Advances in Mycotoxin Determination: From Risk Assessment to Global Management Strategies

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Mycotoxins".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2025 | Viewed by 1006

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, E-18071 Granada, Spain
Interests: food safety; risk analysis; metabolomics; mass spectrometry; ion mobility spectrometry
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mycotoxins are hazardous metabolites produced by fungi that contaminate various agricultural products, posing significant health and economic risk worldwide. In fact, food contamination by aflatoxins and ochratoxin A has been reported as one of the main hazards in food in the first quarter of the 2024 report of the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). This Special Issue explores cutting-edge advancements in mycotoxin determination, focusing on novel identification and quantification techniques, risk assessment models, and comprehensive management strategies.

This Special Issue invites the submission of novel studies and review articles focused on developments in analytical methods for mycotoxin determination. These methods include the use of liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), biosensors, and nanotechnology, among other analytical techniques. These methods should also demonstrate enhancements in detection sensitivity and accuracy to generate high-quality information on food contamination levels and exposure data for risk assessment. This Special Issue also aims to address global management strategies, highlighting the importance of regulatory frameworks like Codex Alimentarius and specific guidelines from the European Union (EU) and United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Advances in rapid testing, surveillance programs, and traceability systems further strengthen detection and monitoring efforts.

It is my pleasure to invite you to contribute to this next Special Issue of Toxins, entitled “Advances in Mycotoxin Determination: From Risk Assessment to Global Management Strategies”, which aims to focus on the development and application of analytical methods to mycotoxin determination applied to risk assessment and management.

Dr. Maykel Hernández-Mesa
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • mycotoxins
  • food analysis
  • exposure assessment
  • risk assessment
  • risk management

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

18 pages, 1651 KiB  
Article
Fusarium Head Blight in Argentina, a Profile of Produced Mycotoxins and a Biocontrol Strategy in Barley During Micro-Malting Process
by María Silvina Alaniz-Zanon, Marianela Bossa, Lorenzo Antonio Rosales Cavaglieri, Juan Manuel Palazzini, Michael Sulyok, Sofía Noemí Chulze and María Laura Chiotta
Toxins 2025, 17(1), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins17010039 - 15 Jan 2025
Viewed by 780
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the second winter crop in Argentina. In the national market, grains are mainly destined to produce malt for beer manufacture. Fusarium species are common, causing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in barley, which generates yield and quality losses, [...] Read more.
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) is the second winter crop in Argentina. In the national market, grains are mainly destined to produce malt for beer manufacture. Fusarium species are common, causing Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in barley, which generates yield and quality losses, as well as mycotoxin occurrence. The aims of this study were to determine (a) the incidence of the main species causing FHB in different locations of the barley-growing region of Argentina, (b) their ability to produce mycotoxins, and (c) the levels of deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV) natural occurrence in grains at the harvest stage. Additionally, a strain of Bacillus velezensis was studied as a biocontrol agent in order to control F. graminearum sensu stricto and mycotoxin accumulation during the malting process, with the final objective being to reduce DON contamination in the beer manufacture chain. Fusarium graminearum ss was the most prevalent species causing FHB, with Fusarium poae being less distributed. Both species produced several mycotoxins, including NX-2 and NX-3, which is the first report of their production by strains isolated from barley in Argentina. Deoxynivalenol contamination was found in 95% of barley grains during the 2016 harvest season (mean: 0.4 mg/kg), while NIV contamination was present in 29% of samples (mean: 0.49 mg/kg). In the 2017 harvest season, 53.6% of grains were contaminated with DON (mean: 0.42 mg/kg), and 21% with NIV (mean: 0.8 mg/kg). Quantification of F. graminearum ss by real-time PCR during the micro-malting process showed that application of the biocontrol agent before the germination stage was the most effective treatment, with a 45% reduction in fungal DNA levels. Reduction in DON contamination (69.3–100%) in artificially infected grains with F. graminearum ss, was also observed. The present work contributes to the knowledge of FHB in Argentina and to the development of a strategy to control this disease and mycotoxin contamination in barley, promoting at the same time food security. Full article
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