Vaccines

Editorial

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2 pages, 161 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

COVID-19 and Dentistry: Enhancing Knowledge and Attitudes towards Infections, Immunity, and Vaccination

by Ajinkya M Pawar and Mohmed Isaqali Karobari

Vaccines 2023, 11(7), 1158; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11071158 - 26 Jun 2023

Viewed by 1226

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted every part of human life, including healthcare systems, and presented societies with hitherto unheard-of concerns [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Dentistry: Knowledge and Attitude towards Infections, Immunity and Vaccination)

Research

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21 pages, 3146 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccines in India: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Gunjan Kumar, Samikshya Jena, Niher Tabassum Snigdha, Sakeenabi Basha, Jayaraj Kodangattil Narayanan and Alexander Maniangat Luke

Vaccines 2023, 11(5), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11050964 - 9 May 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3649

Abstract

This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the acceptability levels for COVID vaccine(s) in various states in India. Published articles in PubMed/Scopus/Cochrane/DOAJ/the Web of Science that focused on assessing COVID-19 vaccine hesitation/vaccine acceptance using a survey/questionnaire were included. After extensive research, 524 [...] Read more.

This systematic review and meta-analysis sought to evaluate the acceptability levels for COVID vaccine(s) in various states in India. Published articles in PubMed/Scopus/Cochrane/DOAJ/the Web of Science that focused on assessing COVID-19 vaccine hesitation/vaccine acceptance using a survey/questionnaire were included. After extensive research, 524 records were found, and after screening on the basis of eligibility criteria, only 23 papers were added to this review. Increased vaccine assumption percentage (>70%) among the population was found in two surveys nationwide (92.8%) and in Delhi (79.5%). For pooled estimates of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and heterogeneity, twenty-three studies (23) consisting of 39,567 individuals reported for acceptance of COVID 19 vaccine in India.. Out of these, 26,028 individuals accepted the COVID-19 vaccine, giving a pooled estimate of 62.6% (95% CI: 55.6–69.4) with considerable heterogeneity (χ² = 3397.3, p < 0.0001; I² = 99.40%). The results of this study give a brief insight into the percentage acceptance and hesitancy among the Indian population regarding COVID-19 vaccine immunisation. Future research and vaccine education initiatives can be steered by the findings of this work as a starting point. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Dentistry: Knowledge and Attitude towards Infections, Immunity and Vaccination)

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15 pages, 3789 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Oral Microcirculation in Patients Undergoing Anti COVID-19 Vaccination: A Preliminary Study

by Adriana Acquaro, Giorgia Brusca, Sofia Casella, Enzo Maria Cumbo, Antonio Della Valle, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari, Giuseppe Marino, Anand Marya, Pietro Messina, Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina, Domenico Tegolo, Antonino Tocco and Cesare Valenti

Vaccines 2022, 10(11), 1978; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111978 - 21 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2022

Abstract

Videocapillaroscopy allows the study of both the morphological and architectural structure of the microcirculation and its hemodynamic conditions; these parameters are directly involved in autoimmune and/or inflammatory pathologies. The purpose of this research, based on capillaroscopy, is to establish whether a patient who [...] Read more.

Videocapillaroscopy allows the study of both the morphological and architectural structure of the microcirculation and its hemodynamic conditions; these parameters are directly involved in autoimmune and/or inflammatory pathologies. The purpose of this research, based on capillaroscopy, is to establish whether a patient who receives an anti-COVID 19 vaccine has any changes in their oral microcirculation. A complete capillaroscopic mapping of the oral cavity of the subjects examined was made; the investigated mucosa sites were the following: cheek, labial, chewing-gingival and back of the tongue. This study showed an increase in capillary density from the comparison between the mean labial capillary density of vaccinated patients and the reference mean capillary density value of the literature. The increase in capillary density is a sign that can be attributed to an increase in angiogenic activity. The EMA, GACVS and MHRA have reviewed the risk of thrombosis after vaccination, agreeing that the benefits outweigh the risks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Dentistry: Knowledge and Attitude towards Infections, Immunity and Vaccination)

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12 pages, 270 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice towards the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study among the General Public in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

by Namdeo Prabhu, Meshal Aber Alonazi, Hmoud Ali Algarni, Rakhi Issrani, Sarah Hatab Alanazi, Mohammed Katib Alruwaili, Gharam Radhi Alanazi, Azhar Iqbal and Osama Khattak

Vaccines 2022, 10(11), 1945; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10111945 - 17 Nov 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2107

Abstract

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has been spreading worldwide in an unprecedented manner. The knowledge, attitude and practices of the general population play a vital role in prevention of COVID-19. Objectives: The present study aimed to [...] Read more.

