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Toxics
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Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Fishes Products and Invertebrates
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Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Fishes Products and Invertebrates

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Agrochemicals and Food Toxicology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 11668

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nicola Cicero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical, Dental, Morphological and Functional Images Sciences (BIOMORF), University of Messina, Viale Annunziata, 98100 Messina, Italy
Interests: food chemistry; food contaminants; fermentation chemistry; safety and health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Katya Peycheva

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Medical University Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
Interests: vitamins; fatty acids; environmental pollutants; risk–benefit analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Lubomir Makedonski

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Medical University Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
Interests: invertebrates contaminants

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human health is largely determined by the diet. A recommendable diet includes the consumption of various fish species and invertebrates (mollusks and claims) which are excellent sources of water- and fat-soluble vitamins, Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, proteins, and essential elements which play an important role in human nutrition, maintaining health and preventing disease. However, fishes and invertebrates also belong to a food group that contains a higher level of various chemical contaminants, such as environmental ones (e.g heavy metals, persistent organic pollutants, and natural toxins), agrichemical treatments (e.g., pesticides), and processing contaminants (as a result of various cooking, processing, or packaging techniques). As an outcome, the consumption of chemical contaminant in fishes and invertebrates had emerged as a major global health issue. In order to assure human health, it is important to determine those chemicals in edible portions of fishes and invertebrates since the ingestion of contaminated fishes and invertebrates is the main route of chemical contaminants to transfer to people and to pose serious health risks to consumers.

This Special Issue on “Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Fishes and Invertebrates” will focus on the latest scientific research using various methods, analytical techniques, and approaches of identifying, characterizing, and measuring toxic chemical contaminant in marine, freshwater and aquaculture fish species and invertebrates. Taking into account that no risk assessment would be possible without analytical data of food contaminants, research papers based on the assessment of human health risk (applying varies indices such as estimated weekly intake (EWI), provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), target hazard quotient (THQ), target risk (TR), and hazard index (HI)) are highly welcomed. Reviews will be also considered for publication.

Dr. Nicola Cicero
Dr. Katya Peycheva
Dr. Lubomir Makedonski
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heavy metals 
  • toxic and essential elements 
  • trace elements 
  • fishes products 
  • mussels 
  • mollusk 
  • invertebrates 
  • shellfish 
  • aquaculture 
  • chemical contaminants 
  • pollutants 
  • human health risk assessment 
  • benefit–risk

