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TropicalMed
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Global Burden of Infectious Diseases in Children
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Global Burden of Infectious Diseases in Children

A special issue of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (ISSN 2414-6366). This special issue belongs to the section "Infectious Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 9157

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Adam W. Bartlett

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
2. Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Sydney 2031, Australia
Interests: neglected tropical diseases; HIV; spatial epidemiology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite substantial gains made in reducing childhood morbidity and mortality related to infectious diseases, they remain some of the largest contributors to disease burden in children on a global scale. Many of these infections can be prevented or appropriately managed through immunizations, antimicrobial treatment, adequate sanitation and hygiene conditions, and suitable maternal and child health infrastructures. However, major challenges persist in finding equitable access to such health measures, resulting in disparate progress across regions and countries.

This Special Issue will focus on the major contributors to the burden of infectious diseases in children, the unique challenges faced by pediatric populations, and avenues for equitable progress in reducing the global burden of childhood infections. Areas of specific interest include:

  • HIV, tuberculosis, and malaria;
  • Neglected tropical diseases;
  • Emerging and re-emerging pathogens;
  • Vaccine-preventable diseases;
  • Antimicrobial resistance.

Dr. Adam W. Bartlett
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pediatrics
  • infectious diseases
  • neglected tropical diseases
  • antimicrobial resistance
  • HIV
  • tuberculosis
  • malaria

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 629 KiB  
Article
High Diversity of Giardia duodenalis Assemblages and Sub-Assemblages in Asymptomatic School Children in Ibadan, Nigeria
by Muyideen K. Tijani, Pamela C. Köster, Isabel Guadano-Procesi, Imo S. George, Elizabeth Abodunrin, Adedamola Adeola, Alejandro Dashti, Begoña Bailo, David González-Barrio and David Carmena
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(3), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8030152 - 28 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2270
Abstract
Giardia duodenalis is a significant contributor to the burden of diarrheal disease in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assesses the occurrence and molecular diversity of G. duodenalis and other intestinal parasites in apparently healthy children (n = 311) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Microscopy was [...] Read more.
Giardia duodenalis is a significant contributor to the burden of diarrheal disease in sub-Saharan Africa. This study assesses the occurrence and molecular diversity of G. duodenalis and other intestinal parasites in apparently healthy children (n = 311) in Ibadan, Nigeria. Microscopy was used as a screening method and PCR and Sanger sequencing as confirmatory and genotyping methods, respectively. Haplotype analyses were performed to examine associations between genetic variants and epidemiological variables. At microscopy examination, G. duodenalis was the most prevalent parasite found (29.3%, 91/311; 95% CI: 24.3–34.7), followed by Entamoeba spp. (18.7%, 58/311; 14.5–23.4), Ascaris lumbricoides (1.3%, 4/311; 0.4–3.3), and Taenia sp. (0.3%, 1/311; 0.01–1.8). qPCR confirmed the presence of G. duodenalis in 76.9% (70/91) of the microscopy-positive samples. Of them, 65.9% (60/91) were successfully genotyped. Assemblage B (68.3%, 41/60) was more prevalent than assemblage A (28.3%, 17/60). Mixed A + B infections were identified in two samples (3.3%, 2/60). These facts, together with the absence of animal-adapted assemblages, suggest that human transmission of giardiasis was primarily anthroponotic. Efforts to control G. duodenalis (and other fecal-orally transmitted pathogens) should focus on providing safe drinking water and improving sanitation and personal hygiene practices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Burden of Infectious Diseases in Children)
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11 pages, 2490 KiB  
Article
Spatial Distribution and Temporal Trend of Childhood Tuberculosis in Brazil
by Fernanda Bruzadelli Paulino da Costa, Antonio Carlos Vieira Ramos, Thaís Zamboni Berra, Yan Mathias Alves, Ruan Victor dos Santos Silva, Juliane de Almeida Crispim, Marcio Souza dos Santos, Adelia Roberto Nanque, Titilade Kehinde Ayandeyi Teibo and Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8010012 - 25 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3933
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) in children presents specificities in its diagnosis, which makes it prone to underreporting: therefore, the disease in this group is still a serious public health problem in several countries. We aimed to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal trend of childhood [...] Read more.
Tuberculosis (TB) in children presents specificities in its diagnosis, which makes it prone to underreporting: therefore, the disease in this group is still a serious public health problem in several countries. We aimed to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal trend of childhood TB in Brazil. An ecological study with time series, spatial analysis, and description of cases in Brazil between 2010–2021 was conducted. A total of 1,054,263 TB cases were reported in the period, with 30,001 (2.8%) in children. The yearly average was 2,500 cases, with a trend toward an increase in the incidence rate in 2018 and 2019 and a decline in 2020. Children under 5 years old represented 38.2% of cases, 5.2% were indigenous, and 424 children (1.4%) died. Sputum culture was performed for 18.4% of pulmonary TB. The incidence rates were higher in municipalities in the north and midwest regions, with high occurrence locations (hot spots), especially on borders with other countries. There was a reduction in childhood TB in 2020, possibly related to the COVID-19 pandemic. Strategies are needed for the identification and monitoring of childhood TB, with reinforcement of professional training for assistance and control, especially in the most vulnerable locations and groups. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Burden of Infectious Diseases in Children)
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Review

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13 pages, 1016 KiB  
Review
Genetic Diversity of Rotaviruses Circulating in Pediatric Patients and Domestic Animals in Thailand
by Nutthawadee Jampanil, Kattareeya Kumthip, Niwat Maneekarn and Pattara Khamrin
Trop. Med. Infect. Dis. 2023, 8(7), 347; https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070347 - 29 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2132
Abstract
Rotavirus A is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans and a wide variety of animals. In this review, we summarized the information on rotavirus described in the studies in the last decade (2008 to 2021) in Thailand, including the [...] Read more.
Rotavirus A is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis in humans and a wide variety of animals. In this review, we summarized the information on rotavirus described in the studies in the last decade (2008 to 2021) in Thailand, including the prevalence, seasonality, genetic diversity, and interspecies transmission. The overall prevalence of rotavirus infection in humans ranged from 15–33%. Rotavirus infection was detected throughout the year and most frequently in the dry and cold months, typically in March. The diversity of rotavirus genotypes varied year to year and from region to region. From 2008 to 2016, rotavirus G1P[8] was detected as the most predominant genotype in Thailand. After 2016, G1P[8] decreased significantly and other genotypes including G3P[8], G8P[8], and G9P[8] were increasingly detected from 2016 to 2020. Several uncommon rotavirus strains such as G1P[6], G4P[6], and G3P[10] have also been occasionally detected. In addition, most studies on rotavirus A infection in animals in Thailand from 2011 to 2021 reported the detection of rotavirus A in piglets and canine species. It was reported that rotavirus could cross the host species barrier between humans and animals through interspecies transmission and genetic reassortment mechanisms. The surveillance of rotavirus infection is crucial to identify the trend of rotavirus infection and the emergence of novel rotavirus genotypes in this country. The data provide information on rotavirus infection and the diversity of rotavirus genotypes circulating in the pre-vaccination period, and the data will be useful for the evaluation of the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine implementation in Thailand. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Global Burden of Infectious Diseases in Children)
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