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Operationalising the Transition to Sustainable Food Systems

A special issue of Sustainability (ISSN 2071-1050). This special issue belongs to the section "Sustainable Food".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 34017

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
Interests: sustainability transition of food systems; social innovation around food; food movements; food governance

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Guest Editor
Institute of Management, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, 56127 Pisa, Italy
Interests: food governance and policy; digital disruption in food systems; food supply chains; food systems sustainability; rural development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Never before has there been such a widespread awareness of the need to redesign our food systems to meet the social and environmental challenges we are and will be facing. The recent experience of the coronavirus pandemic has called on us to reflect on the unsustainability of our lifestyles and production–consumption patterns, and urged us to look at alternative models, including in relation to food. Events like these bring to light conditions that however come from afar.

Looking at the characteristics of the dominant agri-food system, an awareness has long been developing of how much this system has lost its contact with nature and society, losing capacity to stay in balance and, even more, to co-evolve with the environment and meet the needs for food quality and social justice. In recent decades, food movements and alternative food networks have denounced these shortcomings and created alternative pathways, prefiguring important innovations aimed at radical change. Indeed, to tackle the above-mentioned challenges, systemic deep changes in structure, practices, and culture are required, involving both business and society, the private and the public sphere.

This Special Issue aims at developing a debate on this transformation process by exploring the potential of a radical change of the food system. We aim to look beyond what has already been said and analysed many times, opening up to innovative views and discussing how the innovative experiences can scale out of their niches. Contributions from many diverse perspectives will be welcome, coming from scholars and from all other researchers engaged in alternative pathways around food. We invite researchers to adopt a holistic approach: complex problems cannot be solved through partial views, but require comprehensive approaches that are able to take into consideration all the different components, interdependencies, and processes involved.

We thus seek papers addressing—but not limited to—the following issues in dealing with a transition to socially and environmentally sustainable food systems:

  • Re-designing food systems according to agroecological and social justice principles;
  • Definition of new food policies as a public framework for private activities;
  • Power relationships at play in agri-food systems and their re-balancing;
  • Development of new food governance systems enabling transformation and distributive justice;
  • Urban–rural interactions and their role in supporting sustainable food systems;
  • Deliberate interventions, everyday practices, and policies to meet everyone’s right to high-quality food;
  • Ways to overcome path dependency and lock-ins that characterize the dominant agri-food socio-technical system;
  • Changes in the value chains: new food business models aiming to create shared value with society;
  • Changes in the culture of food: new ways to conceive food and tackle food-related practices;
  • Changes in the global discourse of food, food security, and food sovereignty.

Prof. Dr. Adanella Rossi
Dr. Giaime Berti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Transition to sustainable food systems
  • Alternative food networks
  • Food governance
  • Food discourse
  • Innovation around food

