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Toxics
Special Issues
Environmental Sources, Fate, Transport, and Applied Risk Assessment of Per-...
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Environmental Sources, Fate, Transport, and Applied Risk Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)

A special issue of Toxics (ISSN 2305-6304). This special issue belongs to the section "Emerging Contaminants".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 August 2024) | Viewed by 2929

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Richard Anderson

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
U.S. Air Force Civil Engineer Center, Joint Base, San Antonio, TX, USA
Interests: emerging contaminants; per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances; environmental analysis; environmental toxicity; risk assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While the science continues to rapidly evolve, global efforts to characterize and apportion environmental sources and assess the potential human and ecological risks associated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) at impacted sites continue to expand. As such, there is an urgent need for technically defensible methodologies that translate the state of the science into practical field applications. This Special Issue of Toxics, entitled “Environmental Sources, Fate, Transport, and Applied Risk Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS)”, specifically seeks to highlight novel case studies documenting state-of-the-art site characterization, forensics, and site risk assessment approaches for PFAS. The submission of research that highlights the best practices applicable to environmentally relevant PFAS and PFAS mixtures is encouraged. Authors are invited and welcome to submit original research papers, reviews, and short communications.

Dr. Richard Anderson
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Toxics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • PFAS
  • risk assessment
  • occurrence
  • forensics
  • AFFF
  • fluoropolymers
  • precursors

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 2282 KiB  
Article
Predicted Potential for Aquatic Exposure Effects of Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) in Pennsylvania’s Statewide Network of Streams
by Sara E. Breitmeyer, Amy M. Williams, Matthew D. Conlon, Timothy A. Wertz, Brian C. Heflin, Dustin R. Shull and Joseph W. Duris
Toxics 2024, 12(12), 921; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12120921 - 19 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1176
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants that can lead to adverse health effects in aquatic organisms, including reproductive toxicity and developmental abnormalities. To assess the ecological health risk of PFAS in Pennsylvania stream surface water, we conducted a comprehensive analysis that included [...] Read more.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are contaminants that can lead to adverse health effects in aquatic organisms, including reproductive toxicity and developmental abnormalities. To assess the ecological health risk of PFAS in Pennsylvania stream surface water, we conducted a comprehensive analysis that included both measured and predicted estimates. The potential combined exposure effects of 14 individual PFAS to aquatic biota were estimated using the sum of exposure-activity ratios (ΣEARs) in 280 streams. Additionally, machine learning techniques were utilized to predict potential PFAS exposure effects in unmonitored stream reaches, considering factors such as land use, climate, and geology. Leveraging a tailored convolutional neural network (CNN), a validation accuracy of 78% was achieved, directly outperforming traditional methods that were also used, such as logistic regression and gradient boosting (accuracies of ~65%). Feature importance analysis highlighted key variables that contributed to the CNN’s predictive power. The most influential features highlighted the complex interplay of anthropogenic and environmental factors contributing to PFAS contamination in surface waters. Industrial and urban land cover, rainfall intensity, underlying geology, agricultural factors, and their interactions emerged as key determinants. These findings may help to inform biotic sampling strategies, water quality monitoring efforts, and policy decisions aimed to mitigate the ecological impacts of PFAS in surface waters. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Sources, Fate, Transport, and Applied Risk Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS))
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11 pages, 1206 KiB  
Communication
Skin Permeability of Perfluorocarboxylic Acids Using Flow-Through Diffusion on Porcine Skin
by Andrew Stephen Hall, Ronald Baynes, Laura M. Neumann, Howard I. Maibach and R. Bryan Ormond
Toxics 2024, 12(10), 703; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics12100703 - 27 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1277
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are found in a variety of places including cosmetics, rain jackets, dust, and water. PFAS have also been applied to occupational gear to protect against water and oils. However, PFAS have been identified as immunosuppressants and perfluorooctanoic acid [...] Read more.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are found in a variety of places including cosmetics, rain jackets, dust, and water. PFAS have also been applied to occupational gear to protect against water and oils. However, PFAS have been identified as immunosuppressants and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a specific PFAS, has been identified as carcinogenic. Since there is a risk for dermal exposure to these compounds, there is a need to characterize their dermal absorption. Using in vitro flow-through diffusion, skin permeabilities were determined for 14C-labeled perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), and perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) using porcine skin. Tests were conducted over 8 h with either acetone or artificial perspirant as the vehicle. PFBA was found to have greater permeability than PFHxA, likely due to having a smaller molecular weight. The dosing vehicle did not appear to impact permeability rates but impacted the disposition through the skin model. While these PFAS compounds showed a low permeability rate through the skin membranes, they can stay in the skin, acting as a reservoir. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental Sources, Fate, Transport, and Applied Risk Assessment of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS))
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