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Veterinary Sciences
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Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals
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Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals

A special issue of Veterinary Sciences (ISSN 2306-7381). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Internal Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 January 2025) | Viewed by 24412

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Louise van der Weyden

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
Interests: oncology; cancer; metastasis; cancer genetics; cancer genomics; comparative oncology; comparative genomics; animal models of cancer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As with ourselves, family members or friends, our pets may also develop a tumour during their lifetime. This could be either a benign or malignant tumour, a common or rarely reported tumour type, a tumour type for which prognosis is known or which no prognostic biomarkers are available, and/or a tumour for which therapy is available (either curative or allows for a significant period of disease-free survival) or one in which there are currently no options available (depending on tumour type, stage, and location). The news that our beloved pet has a tumour inevitably makes us want to know everything that there is to know about this tumour type, and sadly, we soon realise that much research remains to be done to be able to provide a better outlook for pets with tumours.

To this end, this Special Issue seeks to showcase investigations into understanding all aspects of neoplasia in pets, from tumourigenesis to progression to development of therapeutic resistance, as well as gaining an understanding of aetiology and thus potential methods of prevention. Some suggested topics include investigations into the underlying genetics or signalling pathways that play a role in driving tumourigenesis and/or tumour progression, identification of diagnostic, prognostic or therapeutic biomarkers, evaluation of current and/or novel treatment regimes, or case reports of novel tumour types/clinical presentations. 

We hope that you will contribute an article to this Special Issue and showcase the dedication and effort that is being put into increasing our understanding of neoplasia in pets.

Dr. Louise van der Weyden
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Veterinary Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2100 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dog
  • cat
  • horse
  • rabbit
  • pet
  • neoplasia
  • tumour
  • cancer
  • oncology
  • genetics
  • pathology
  • diagnosis
  • prognosis
  • treatment
  • resistance
  • biomarker
  • presentation