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1131 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Mercury Content in Fish for Human Consumption in Poland
by Barbara Brodziak-Dopierała and Agnieszka Fischer
Toxics 2023, 11(8), 717; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11080717 - 21 Aug 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2800
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a metal with toxic effects on the environment, including living organisms. Organic Hg derivatives readily penetrate biological membranes and pose a particular health risk. Food of aquatic origin is the main source of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). In Poland, [...] Read more.
Mercury (Hg) is a metal with toxic effects on the environment, including living organisms. Organic Hg derivatives readily penetrate biological membranes and pose a particular health risk. Food of aquatic origin is the main source of human exposure to methylmercury (MeHg). In Poland, the consumption of fishery and aquaculture products has been gradually increasing. The aim of this study was to determine the content of Hg in fish intended for human consumption and purchased in Poland. The total Hg content of the edible parts of different species of marine and freshwater fish was analysed. The range of Hg content in all fish was 0.004–0.827 mg/kg, with an arithmetic mean of 0.084 mg/kg. The concentration of Hg in marine fish (0.100 mg/kg) was higher than in freshwater fish (0.063 mg/kg). The highest concentration of Hg was found in tuna. The Estimated Hazard Quotient (EHQ) calculated for the tuna samples analysed was >1. This may represent a potential health risk for consumers. The consumption of the other fish analysed was considered safe on the basis of the EHQ. The Hg content of the analysed fish samples did not exceed the current limits for food. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Fishes Products and Invertebrates)
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23 pages, 4791 KiB  
Article
Metals and Metalloid Concentrations in Fish, Its Spatial Distribution in PPC, Philippines and the Attributable Risks
by Delia B. Senoro, Maria Mojena G. Plasus, Alejandro Felipe B. Gorospe, Ronnel C. Nolos, Allaine T. Baaco and Chitsan Lin
Toxics 2023, 11(7), 621; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070621 - 18 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2535
Abstract
Fish is an important source of protein in human meals around the world. However, the fish that we are eating may be contaminated with toxicants such as metals and metalloids (MMs), which may pose health risks to consumers. Information on MMs content in [...] Read more.
Fish is an important source of protein in human meals around the world. However, the fish that we are eating may be contaminated with toxicants such as metals and metalloids (MMs), which may pose health risks to consumers. Information on MMs content in fishes and their potential spatial distribution scenarios would provide knowledge to the community to create strategies and protect human health. Hence, this study assessed and determined the health risk levels of MMs in both brackish and marine water fish (BMF) in Puerto Princesa City (PPC), Palawan Province, Philippines. PPC has an existing abandoned open mine pit near the PPC coastline called the “pit lake”. The concentrations of As, Ba, Cu, Fe, Mn, Hg, and Zn in fishes were analyzed using portable Olympus Vanta X-ray Fluorescence (pXRF), and the spatial distribution of MMs concentrations in BMF was analyzed using a GIS (geographic information system). Fishes were sampled from fishing boat landing sites and nearby seafood markets. The results revealed that the concentration of MMs in marine fish was generally higher than the brackish water fish. It was recorded that the Hg concentration in marine water fish meat was higher than in brackish water fish meat. The Mn concentration in marine water fish exceeded the permissible limits set by international bodies. An elevated concentration of Mn in BMF was detected across the northern part of PPC, and an elevated concentration of Hg in marine fishes was recorded in the southeast area, where the fish landing sites are located. Ba was also detected in BMF across the southern part of PPC. Moreover, an elevated concentration of Cu was detected in MBF in the northeast and in marine fish in the southeastern area of PPC. Further, this paper elaborates the non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks of these fishes to the PPC population and tourists with respect to the MMs content in fish meat. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Fishes Products and Invertebrates)
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15 pages, 5948 KiB  
Article
Absorption and Distribution of Imidacloprid and Its Metabolites in Goldfish (Carassius auratus Linnaeus)
by Wanghui Xu, Lulu Zhang, Jiayin Hou, Xiaohua Du and Liezhong Chen
Toxics 2023, 11(7), 619; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11070619 - 17 Jul 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1534
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMI) is the first-generation neonicotinoid insecticide. But, the long-term use of IMI as a pesticide has caused severe water pollution. Recently, the toxicity of IMI to aquatic organisms has received increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the absorption and distribution of [...] Read more.
