blank spot” in the study of AI and non-violent learning environments (SDG 4.3). The aim of the study was to verify competing statistical hypotheses. To achieve this aim, the authors used modern, economically sound methods. The authors processed the responses of 1102 students from eight Eastern European universities using a special electronic questionnaire. The authors statistically processed the student survey results and then tested a pair of conflicting statistical hypotheses. The authors adopted a standard level (α = 0.05) of hypothesis checking. Testing statistical hypotheses led to obtaining two statistically substantiated new scientific facts: (1) The requirement for “non-violent” learning environments does not meet some students’ needs. (2) The number of these students can be up to 31.94%. Summary: The new scientific facts are helpful for further developing world pedagogical theory and practice. They are the basis for forecasting and preparing for managerial actions aimed at SDG 4.3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Higher Education: From E-learning to Smart Education)
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19 pages, 2550 KiB  
Article
Will AI Become a Threat to Higher Education Sustainability? A Study of Students’ Views
by Valery Okulich-Kazarin, Artem Artyukhov, Łukasz Skowron, Nadiia Artyukhova and Tomasz Wołowiec
Sustainability 2024, 16(11), 4596; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16114596 - 29 May 2024
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2139
Abstract
Universities started to use artificial intelligence (AI) tools to improve the quality of higher education services. However, the rapid adoption of AI tools in higher education (HE) may lead to sustainability issues. On the one hand, there are prerequisites for using AI tools [...] Read more.
Universities started to use artificial intelligence (AI) tools to improve the quality of higher education services. However, the rapid adoption of AI tools in higher education (HE) may lead to sustainability issues. On the one hand, there are prerequisites for using AI tools to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4). On the other hand, as consumers of educational services (stakeholders), students have their own opinions about using AI in the educational process. The purpose of this study was to explore students’ opinions on the use of artificial intelligence tools in higher education. The authors analyzed student responses to the question: “Do you think AI threatens higher education in the next five years?” The authors formulated this question based on the definition of “a safe learning environment”, which is associated with a “safe” learning environment (SDG 4.3). The authors made use of a literature review, a bibliometric analysis of 5000 sources, a survey of 1104 students from eight universities in Eastern Europe through cloud technologies to host a special electronic questionnaire, statistical processing of questionnaires, and testing of statistical hypotheses. The authors formulated and tested two pairs of competing statistical hypotheses. Finally, the authors obtained three new scientific facts based on the respondents’ answers. New scientific facts were obtained using a standard level of statistical hypothesis testing (α = 0.05). The main scientific fact is that 10.17% to 35.42% of students think that Artificial Intelligence threatens higher education. According to student opinions, AI may hurt the sustainability of higher education (SDG 4.3). The authors are confident that new scientific facts help conceptualize and promote didactic theory and practice. The study results are needed to predict, plan, and implement organizational, pedagogical, and methodological measures aimed at SDG 4.3 through a “safe” learning environment while further expanding the use of AI in higher education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Higher Education: From E-learning to Smart Education)
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17 pages, 227 KiB  
Article
Knowledge Assessment Patterns for Distant Education: The Perceived Impact on Grading, Motivation, and Satisfaction
by Tina Beranič, Marjan Heričko and Luka Pavlič
Sustainability 2024, 16(10), 4166; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16104166 - 16 May 2024
Viewed by 886
Abstract
With the increase in remote learning, the efficient implementation of distant knowledge assessments has become an essential topic. New challenges have arisen that have had to be adequately addressed and successfully solved. As a response, we introduced an assessment patterns catalogue for distant [...] Read more.
With the increase in remote learning, the efficient implementation of distant knowledge assessments has become an essential topic. New challenges have arisen that have had to be adequately addressed and successfully solved. As a response, we introduced an assessment patterns catalogue for distant education, handling various challenges by proposing possible solutions. The catalogue presents a collection of proven practises targeting knowledge assessment in digital and distant environments. The paper presents the survey results from the final step of catalogue creation. The objective was to verify its suitability and expedite its use, focusing on several aspects of knowledge assessment. We focused on the perceived assessment patterns’ impact on grading objectivity and consistency, as well as students’ motivation and satisfaction with an implemented assessment, explored from the students’ and teachers’ perspectives. We gathered data using a uniform questionnaire distributed between students and teachers, both actively involved in distant knowledge assessment. Detailed data analysis highlighted the patterns with the highest perceived impact on the previously mentioned assessment aspects. We also analysed the top-rated patterns within the pattern categories. The results depict a high overlap between students’ and teachers’ perspectives, wherein patterns like Pentathlon, Statistical Validator, Game Rules, and Bonus Points were perceived as the patterns with the highest impact on grading objectivity and consistency, as well as the patterns with the most significant impact on students’ motivation and satisfaction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Higher Education: From E-learning to Smart Education)