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (12 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 11633 KiB  
Article
Expression of Mutated BRAFV595E Kinase in Canine Carcinomas—An Immunohistochemical Study
by Annika Bartel, Heike Aupperle-Lellbach, Alexandra Kehl, Silvia Weidle, Leonore Aeschlimann, Robert Klopfleisch and Simone de Brot
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(11), 584; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11110584 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 2147
Abstract
Alterations of the BRAF gene and the resulting changes in the BRAF protein are one example of molecular cancer profiling in humans and dogs. We tested 227 samples of canine carcinomas from different anatomical sites (anal sac (n = 23), intestine ( [...] Read more.
Alterations of the BRAF gene and the resulting changes in the BRAF protein are one example of molecular cancer profiling in humans and dogs. We tested 227 samples of canine carcinomas from different anatomical sites (anal sac (n = 23), intestine (n = 21), liver (n = 21), lungs (n = 19), mammary gland (n = 20), nasal cavity (n = 21), oral epithelium (n = 18), ovary (n = 20), prostate (n = 21), thyroid gland (n = 21), urinary bladder (n = 22)) with two commercially available primary anti-BRAFV600E antibodies (VE1 Ventana, VE1 Abcam). The immunohistochemical results were confirmed with droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). BRAFV595E-mutated cases were found in canine prostatic (16/21), urothelial (17/22), and oral squamous cell carcinomas (4/18), while other carcinoma types tested negative. Both antibodies showed consistent results, with intracytoplasmic immunolabeling of tumour cells, making them reliable tools for detecting the BRAFV595E mutation in canine carcinomas. In conclusion, identifying BRAF mutations from biopsy material offers a valuable opportunity to enhance cancer treatment strategies (BRAF inhibitors) in canine urothelial carcinomas, prostatic carcinomas, and oral squamous cell carcinomas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)
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9 pages, 1272 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Antitumor Effect of Oils Rich in CBD and THC Cannabis Extract in Canine Prostate Carcinoma Cell Lines
by Luís Gustavo Ramos de Moraes Calheiros, Giovana Pedro, Thayna Oliveira da Silva, Rogério Martins Amorim, Carlos Eduardo Fonseca Alves and Renée Laufer-Amorim
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(10), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11100501 - 13 Oct 2024
Viewed by 3364
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, even when diagnosed at an early stage in humans and dogs. Dogs have a significant incidence of spontaneous prostate cancer, which is highly similar to human androgen-independent prostate cancer and represents [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide, even when diagnosed at an early stage in humans and dogs. Dogs have a significant incidence of spontaneous prostate cancer, which is highly similar to human androgen-independent prostate cancer and represents a valuable model for comparative studies. Cannabidiol (CBD) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) are the two main cannabinoids extracted from Cannabis sativa and have demonstrated antiproliferative and anti-invasive properties in different tumor types. In this study, CBD or THC-rich extracts inhibited the proliferation of two canine prostatic carcinoma cell lines, PC1 and PC2, showing an IC50 of 3.43 and 3.57 μM for CBD rich extracts, and 4.90 and 4.48 μM THC rich extracts, respectively. Cell death was also observed with both Annexin V and Propidium iodide staining for the canine cell lines. These results provide new information concerning the use of rich oil in canine PC and open a promising opportunity for further in vitro and in vivo studies to establish the mechanisms of action of these compounds using dogs as a natural model for prostatic carcinoma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)
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16 pages, 2184 KiB  
Article
Age at Tumor Diagnosis in 14,636 Canine Cases from the Pathology-Based UNIPI Animal Cancer Registry, Italy: One Size Doesn’t Fit All
by Niccolò Fonti, Francesca Parisi, Alessio Lachi, Elena Sophie Dhein, Franco Guscetti, Alessandro Poli and Francesca Millanta
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(10), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11100485 - 8 Oct 2024
Viewed by 2221
Abstract
Cancer is the most common cause of death in adult dogs. All dogs would benefit from early diagnosis, but there are no specific guidelines regarding the schedule of cancer screening in companion animals. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the [...] Read more.
Cancer is the most common cause of death in adult dogs. All dogs would benefit from early diagnosis, but there are no specific guidelines regarding the schedule of cancer screening in companion animals. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the age at diagnosis in Italian oncological canine patients. A total of 14,636 canine histologically confirmed neoplastic cases were coded according to the Vet-ICD-O-canine-1 and stratified by malignancy, sex, neutering status, breed, cephalic index, body size, and tumor type. Differences in age distribution were analyzed and the influence of these variables on the time of first malignancy diagnosis was assessed using an event history analysis model. The median age at diagnosis for benign and malignant tumors was 9 and 10 years, respectively. Intact and purebred dogs were diagnosed earlier, but the median age differed significantly by breed. The earliest age at diagnosis was recorded for lymphomas and mast cell tumors. The model showed an accelerating effect of large size, brachy- and dolichocephaly, and sexual integrity in female dogs on the time of malignancy diagnosis. Our results confirm that a “one-size-fits-all” approach to cancer screening is not accurate in dogs and provide relevant data that may lead to the establishment of breed-based screening schedules. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)
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13 pages, 979 KiB  
Article
Exploring the Epidemiology of Melanocytic Tumors in Canine and Feline Populations: A Comprehensive Analysis of Diagnostic Records from a Single Pathology Institution in Italy
by Adriana Lo Giudice, Ilaria Porcellato, Giuseppe Giglia, Monica Sforna, Elvio Lepri, Maria Teresa Mandara, Leonardo Leonardi, Luca Mechelli and Chiara Brachelente