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 1232 KiB  
Article
Agroecological Transition: A Territorial Examination of the Simultaneity of Limited Farmer Livelihoods and Food Insecurity
by Aparna Katre, Teresa Bertossi, Abigail Clarke-Sather and Mary Parsatoon
Sustainability 2022, 14(6), 3160; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063160 - 8 Mar 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4530
Abstract
Nutritional disease, persistent food insecurity, ecological devastation, and limited sustainable livelihoods among small and beginning (SB) farmers coexist as unintended consequences of trying to address these challenges separately. Agroecology is useful for holistically understanding a community’s food system dynamics, identifying regime lock-ins, and [...] Read more.
Nutritional disease, persistent food insecurity, ecological devastation, and limited sustainable livelihoods among small and beginning (SB) farmers coexist as unintended consequences of trying to address these challenges separately. Agroecology is useful for holistically understanding a community’s food system dynamics, identifying regime lock-ins, and developing pathways to transition to a sustainable food system. Focusing on two often divergent publics, SB farmers and food-insecure populations, this research answers the questions: What critical agroecological characteristics are lacking in a food system contributing to both limited livelihoods of SB farmers and food-insecure populations? In what ways might the relationships of these two publics be central to an agroecological transition to a regional sustainable food system? We present a case study for the city-region Duluth-Northland, Minnesota, USA, by combining methodological and theoretical insights from participatory action research, agroecology, and sustainability transitions literature. Results include a current state of regional food flows, illuminate the food system’s enabling and inhibitory factors, and highlight opportunities for exercising local agency to transition to a sustainable food system using agroecological principles. This research suggests developing relational spaces where two typically divergent publics can dialogue and build reciprocal relationships to construct new food pathways. Findings also highlight a need to develop a social infrastructure to support SB farmer livelihoods, recognize their contribution to the public good, and simultaneously address multiple dimensions of food insecurity. This study provides preliminary guidance for mobilizing action at the nexus of health and food access, environment, and regenerative agriculture livelihoods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operationalising the Transition to Sustainable Food Systems)
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19 pages, 675 KiB  
Article
Paving a Way towards Food Democratisation: Mechanisms in Contentious Niche Development
by Carolin Holtkamp and Trix van Mierlo
Sustainability 2022, 14(3), 1553; https://doi.org/10.3390/su14031553 - 28 Jan 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3154
Abstract
Transition scholars have argued that the analysis of the agency of local civil society actors in their political struggle to transform the food system is necessary. In response, we complement the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions with the mechanism-process approach of contentious politics. [...] Read more.
Transition scholars have argued that the analysis of the agency of local civil society actors in their political struggle to transform the food system is necessary. In response, we complement the multi-level perspective on socio-technical transitions with the mechanism-process approach of contentious politics. This framework guides our qualitative analysis of a local movement called “The Way of Mals” in South Tyrol, Italy. This movement aimed to ban pesticides by developing a niche of food democratisation. We investigate how the local movement strategically mobilised citizens to get actively engaged in the local governance of food. We argue that the creation of political opportunities by the movement was crucial for their claim making. Amongst others, they introduced a legally binding local referendum on the ban on chemical–synthetic pesticides. We call this mechanism “paving”. In combination with meaning-making and networking, paving has led to the democratisation of local food governance. We conclude that the agency of local movements is especially reflected in their capacity to readjust in response to suppression efforts of their opponents in the well-established conventional regime. We suggest comparisons with similar cases for future research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operationalising the Transition to Sustainable Food Systems)
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21 pages, 330 KiB  
Article
A Socially-Based Redesign of Sustainable Food Practices: Community Supported Agriculture in Italy
by Alessandra Piccoli, Adanella Rossi and Angela Genova
Sustainability 2021, 13(21), 11986; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132111986 - 29 Oct 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3333
Abstract
Several grassroots initiatives in the last two decades have shown the need for different food practices that should be locally based and founded on ethical goals of social and environmental justice. Among the many “alternative food networks”, the Community Supported Agriculture model is [...] Read more.
Several grassroots initiatives in the last two decades have shown the need for different food practices that should be locally based and founded on ethical goals of social and environmental justice. Among the many “alternative food networks”, the Community Supported Agriculture model is particularly significant and interesting. By redefining meanings and social norms around food practices, this model actualizes significant processes of food re-socialization and re-territorialization. Focusing on Italy, this study aims to contribute to the understanding of the potential of this model. It does so through two investigations carried out in 2019 and 2020, aimed at analyzing, respectively, structural and organizational aspects of CSAs and the features of resilience shown by these initiatives during the first COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. On the whole, the two surveys give us the image of a radically innovative experience, potentially capable of deeply redefining production and consumption practices, being rooted in socially-shared knowledge, motivations, willingness, commitment and sense of community. In addition to being characterized by a determination to pursue sustainability and equity goals, the model shows a remarkable character of resilience thanks to the original arrangements that the common value basis and the strong sense of interdependence and solidarity of its members can provide. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operationalising the Transition to Sustainable Food Systems)
22 pages, 368 KiB  
Article
Implications for Agricultural Producers of Using Blockchain for Food Transparency, Study of 4 Food Chains by Cumulative Approach
by Ysé Commandré, Catherine Macombe and Sophie Mignon
Sustainability 2021, 13(17), 9843; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179843 - 2 Sep 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3293
Abstract
In agro-food, Blockchain has been recently implemented in order to improve transparency. Blockchain raises great expectations of data decentralization and better efficiency–cost ratio, integration speed, and data protection that appear as promises of gains in all areas. The fundamental assumption was that transparency [...] Read more.