22 pages, 2617 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Quality of Higher Education Services by Revised IPA in the Perspective of Digitization
by Olimpia Iuliana Ban, Roxana Hatos, Nicoleta-Georgeta Bugnar, Dinu Sasu, Adela Laura Popa and Andreea-Florina Fora
Sustainability 2024, 16(7), 3017; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16073017 - 4 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1546
Abstract
Higher education services are at a crossroads created by the disruptive impact of digitalization. The COVID-19 pandemic experience forced Romanian universities to use digital educational platforms and other online education tools. The questions put into discussion are: Where is Romanian university education headed, [...] Read more.
Higher education services are at a crossroads created by the disruptive impact of digitalization. The COVID-19 pandemic experience forced Romanian universities to use digital educational platforms and other online education tools. The questions put into discussion are: Where is Romanian university education headed, what attributes of service quality are relevant for students, how do they see the digitization experience, and what needs to be done to increase satisfaction? A survey was conducted based on an online questionnaire on a sample of 314 students from the University of Oradea that used, for the first time in empirical research, a scale to measure satisfaction with the quality of educational services to which a dimension of digital education is added. Revised importance–performance analysis (importance–performance analysis in nine quadrants with one parameter c-9Qc-IPA) was used for data processing. The results show a still-reserved attitude towards certain aspects of the digitization of services, with priority remaining on aspects related to the material base and the prospects of finding a suitable job after graduation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Higher Education: From E-learning to Smart Education)
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19 pages, 1462 KiB  
Article
Sustainability of Higher Education: Study of Student Opinions about the Possibility of Replacing Teachers with AI Technologies
by Valery Okulich-Kazarin, Artem Artyukhov, Łukasz Skowron, Nadiia Artyukhova, Oleksandr Dluhopolskyi and Wiktor Cwynar
Sustainability 2024, 16(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010055 - 20 Dec 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3716
Abstract
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has affected higher education. Students now receive new tools that optimize the performance of current tasks. Universities have also begun implementing AI technologies to help university teachers and improve the quality of educational services and solve [...] Read more.
The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has affected higher education. Students now receive new tools that optimize the performance of current tasks. Universities have also begun implementing AI technologies to help university teachers and improve the quality of educational services and solve the Sustainable Development Goal 4. Hypothetically, it is possible to replace university teachers by using AI technologies. This is a hidden conflict of Sustainable Development Goal 4 and Sustainable Development Goal 8. This research aimed to examine the perceptions of Eastern European students about the possibility of replacing university teachers through AI technologies. The authors used an information study with a bibliometric analysis of 2000 sources, planning the experiments and compiling the questionnaire, surveying 599 students using an electronic questionnaire and cloud technologies, statistical processing questionnaires using Excel tables, and verifying statistical hypotheses. Verification of statistical hypotheses for replies of 599 respondents showed that more than 10% of the surveyed students from Eastern European universities are confident that AI will replace university teachers in five years. It was shown that the opinions of students in the 1st stage (undergraduate study) from the countries of the European Union and countries outside the European Union have significant differences. The obtained results were proven using one-sided testing and standard hypothesis testing level, α = 0.05. The article was completed with multilevel managerial and pedagogical recommendations. These recommendations are designed to increase higher education’s sustainability in AI implementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Higher Education: From E-learning to Smart Education)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Artificial Intelligence Paradigms in Smart Education and Learning
Authors: Abdel-Badeeh M. Salem
Affiliation: Faculty of Computer and Information sciences, Ain Shams University, Egypt

Title: Development of Virtual Learning Centers in High Educational Institutions
Authors: Vojko Potočan
Affiliation: University of Maribor

Title: Using ERP simulation game to increase smart education experience in higher education
Authors: Simona Sternad Zabukovšek; Silvia Parusheva; Samo Bobek
Affiliation: 1. University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia 2. University of Economics - Varna, Varna, Bulgaria

Title: Enhancing Learning Outcomes through Immersive Virtual Reality Education: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Ye ZHANG; Ziqun ZHANG; Shu SHEN; Xinrong CHEN
Affiliation: 1. Shanghai Polytechnic University, 201209 Shanghai, China 2. Fudan University, 200433 Shanghai, China 3. Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China

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