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(9), 435; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090435 - 14 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1543
Abstract
MTs are prevalent in dogs, representing the most frequent oral malignancy, compared to cats, in which ocular melanomas predominate. This study investigates the canine and feline MT epidemiology (2005–2024) of cases submitted to the Veterinary Pathology Service (University of Perugia). Among the canine [...] Read more.
MTs are prevalent in dogs, representing the most frequent oral malignancy, compared to cats, in which ocular melanomas predominate. This study investigates the canine and feline MT epidemiology (2005–2024) of cases submitted to the Veterinary Pathology Service (University of Perugia). Among the canine neoplasms, 845 (4%) were melanocytic: 329 (39%) melanocytomas; 512 (61%) melanomas. Of these, 485 (57%) were cutaneous (4% of canine cutaneous neoplasms), 193 (23%) were oral (50% of oral canine neoplasms), and 104 (12%) were mucocutaneous. The average age of affected dogs was 10 years. Older dogs were more likely to have melanomas compared to melanocytomas (p < 0.001). There were 60 (1%) feline MTs: 6 (10%) melanocytomas; 53 (88%) melanomas. Of these, 29 (48%) were cutaneous (1% of feline cutaneous tumors), 18 (30%) were ocular, and 9 (15%) were oral (22% of feline oral tumors). The average age of affected cats was 11 years. In dogs, mucocutaneous melanomas were more common compared to cutaneous ones (p < 0.05); oral melanomas were more common compared to all other sites (p < 0.001). In cats, ocular melanomas were more common compared to cutaneous ones (p < 0.05). Our study provides the MT prevalence in a selected canine and feline population, revealing MT epidemiological patterns, highlighting species-specific differences in the tumor prevalence, localization, and age distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)
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16 pages, 4618 KiB  
Article
Impact of Toceranib Phosphate and Carprofen on Survival and Quality of Life in Dogs with Inflammatory Mammary Carcinomas
by Miguel Garcia-de la Virgen, Isabel Del Portillo Miguel, Elisa Maiques, Ignacio Pérez Roger, Enric Poch and Juan Borrego
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(9), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11090430 - 13 Sep 2024
Viewed by 2946
Abstract
Canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is an aggressive and rare type of mammary gland cancer in dogs where vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxigenase-2 overexpression usually occur, which contribute to its invasive and angiogenic nature. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and [...] Read more.
Canine inflammatory mammary carcinoma (IMC) is an aggressive and rare type of mammary gland cancer in dogs where vascular endothelial growth factor and cyclooxigenase-2 overexpression usually occur, which contribute to its invasive and angiogenic nature. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a combined treatment regimen of toceranib phosphate and carprofen in dogs with measurable IMC. Fifteen female dogs with histopathologically confirmed IMC were included, undergoing a regimen of toceranib (2.4–2.75 mg/kg PO, three times weekly) and carprofen (4.4 mg/kg/24 h PO). Initial evaluations included physical exams, tumor measurements, complete blood count, biochemistry, urinalysis, three view thoracic radiographs, and abdominal ultrasound. Follow-up assessments of physical condition and quality of life (QOL) were conducted bi-weekly, with tumor response evaluations monthly, using RECIST v1.0 criteria. While no complete or partial responses were observed, 60% of the dogs maintained stable disease, with a median progression-free survival of 76 days and an overall survival of 90 days. Notably, 60% of the dogs showed clinical benefit through improved QOL and disease stabilization. The treatment was well-tolerated, with only grade I/II toxicities reported. Despite limited biological activity against the cancer, this protocol may enhance QOL in dogs with IMC, offering a valuable palliative option. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)
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12 pages, 242 KiB  
Article
Multimodal Blockade of the Renin–Angiotensin System in the Treatment of Cancer in Dogs Has Mild Adverse Effects in Some Dogs
by Keren E. Dittmer, Sarah Wetzel, Thomas Odom, John S. Munday, Elizabeth A. Flatt, Ingrid J. Wilson, Catherine Hughes and Swee T. Tan
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(6), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11060275 - 17 Jun 2024
Viewed by 2305
Abstract
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is increasingly being recognized to play a role in the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor growth. Studies blocking a single part of the RAS have shown mixed results, possibly due to the existence of different bypass pathways and redundancy within [...] Read more.
The renin–angiotensin system (RAS) is increasingly being recognized to play a role in the tumor microenvironment, promoting tumor growth. Studies blocking a single part of the RAS have shown mixed results, possibly due to the existence of different bypass pathways and redundancy within the RAS. As such, multimodal blockade of the RAS has been developed to exert more complete inhibition of the RAS. The aim of the present study was to assess the safety of multimodal RAS blockade in dogs. Five dogs (four with appendicular osteosarcoma, one with oral malignant melanoma) were treated with atenolol, benazepril, curcumin, meloxicam, and metformin. The dogs underwent clinical examination, blood pressure measurement, and hematology and serum biochemistry tests performed at 0, 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 weeks, then every 3 months thereafter. End-of-life decisions were made by the owners. None of the dogs developed hypotension. One dog had intermittent vomiting during the 64 weeks it was on the trial. One dog had a one-off increase in serum SDMA(symmetrical dimethylarginine) concentration. Dogs were euthanized at weeks 3 (osteosarcoma), 10 (osteosarcoma), 17 (osteosarcoma), and 26 (oral malignant melanoma), and one dog was still alive at the end of the trial at 64 weeks (osteosarcoma). This is the first assessment of multimodal blockade of the RAS in dogs, and the results suggest it causes only mild adverse effects in some animals. The efficacy of the treatment was not assessed due to the small number of dogs. This pilot study allows for future larger studies assessing multimodal RAS blockade for the treatment of canine cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)