In agro-food, Blockchain has been recently implemented in order to improve transparency. Blockchain raises great expectations of data decentralization and better efficiency–cost ratio, integration speed, and data protection that appear as promises of gains in all areas. The fundamental assumption was that transparency prevents or reduces illegitimate forms of power. However, discussions are emerging about how digitization is likely to exacerbate power inequalities in food systems, as transparency can become tyrannical when it contributes to the proliferation of audits, evaluations, and assessment measures. The objective of this research is to contribute by providing knowledge about the implications of this digitization for farmers. For a first exploratory study, we conducted 53 interviews with actors of digitalization of agri-food, and we used 9 press releases, 3 webinars, and 1 article published in a specialized French journal. These materials evoke 12 different agro-food chains recently equipped with blockchain in France. From this pool of chains, we focused on four through in-depth analysis of interviews and literature readings using NVivo software. The first results highlight that the use of blockchain for transparency rarely delivers on its promises. Blockchain tends to centralize control since few actors have access to the distributed ledger, and the visibility brought to farmers, at the consumer level, tends to become a form of control. While blockchain seems to provide some benefits to producers, it raises the issue of overloaded technology and the problem of their data privacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operationalising the Transition to Sustainable Food Systems)
43 pages, 2073 KiB  
Article
Policy Interventions Promoting Sustainable Food- and Feed-Systems: A Delphi Study of Legume Production and Consumption
by Bálint Balázs, Eszter Kelemen, Tiziana Centofanti, Marta W. Vasconcelos and Pietro P. M. Iannetta
Sustainability 2021, 13(14), 7597; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13147597 - 7 Jul 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 4426
Abstract
The food- and feed-value systems in the European Union are not protein self-sufficient. Despite the potential of legume-supported production systems to reduce the externalities caused by current cultivation practices (excessive use of N fertilizer) and improve the sustainability of the arable cropping systems [...] Read more.
The food- and feed-value systems in the European Union are not protein self-sufficient. Despite the potential of legume-supported production systems to reduce the externalities caused by current cultivation practices (excessive use of N fertilizer) and improve the sustainability of the arable cropping systems and the quality of human diets, sufficient production of high-protein legume grains in Europe has not been achieved due to multiple barriers. Identifying the barriers to the production and consumption of legumes is the first step in realizing new pathways towards more sustainable food systems of which legumes are integral part. In this study, we engage stakeholders and decision-makers in a structured communication process, the Delphi method, to identify policy interventions leveraging barriers that hinder the production and consumption of legumes in the EU. This study is one of a kind and uses a systematic method to reach a common understanding of the policy incoherencies across sectors. Through this method we identify policy interventions that may promote the production of legumes and the creation of legume-based products in the EU. Policies that encourage reduced use of inorganic N fertilizer represent an important step toward a shift in the increased cultivation of legumes. Relatedly, investment in R&D, extension services, and knowledge transfer is necessary to support a smooth transition from the heavy use of synthetic N fertilizer in conventional agriculture. These policy interventions are discussed within current EU and national plant-protein strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operationalising the Transition to Sustainable Food Systems)
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18 pages, 2476 KiB  
Article
The Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Food Security in Rural and Urban Settlements in Benin: Do Allotment Gardens Soften the Blow?
by Mawuna Donald Houessou, Annemijn Cassee and Ben G. J. S. Sonneveld
Sustainability 2021, 13(13), 7313; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137313 - 30 Jun 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3608
Abstract
A Rapid Food Security Appraisal among 240 rural and urban dwellers in southern Benin was conducted, using univariate and bivariate analyses, to evaluate the effects of the imposed COVID-19 ‘cordon sanitaire’ on food consumption patterns. As this is one of the first empirical [...] Read more.
A Rapid Food Security Appraisal among 240 rural and urban dwellers in southern Benin was conducted, using univariate and bivariate analyses, to evaluate the effects of the imposed COVID-19 ‘cordon sanitaire’ on food consumption patterns. As this is one of the first empirical studies on the COVID-19 food security nexus, we found that the raging pandemic has affected the food security pillars (availability, accessibility, utilization, and stability) in both rural and urban areas, within and outside the cordon sanitaire. The steepest decline was observed among respondents who live inside the cordon sanitaire, where rural producers and urban inhabitants without access to allotment gardens were hit hard. Increased food prices, disruptions in food logistics, and inability to work due to movement restrictions were most frequently indicated as reasons for the decline. Access to allotment gardens effectively supported households in mitigating the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the food crisis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operationalising the Transition to Sustainable Food Systems)
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21 pages, 2051 KiB  
Article
Enacting Transitions—The Combined Effect of Multiple Niches in Whole System Reconfiguration
by Sibylle Bui
Sustainability 2021, 13(11), 6135; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13116135 - 29 May 2021
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 3484
Abstract
The environmental and social issues caused by agricultural and food distribution practices call for a profound reconfiguration of the agri-food system. This paper is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of the way such a reconfiguration may be fostered. Building on recent [...] Read more.
The environmental and social issues caused by agricultural and food distribution practices call for a profound reconfiguration of the agri-food system. This paper is aimed at contributing to a better understanding of the way such a reconfiguration may be fostered. Building on recent developments of transition studies that analyze whole system reconfigurations, it proposes a pragmatist, whole system approach to examine the socio-political dimension of sustainability transitions. Based on the ethnographic and longitudinal study of a unique case of (territorial) agroecological transition in France, it identifies the mechanisms involved in a transition and the way actors enacted them. It characterizes required prior, incremental system changes, and stresses the role of multiple niches that influence simultaneously the various components of the agri-food system. From an action-oriented perspective, these results suggest that transitions may be fostered by: (1) supporting the diffusion of an alternative technological paradigm within the regime that niches may be congruent with; (2) stimulating the development of a diversity of radical innovations related to the various dimensions of the agri-food system and fostering their interactions with the regime; and (3) moving from a technology-driven approach of innovation towards an emphasis on organizational innovations that foster the rebalancing of power relations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operationalising the Transition to Sustainable Food Systems)
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Review