Imidacloprid (IMI) is the first-generation neonicotinoid insecticide. But, the long-term use of IMI as a pesticide has caused severe water pollution. Recently, the toxicity of IMI to aquatic organisms has received increasing attention. This study aimed to investigate the absorption and distribution of IMI in various tissues (gills, intestine, liver, muscle, brain and gonads) of goldfish through short-term and continuous exposure tests over 28 days. The results of short-term exposure indicated that the concentration of IMI and its metabolites in tissues at the transfer stage decreased steadily after 1 day of 40 mg/L IMI water treatment and was below the detection limit after 3 days. Continuous exposure for 28 days at various treatment concentrations showed that the concentrations of IMI and its metabolites differed significantly among the different tissues of the goldfish. In the 20 mg/L treatment group (S1), the highest concentration of IMI was found in the liver (12.04 μg/gtissue), followed by the intestine (9.91 μg/gtissue), muscle (6.20 μg/gtissue), gill (6.11 μg/gtissue), gonads (5.22 μg/gtissue) and brain (2.87 μg/gtissue). In the 40 mg/L treatment group (S2), the order of the tissue concentrations was similar to that of the S1 group, with the highest concentration observed in the liver (12.04 μg/gtissue), followed by the intestine (9.91 μg/gtissue), muscle (6.20 μg/gtissue), gill (6.11 μg/gtissue), gonads (5.22 μg/gtissue) and brain (2.87 μg/gtissue). Furthermore, the study detected 5-hydroxy-IMI, IMI urea and 6-chloronicotinic acid in IMI metabolites in all tissues, while IMI was detected only in the intestine and liver. Overall, the results of this study contribute to a better understanding of the metabolic behavior of IMI in organisms and provide new data to support the assessment of IMI toxicity in fish. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Fishes Products and Invertebrates)
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10 pages, 318 KiB  
Article
Seasonal Variations in the Trace Elements and Mineral Profiles of the Bivalve Species, Mytilus galloprovincialis, Chamelea gallina and Donax trunculus, and Human Health Risk Assessment
by Katya Peycheva, Veselina Panayotova, Rositsa Stancheva, Albena Merdzhanova, Diana Dobreva, Vincenzo Parrino, Nicola Cicero, Francesco Fazio and Patrizia Licata
Toxics 2023, 11(4), 319; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040319 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 1880
Abstract
This study aimed to provide data on selected toxic (Cd, Pb and Ni), essential (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and microelement (Na, K, Ca and Mg) concentrations in edible tissues of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), striped venus clam ( [...] Read more.
This study aimed to provide data on selected toxic (Cd, Pb and Ni), essential (Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) and microelement (Na, K, Ca and Mg) concentrations in edible tissues of the Mediterranean mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis), striped venus clam (Chamelea gallina) and the wedge clam (Donax trunculus). Samples were collected from the Black Sea (Bulgaria) four times over, a period of one year (2022). In comparison with the maximum permissible levels set by the EU and USFDA, all elemental concentration found in the bivalve species were lower than the prescribed limits. An estimation of the dietary metal intake through calculation of the target hazard quotients (THQ), hazard index (HI) and target risk (TR) was performed. The target hazard quotient (THQ) for individual metal and HI for combined metals were lower than 1, indicating no health risk for consumers due to the intake of either individual element or combined ones. The target risk value for toxic inorganic Pb and Cr was below 10−6, indicating no carcinogenic risk. According to these results, the consumption of these bivalve species is completely safe for human health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Fishes Products and Invertebrates)
13 pages, 295 KiB  
Article
Toxic and Potentially Toxic Mineral Elements of Edible Gastropods Land Snails (Mediterranean Escargot)
by Roberta Tardugno, Antonino Virga, Vincenzo Nava, Federica Mannino, Andrea Salvo, Francesco Monaco, Mario Giorgianni and Nicola Cicero
Toxics 2023, 11(4), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics11040317 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1918
Abstract
The meat of snails can be considered a high-quality food for the human diet and demand is already increasing across Europe. Due to the bioaccumulation of trace elements in their tissues, land snails can be a significant tool also for environmental pollution evaluation. [...] Read more.
The meat of snails can be considered a high-quality food for the human diet and demand is already increasing across Europe. Due to the bioaccumulation of trace elements in their tissues, land snails can be a significant tool also for environmental pollution evaluation. In this study, 28 mineral elements (Ag, Al, As, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Li, Na, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sr, Ti, Tl, V, Zn) in both the edible part and the shell of edible land snails commercially available in Southern Italy belonging to Cernuella virgata, Helix aperta, Theba pisana species were investigated by ICP-MS and direct mercury analyser. The concentration of trace elements was variable among the samples. The variability demonstrates the close connection among the type of snail, the geographical origin, and the habitat in which the species grows. The edible part of the snails analysed in this study was found to be a good source of macro-nutrients. Toxic elements were detected in some samples, especially in shells; nevertheless, the values fell within the safety limits. Further investigations and monitoring of mineral contents in edible land snails are suggested both for human health and environmental pollution evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Chemical Contaminants in Fishes Products and Invertebrates)
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