Background: The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease that has been spreading worldwide in an unprecedented manner. The knowledge, attitude and practices of the general population play a vital role in prevention of COVID-19. Objectives: The present study aimed to assess the COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes and practices of the general public of Sakaka, Saudi Arabia, to identify which populations show low levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19, making them highly likely to remain vulnerable during the pandemic. Methodology: For this study, a nineteen-item closed-ended questionnaire was hand delivered to the general public, including patients and other hospital attendees attending the Outpatient Department of the College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Saudi Arabia. The research questions focused on the demographic information, knowledge, attitude and practices related to COVID-19. Data analysis is presented through tables and descriptive methods. Results: A total of 722 participants took part in the survey questionnaire. The majority of the respondents belonged to the age group of 28–37 years (n = 320; 44.3%), with female participants (n = 419; 58.0%) outnumbering the male participants (n = 303; 42.0%). Most of the respondents had good knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19. Patients aged 28–37 years (p = 0.000) with a master’s degree (p = 0.011) and government employees (p = 0.000) had significantly better knowledge than their counterparts. Significantly optimistic attitudes were noticed in participants aged 28–37 years (p = 0.000) with a master’s degree (p = 0.000), the married (p = 0.047) and government employees (p = 0.000). Government employees (p = 0.014) had significantly better practices. Conclusions: Overall, the participants of this study had good COVID-19-related knowledge, attitudes and practices. These findings would be useful in motivating the general population to follow the precautionary measures that will aid in prevention of COVID-19. Furthermore, the findings may help policymakers identify the target populations, especially the less educated and older adults, for COVID-19 prevention and health education. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Dentistry: Knowledge and Attitude towards Infections, Immunity and Vaccination)

10 pages, 242 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Knowledge and Acceptance of the COVID-19 Vaccine for COVID-19 Disease Prevention among the Indian Population: A Mixed-Method Study

by Pratibha Taneja, Charu Mohan Marya, Parul Kashyap, Sakshi Kataria, Ruchi Nagpal, Mohmed Isaqali Karobari and Anand Marya

Vaccines 2022, 10(10), 1605; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101605 - 24 Sep 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1812

Abstract

Aim: To assess the Knowledge and Acceptance of the COVID vaccine among the Indian population. Materials and methods: The present mixed-method study was conducted in two phases. The first phase: quantitative assessment of knowledge and acceptance for the COVID-19 vaccine using an E [...] Read more.

Aim: To assess the Knowledge and Acceptance of the COVID vaccine among the Indian population. Materials and methods: The present mixed-method study was conducted in two phases. The first phase: quantitative assessment of knowledge and acceptance for the COVID-19 vaccine using an E survey (N = 606). The second phase: qualitative assessment using semi-structured face-to-face interviews with the study participants (N = 30) and assessment was done using a thematic approach. Study participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. Results: It was found that a large proportion of subjects in the 16–25 year of age group knew the cause of disease. But knowledge about its transmission process was found to be more in >60 years of age gap and almost all the participants in all the age group preferred Covishield. The vaccine acceptance rate was found to be low as compared to the knowledge. Conclusion: Most study participants were found to have satisfactory knowledge, but acceptance rate was comparatively lesser. Hence, more information and awareness campaigns must be launched reassuring the population about vaccine safety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Dentistry: Knowledge and Attitude towards Infections, Immunity and Vaccination)

Review

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12 pages, 633 KiB

Open AccessReview

Surgical Protocols before and after COVID-19—A Narrative Review

by Sahana Shivkumar, Vini Mehta, Sunil Kumar Vaddamanu, Urvashi A. Shetty, Fahad Hussain Alhamoudi, Maram Ali M. Alwadi, Lujain Ibrahim N. Aldosari, Abdulkhaliq Ali F. Alshadidi and Giuseppe Minervini

Vaccines 2023, 11(2), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11020439 - 14 Feb 2023

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2372

Abstract

The COVID-19 epidemic has affected not only people’s daily lives but also the working methods of clinicians, surgical procedures, open/minimally invasive procedures, operating room management, patient and healthcare worker safety, education and training. The main objective of this study was to review selected [...] Read more.