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19 pages, 3634 KiB  
Review
Benefits of Organic Agriculture under the Perspective of the Bioeconomy: A Systematic Review
by Camila Fritzen Cidón, Paola Schmitt Figueiró and Dusan Schreiber
Sustainability 2021, 13(12), 6852; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126852 - 17 Jun 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 6327
Abstract
The opportunities for the global growth of the bioeconomy (BE) are generated by the need to expand the food supply for an increasing world population without compromising the environment even further. Organic agriculture (OA) claims to be more environmentally friendly than conventional agriculture [...] Read more.
The opportunities for the global growth of the bioeconomy (BE) are generated by the need to expand the food supply for an increasing world population without compromising the environment even further. Organic agriculture (OA) claims to be more environmentally friendly than conventional agriculture and capable of addressing sustainable development objectives by using green technologies, resulting in economic, social, and ecological benefits. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relation between OA and BE through a systematic literature review. We addressed the benefits of OA under perspective of the main aspects of BE. As demonstrated by previous papers assessed on this review, OA can be a means to facilitate strategies for the use of renewable resources to mitigate the emergencies arising from global warming, as claimed by the BE concept. This article introduces a necessary discussion due the lack of previous studies reporting the capacity of OA to connect with the BE. As a final contribution, we present a conceptual framework characterizing potential benefits of OA under the perspective of BE, for organic farmers and researchers to advance in sustainability and green innovation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Operationalising the Transition to Sustainable Food Systems)
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