Drug Discovery from Animal Venoms

A special issue of Toxins (ISSN 2072-6651). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Venoms".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2021) | Viewed by 8431

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
ToxinTech, LLC, P.O.Box 6266, New York, NY 10150, USA

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Animal venom toxins are the source of cutting-edge medicines such as tirofiban, eptifibatide for heart attacks, captopril for heart failure and high blood pressure, and exenatide for diabetes. Other toxin-derived agents are in clinical trials for autoimmune disorders and cancer, for example.

Found in over 150,000 venomous animal species, the Earth's toxin arsenal comprises millions of toxins targeting a myriad of receptors of medical significance. Of these toxins, 99% are unexplored due to the difficulty of acquiring specimens, tiny sample sizes, and limitations of screening platforms. Once a toxin is identified as promising, its therapeutic potential is often hampered by its selectivity, efficacy, or chemical structure. Existing and emerging technologies, however, are available to tackle these challenges.

This Special Issue of Toxins on "Drug Discovery from Animal Venoms" will facilitate and stimulate the development and innovation of venoms-to-drugs. The issue is reviewing the full scope of drug discovery pathways, from venom gland to clinical use, with a focus on the advantages and opportunities, as well as challenges and limitations unique to components of animal venoms (collectively referred below as "toxins", and including all venom components).

Articles may include, but are not restricted to the following subjects: what makes animal toxins attractive templates for medicines?; current medicines and diagnostics from toxins; large-scale identification of toxins; therapeutic target identification and validation by toxins; from venoms to hits and leads: approaches and platforms; the challenges and solutions of lead optimization and preclinical development that are unique to toxin-like peptides and proteins; peptidomimetics; peptides, biologics as therapeutics; toxin-derived agents currently in clinical trials; case study: the discovery and development of an approved toxin-based drug; the future: a thought-provoking look at the potential of toxins in biomedicine and bioengineering as impacted by other natural science disciplines, disruptive technologies, from genome editing to AI, to nanorobotics, and beyond.

Dr. Zoltan Takacs
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • animal venom
  • toxin
  • peptide
  • protein
  • enzyme
  • drug discovery

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

28 pages, 1085 KiB  
Review
Wasp Venom Biochemical Components and Their Potential in Biological Applications and Nanotechnological Interventions
by Aida Abd El-Wahed, Nermeen Yosri, Hanem H. Sakr, Ming Du, Ahmed F. M. Algethami, Chao Zhao, Ahmed H. Abdelazeem, Haroon Elrasheid Tahir, Saad H. D. Masry, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim, Syed Ghulam Musharraf, Islam El-Garawani, Guoyin Kai, Yahya Al Naggar, Shaden A. M. Khalifa and Hesham R. El-Seedi
Toxins 2021, 13(3), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13030206 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 50 | Viewed by 7489
Abstract
Wasps, members of the order Hymenoptera, are distributed in different parts of the world, including Brazil, Thailand, Japan, Korea, and Argentina. The lifestyles of the wasps are solitary and social. Social wasps use venom as a defensive measure to protect their colonies, whereas [...] Read more.
Wasps, members of the order Hymenoptera, are distributed in different parts of the world, including Brazil, Thailand, Japan, Korea, and Argentina. The lifestyles of the wasps are solitary and social. Social wasps use venom as a defensive measure to protect their colonies, whereas solitary wasps use their venom to capture prey. Chemically, wasp venom possesses a wide variety of enzymes, proteins, peptides, volatile compounds, and bioactive constituents, which include phospholipase A2, antigen 5, mastoparan, and decoralin. The bioactive constituents have anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the limited quantities of wasp venom and the scarcity of advanced strategies for the synthesis of wasp venom’s bioactive compounds remain a challenge facing the effective usage of wasp venom. Solid-phase peptide synthesis is currently used to prepare wasp venom peptides and their analogs such as mastoparan, anoplin, decoralin, polybia-CP, and polydim-I. The goal of the current review is to highlight the medicinal value of the wasp venom compounds, as well as limitations and possibilities. Wasp venom could be a potential and novel natural source to develop innovative pharmaceuticals and new agents for drug discovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Drug Discovery from Animal Venoms)
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