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Veterinary Sciences
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Immunological Assessment of Veterinary Infectious Diseases
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Immunological Assessment of Veterinary Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Microbiology, Parasitology and Immunology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 January 2025 | Viewed by 9504

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. María José García-Iglesias

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Health, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
Interests: veterinary pathology; microbiology; porcine respiratory disease complex; antimicrobial resistance; vaccines; immune response; immunohistochemistry
Prof. Dr. César-B. Gutiérrez Martín

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Health, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
Interests: veterinary pathology; microbiology; porcine respiratory disease complex; antimicrobial resistance; vaccines; immune response; immunohistochemistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sonia Martinez

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Animal Health, Universidad de León, León, Spain
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; biofilm; microbiology; porcine respiratory disease complex; vaccination
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infectious diseases are responsible for large economic losses in farm animals, pets, and wildlife. Most of these diseases are contagious, and they result in high animal mortality and morbidity associated with reduced animal growth, treatment costs, and condemnation in organs and carcasses at the slaughterhouse. Moreover, zoonotic diseases represent a danger to human health. The diagnosis of infectious diseases is mainly based on serological tests and cultures of the causative pathogens. Histopathological studies with routine staining or histochemical techniques may also help to identify some pathogens and/or their tissue injury. However, these tools have limitations such as difficulties in interpreting serological results in immunocompromised animals, the unavailability of fresh tissue for culture, and non-specific tissue lesions, among others. In this context, the aim of this Special Issue is to encourage scientists to publish their immunological studies on any infectious disease in animals to better understand the host–pathogen relationships that allow for the improvement and development of novel prophylactic, therapeutic and diagnostic tools.

Prof. Dr. María José García-Iglesias
Prof. Dr. César-B. Gutiérrez Martín
Dr. Sonia Martinez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immunological assessment
  • infectious diseases
  • animals

