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Symmetry
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Symmetry in Building Model
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Symmetry in Building Model

A special issue of Symmetry (ISSN 2073-8994). This special issue belongs to the section "Computer".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2022) | Viewed by 8896

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Yeran Sun

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Guest Editor
Department of Geography, College of Science, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
Interests: geospatial big data; transport; energy; health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Tomasz Lewiński

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Structural Mechanics and Computer Aided Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, The Institute of Building Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-637 Warsaw, Poland
Interests: structural mechanics
Dr. Shaohua Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
CyberGIS Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
Interests: spatial big data; location modeling; spatial optimization; spatial data science; geovisual analytics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Ting On Chan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
Interests: 3D point cloud; photogrammetry; sensor fusion; remote sensing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear colleague,

Symmetry is an important characteristic of many historical and modern buildings all over the world. For buildings, symmetry is mostly reflectional and rotational. With the recent development of building models constructed with different techniques such as laser scanning and digital photogrammetry in the form of geo-referencing, structure from motion, and simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM), a building’s symmetry can be further recorded and investigated. The symmetry can be analyzed in terms of structural mechanics, geometry, cultural aspects, aesthetics and so on. This Special Issue aims for contributions that report recent advances in realizing, modeling, and analyzing a building’s symmetries, including multidisciplinary development related to the building information model (BIM).

Dr. Yeran Sun
Prof. Dr. Tomasz Lewiński
Dr. Shaohua Wang
Dr. Ting On Chan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Symmetry is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 13917 KiB  
Article
In-Depth Verification of a Numerical Model for an Axisymmetric RC Dome
by Przemysław Czumaj, Sławomir Dudziak and Zbigniew Kacprzyk
Symmetry 2021, 13(11), 2152; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112152 - 11 Nov 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2384
Abstract
The designers of civil engineering structures often have to face the problem of the reliability of complex computational analyses performed most often with the Finite Element Method (FEM). Any assessment of reliability of such analyses is difficult and can only be approximate. The [...] Read more.
The designers of civil engineering structures often have to face the problem of the reliability of complex computational analyses performed most often with the Finite Element Method (FEM). Any assessment of reliability of such analyses is difficult and can only be approximate. The present paper puts forward a new method of verification and validation of the structural analyses upon an illustrative example of a dome strengthened by circumferential ribs along the upper and lower edges. Four computational systems were used, namely Abaqus, Autodesk Robot, Dlubal RFEM, and FEAS. Different models were also analyzed—two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) ones using continuum, bar, and shell finite elements. The results of the static (with two kinds of load—self-weight and load distributed along the upper ring) and modal analyses are presented. A detailed comparison between the systems’ and models’ predictions was made. In general, the spatial models predicted a less stiff behavior of the analyzed dome than the planar models. The good agreement between different models and systems was obtained for the first natural frequency with axisymmetric eigenmodes (except from the Autodesk Robot system). The presented approach to the verification of complex shell–bar models can be effectively applied by structural designers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Building Model)
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17 pages, 3513 KiB  
Article
Symmetry Detection and Analysis of Chinese Paifang Using 3D Point Clouds
by Ting On Chan, Yeran Sun, Jiayong Yu, Juan Zeng and Lixin Liu
Symmetry 2021, 13(11), 2011; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13112011 - 23 Oct 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2339
Abstract
The Chinese paifang is an essential constituent element for Chinese or many other oriental architectures. In this paper, a new method for detection and analysis of the reflection symmetry of the paifang based on 3D point clouds is proposed. The method invokes a [...] Read more.
The Chinese paifang is an essential constituent element for Chinese or many other oriental architectures. In this paper, a new method for detection and analysis of the reflection symmetry of the paifang based on 3D point clouds is proposed. The method invokes a new model to simultaneously fit two vertical planes of symmetry to the 3D point cloud of a paifang to support further symmetry analysis. Several simulated datasets were used to verify the proposed method. The results indicated that the proposed method was able to quantity the symmetry of a paifang in terms of the RMSE obtained from the ICP algorithm, with resistance to the presence of some random noise added to the simulated measurements. For real datasets, three old Chinese paifangs (with ages from 90 to 500 years) were scanned as point clouds to input into the proposed method. The method quantified the degree of symmetry for the three Chinese paifangs in terms of the RMSE, which ranged from 20 to 61 mm. One of the paifangs with apparent asymmetry had the highest RMSE (61 mm). Other than the quantification of the symmetry of the paifangs, the proposed method could also locate which portion of the paifang was relatively more symmetric. The proposed method can potentially be used for structural health inspection and cultural studies of the Chinese paifangs and some other similar architecture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Building Model)
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18 pages, 5467 KiB  
Article
Symmetries of the Beijing Heping Temple Complex
by Fan Xie, Shuaijie Cui and Dongqi Sun
Symmetry 2021, 13(9), 1700; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym13091700 - 15 Sep 2021
Viewed by 2586
Abstract
Three-dimensional laser scanning technology has been more mature, and its application fields are expanding. It is being used in key projects and important work such as ancient building recording, restoration and reconstruction. In this paper, the technology is applied to the 3D scanning, [...] Read more.
Three-dimensional laser scanning technology has been more mature, and its application fields are expanding. It is being used in key projects and important work such as ancient building recording, restoration and reconstruction. In this paper, the technology is applied to the 3D scanning, data splicing and model simplification of Heping temple building complex in Beijing. After innovative research on ancient architecture, it is found that the group layout, single form and local components of Heping temple building complex in Beijing show symmetry everywhere, vividly reflecting the extensive and profound ancient architectural culture and order. This points out a new direction for the development and application of 3D laser scanning technology and opens up a new path for the in-depth study of the protection of ancient buildings in China. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Building Model)
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