The COVID-19 epidemic has affected not only people’s daily lives but also the working methods of clinicians, surgical procedures, open/minimally invasive procedures, operating room management, patient and healthcare worker safety, education and training. The main objective of this study was to review selected articles and determine the changes in the general surgery protocols/procedures before and after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature was carried out in PubMed-Medline, Cochrane Library, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar. The terms utilised for the searches were “SARS-CoV-2”, “Surgery”, “COVID-19”, “Surgical protocol”, “Surgical recommendations” and “before and after”. A total of 236 studies were identified, out of which 41 studies were included for data extraction. Significant changes in all the articles were observed with respect to the surgeries done before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. Specifically, the number of elective surgeries were considerably fewer in comparison to the pre-pandemic period. Since the COVID-19 pandemic started, hospitals all throughout the world have conducted significantly fewer procedures, particularly elective/non-urgent surgeries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Dentistry: Knowledge and Attitude towards Infections, Immunity and Vaccination)

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24 pages, 1039 KiB

Open AccessReview

Comprehensive Highlights of the Universal Efforts towards the Development of COVID-19 Vaccine

by Riyaz Ahamed Shaik, Mohammed Shakil Ahmad, Mansour Alzahrani, Nasser A. N. Alzerwi, Ahmad K. Alnemare, Musaed Reyzah, Haitham M. Albar, Salah Alshagrawi, Ahmed M. E. Elkhalifa, Raed Alzahrani, Yousef Alrohaimi, Turki M. Bin Mahfoz, Ritu Kumar Ahmad, Riyadh Ahmed Alahmdi and Nora Raid Saleem Al-baradie

Vaccines 2022, 10(10), 1689; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101689 - 10 Oct 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3723

Abstract

The world has taken proactive measures to combat the pandemic since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). These measures range from increasing the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) and highlighting the value [...] Read more.

The world has taken proactive measures to combat the pandemic since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, which was caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). These measures range from increasing the production of personal protective equipment (PPE) and highlighting the value of social distancing to the emergency use authorization (EUA) of therapeutic drugs or antibodies and their appropriate use; nonetheless, the disease is still spreading quickly and is ruining people’s social lives, the economy, and public health. As a result, effective vaccines are critical for bringing the pandemic to an end and restoring normalcy in society. Several potential COVID-19 vaccines are now being researched, developed, tested, and reviewed. Since the end of June 2022, several vaccines have been provisionally approved, whereas others are about to be approved. In the upcoming years, a large number of new medications that are presently undergoing clinical testing are anticipated to hit the market. To illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of their technique, to emphasize the additives and delivery methods used in their creation, and to project potential future growth, this study explores these vaccines and the related research endeavors, including conventional and prospective approaches. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Dentistry: Knowledge and Attitude towards Infections, Immunity and Vaccination)

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25 pages, 1151 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Comprehensive Review on the Current Vaccines and Their Efficacies to Combat SARS-CoV-2 Variants

by Ali A. Rabaan, Abbas Al Mutair, Khalid Hajissa, Amal H. Alfaraj, Jumana M. Al-Jishi, Mashael Alhajri, Sara Alwarthan, Shahab A. Alsuliman, Amal H. Al-Najjar, Ibrahim A. Al Zaydani, Ghadeer Hassan Al-Absi, Sana A. Alshaikh, Mohammed S. Alkathlan, Souad A. Almuthree, Abdulsalam Alawfi, Amer Alshengeti, Fatimah Z. Almubarak, Mohammed S. Qashgari, Areeg N. K. Abdalla and Saad Alhumaid

Vaccines 2022, 10(10), 1655; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10101655 - 2 Oct 2022

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 5648

Abstract

Since the first case of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 infection has affected many individuals worldwide. Eventually, some highly infectious mutants—caused by frequent genetic recombination—have been reported for SARS-CoV-2 that can potentially escape [...] Read more.

Since the first case of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in 2019, SARS-CoV-2 infection has affected many individuals worldwide. Eventually, some highly infectious mutants—caused by frequent genetic recombination—have been reported for SARS-CoV-2 that can potentially escape from the immune responses and induce long-term immunity, linked with a high mortality rate. In addition, several reports stated that vaccines designed for the SARS-CoV-2 wild-type variant have mixed responses against the variants of concern (VOCs) and variants of interest (VOIs) in the human population. These results advocate the designing and development of a panvaccine with the potential to neutralize all the possible emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2. In this context, recent discoveries suggest the design of SARS-CoV-2 panvaccines using nanotechnology, siRNA, antibodies or CRISPR-Cas platforms. Thereof, the present comprehensive review summarizes the current vaccine design approaches against SARS-CoV-2 infection, the role of genetic mutations in the emergence of new viral variants, the efficacy of existing vaccines in limiting the infection of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, and efforts or challenges in designing SARS panvaccines. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and Dentistry: Knowledge and Attitude towards Infections, Immunity and Vaccination)

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