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4720 KiB  
Article
Early Transcriptional Changes in Feline Herpesvirus-1-Infected Crandell-Rees Feline Kidney Cells
by Xiuqing Xiao, Fuqiang Xu and Fan Jia
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(11), 529; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11110529 - 30 Oct 2024
Viewed by 591
Abstract
FHV-1 is a highly contagious pathogen that significantly threatens feline health and contributes to rising pet healthcare costs. The mechanisms underlying FHV-1 and host interactions remain poorly understood. For the first time, we conducted a systematic analysis of transcriptomic changes in CRFK cells [...] Read more.
FHV-1 is a highly contagious pathogen that significantly threatens feline health and contributes to rising pet healthcare costs. The mechanisms underlying FHV-1 and host interactions remain poorly understood. For the first time, we conducted a systematic analysis of transcriptomic changes in CRFK cells following FHV-1 infection using RNA-seq. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) displayed significant associations with cellular components, particularly the chromatin structure. Pathway analysis of the DEGs highlighted key host immune responses, including Toll-like receptors (TLRs), IL-17, TNF, MAPK, and Rap1 signaling pathways. By integrating the RNA-seq and RT-qPCR results, we identified CXCL8, CXCL10, MMP1, MMP9, CSF2, CSF3, CCL20, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TNF, and FOS as potentially important genes in the host’s immune response to FHV-1. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying FHV-1 and host interactions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunological Assessment of Veterinary Infectious Diseases)
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16 pages, 1713 KiB  
Article
Caprine Paratuberculosis Seroprevalence and Immune Response to Anti-Mycobacterium avium Subspecies paratuberculosis Vaccination on the Canary Islands, Spain
by Elena Plamenova Stefanova, Yania Paz-Sánchez, Óscar Quesada-Canales, María del Pino Quintana-Montesdeoca, Antonio Espinosa de los Monteros, Ana Sofía Ramírez, Antonio Fernández and Marisa Andrada
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(9), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090388 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1095
Abstract
Paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic disease with economic impact on ruminant farming worldwide. The Canary Islands count with the fourth largest goat population in Spain and are “officially free” of bovine tuberculosis. Twelve farms were included [...] Read more.
Paratuberculosis (PTB), caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic disease with economic impact on ruminant farming worldwide. The Canary Islands count with the fourth largest goat population in Spain and are “officially free” of bovine tuberculosis. Twelve farms were included with 2774 serum samples tested by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detection of anti-MAP antibodies in two sessions. In the first session, an overall apparent prevalence of 18.4% (2.5% up to 61.1%) was obtained. Farms with prevalences (0–10%], (10–20%] and >20% were identified, with differences in seroconversion in the same prevalence group between farms and age ranges. Non-vaccinated (nV) and vaccinated (V) animals were included in the second sampling session. Higher levels of antibodies were detected in V animals older than 12 months, with considerable variations between age ranges and farms. Our results describe the current PTB status of the Canary Islands’ goat farming. Furthermore, new insights on the effect of the farm prevalence on seroconversion in V animals are provided, although further studies are needed to evaluate the multiple factors affecting the immune response to anti-MAP vaccination. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunological Assessment of Veterinary Infectious Diseases)
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13 pages, 1812 KiB  
Article
Detection of Serum IgG Specific for Brachyspira pilosicoli and “Brachyspira canis” in Dogs
by Julia Gothe, Matthias Horn, Christoph G. Baums, Romy M. Heilmann and Wieland Schrödl
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(7), 302; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11070302 - 3 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1845
Abstract
Brachyspira pilosicoli (B. pilosicoli) is a pathogen in pigs, poultry, and humans causing colitis, diarrhea, and poor growth rates. Its role as a canine pathogen is controversial, and the seroprevalence of specific IgG antibodies against B. pilosicoli in dogs is unknown. [...] Read more.
Brachyspira pilosicoli (B. pilosicoli) is a pathogen in pigs, poultry, and humans causing colitis, diarrhea, and poor growth rates. Its role as a canine pathogen is controversial, and the seroprevalence of specific IgG antibodies against B. pilosicoli in dogs is unknown. A further, not yet officially recognized Brachyspira species in dogs is “Brachyspira canis” (“B. canis“), which is proposed to be apathogenic. This study evaluates enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) measuring serum IgG antibodies specific for B. pilosicoli or “B. canis” and investigates levels of specific IgG antibodies against B. pilosicoli and “B. canis” in a cohort of clinical patients presented at an animal referral clinic. These ELISAs use detergent-extracted antigens from B. pilosicoli and “B. canis”. To increase analytic specificity, we precipitated the antigens with trichloroacetic acid (TCA) to isolate and concentrate the respective protein fraction. Our results indicate that a large number of serum IgG antibodies bind to shared epitopes of detergent-extracted antigens of the two spirochaetes. Our data also suggest that dogs might not only carry B. pilosicoli but also have “B. canis”-specific serum IgG antibodies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunological Assessment of Veterinary Infectious Diseases)
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15 pages, 5934 KiB  
Article
Identification, Genetic Characterization, and Pathogenicity of Three Feline Herpesvirus Type 1 Isolates from Domestic Cats in China
by Mingliang Deng, Haiyang Liang, Yue Xu, Qiwen Shi, Fang Bao, Caiying Mei, Zhihong Dai and Xianhui Huang
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(7), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11070285 - 25 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1860
Abstract
(1) Background: Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) is a significant pathogen in cats, causing respiratory and ocular diseases with consequential economic and welfare implications. (2) Methods: This study aimed to isolate and characterize FHV-1 from clinical samples and assess its pathogenicity. We collected 35 nasal [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) is a significant pathogen in cats, causing respiratory and ocular diseases with consequential economic and welfare implications. (2) Methods: This study aimed to isolate and characterize FHV-1 from clinical samples and assess its pathogenicity. We collected 35 nasal and ocular swabs from cats showing symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection and FHV positivity detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Viral isolation was carried out using feline kidney (F81) cell lines. Confirmation of FHV-1 presence was achieved through PCR detection, sequencing, electron microscopy, and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The isolated strains were further characterized by evaluating their titers, growth kinetics, and genetic characteristics. Additionally, we assessed the pathogenicity of the isolated strains in a feline model, monitoring clinical signs, viral shedding, and histopathological changes. (3) Results: Three strains of FHV-1 were isolated, purified, and identified. The isolated FHV-1 strains exhibited high homology among themselves and with domestic isolates and FHV-1 viruses from around the world. However, they showed varying degrees of virulence, with one strain (FHV-A1) causing severe clinical signs and histopathological lesions. (4) Conclusion: This study advances our understanding of the genetic and pathogenic characteristics of FHV-1 in China. These findings underscore FHV-A1 isolate as a potentially ideal candidate for establishing a challenge model and as a potential vaccine strain for vaccine development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunological Assessment of Veterinary Infectious Diseases)
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11 pages, 864 KiB  
Article
An ELISA to Detect Antibodies to Bovine Alphaherpesviruses 1 and 5 and Bubaline Alphaherpesvirus 1 in Cattle Sera
by Camila Mengue Scheffer, Sylio Alfredo Petzhold, Ana Paula Muterle Varela, Willian Pinto Paim, Phelipe Magalhães Duarte, Márcia Regina Loiko, Cristine Cerva, Candice Schmidt, Adrieli Wendlant, Samuel Paulo Cibulski, Diane Alves de Lima, Caroline Tochetto, Anne Caroline Ramos dos Santos, Juliana Inês Herpich, Thais Fumaco Teixeira, Helton Fernandes dos Santos, Fabrício Souza Campos, Ana Cláudia Franco and Paulo Michel Roehe
Vet. Sci. 2023, 10(2), 110; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10020110 - 2 Feb 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2436
Abstract
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, and 1.2b), type 5 (subtypes 5a, 5b, and 5c), and bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) induce highly, though not fully cross-reactive serological responses. Most types and subtypes of these viruses circulate particularly in countries of the southern hemisphere, [...] Read more.
Bovine alphaherpesvirus 1 (subtypes 1.1, 1.2a, and 1.2b), type 5 (subtypes 5a, 5b, and 5c), and bubaline herpesvirus 1 (BuHV-1) induce highly, though not fully cross-reactive serological responses. Most types and subtypes of these viruses circulate particularly in countries of the southern hemisphere, notably Brazil and Argentina. Therefore, the detection of infected animals is important in defining prevention and control strategies, particularly when flocks are destined for international trade. Identification of infected herds is most often achieved by assays that detect antibodies, such as enzyme immunoassays (ELISAs). However, to date, no ELISA has been evaluated in its capacity to detect antibodies to these alphaherpesviruses. Here, an ELISA was developed to detect antibodies to all currently recognized BoAHV-1, BoAHV-5, and BuAHV-1 types/subtypes, and its sensitivity and specificity were determined. Six hundred bovine sera were screened in serum neutralization tests (SN) against the seven viruses. ELISAs prepared with each of the viruses were compared to SN. Subsequently, a combined assay with multiple antigens LISA was prepared by mixing five viral antigens, chosen for their highest sensitivity in the preparative assays. In comparison to SN, the mAgELISA sensitivity was 96.5% with 96.1% specificity (κ = 0.93; PPV = 95.0%; NPV = 97.3%). The findings reveal that the mAgELISA developed here is highly suitable for the detection of antibodies, comparable in sensitivity and specificity to that of SN when performed with all known types and subtypes of bovine and bubaline alphaherpesviruses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Immunological Assessment of Veterinary Infectious Diseases)
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