Review

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19 pages, 1292 KiB  
Review
A Review on Canine and Human Soft Tissue Sarcomas: New Insights on Prognosis Factors and Treatment Measures
by Filippo Dell’Anno, Roberta Giugliano, Valeria Listorti and Elisabetta Razzuoli
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(8), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11080362 - 10 Aug 2024
Viewed by 3038
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) represent a diverse group of tumors arising from mesenchymal cells, affecting both humans and animals, including dogs. Although STSs represent a class of rare tumors, especially in humans, they pose significant clinical challenges due to their potential for local [...] Read more.
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) represent a diverse group of tumors arising from mesenchymal cells, affecting both humans and animals, including dogs. Although STSs represent a class of rare tumors, especially in humans, they pose significant clinical challenges due to their potential for local recurrence and distant metastasis. Dogs, as a model for human STSs, offer several advantages, including exposure to similar environmental risk factors, genetic diversity among breeds, and the spontaneous development of tumors. Furthermore, canine tumors closely mimic the heterogeneity and complexity of human tumors, making them valuable for research into disease progression and treatment effectiveness. Current treatment approaches for STSs in both dogs and humans primarily involve surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, with treatment decisions based on tumor characteristics and patient factors. However, the development of novel therapeutic strategies is essential, given the high failure rate of new drugs in clinical trials. To better design new tailored treatments, comprehension of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is fundamental, since it plays a crucial role in STS initiation and progression by modulating tumor behavior, promoting angiogenesis, and suppressing immune responses. Notably, TME features include cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM) alterations, and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) that, depending on their polarization state, can affect immune responses and thus the patient’s prognosis. In this review, new therapeutical approaches based on immunotherapy will be deeply explored as potential treatment options for both dogs and humans with STSs. In conclusion, this review provides an overview of the current understanding of STSs in dogs and humans, emphasizing the importance of the TME and potential treatment strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)
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Other

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13 pages, 4304 KiB  
Case Report
Intraoperative Frozen Section Biopsy for the Auxiliary Diagnosis of Transmural Intestinal Intermediate T-Cell Canine Lymphoma
by Felipe Gaia de Sousa, Gabrielly Milioli, José Antônio Neto, Flavia de Felice, Guilherme Chaves, Mariana Pereira, Hiasmyn Lopes, Julia Wronski, Karen Nakagaki and Suzane Beier
Vet. Sci. 2025, 12(2), 104; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci12020104 - 1 Feb 2025
Viewed by 236
Abstract
Intestinal lymphoma is characterized by a malignant lymphoid neoplasm with multifactorial causes, variable clinical symptoms, and, in some cases, rapid progression. This article describes a case of intestinal lymphoma in a dog that had a history of diarrhea lasting two months, accompanied by [...] Read more.
Intestinal lymphoma is characterized by a malignant lymphoid neoplasm with multifactorial causes, variable clinical symptoms, and, in some cases, rapid progression. This article describes a case of intestinal lymphoma in a dog that had a history of diarrhea lasting two months, accompanied by episodes of hematochezia, which was treated using the CHOP 19 protocol. A seven-year-old male Golden Retriever presented to a veterinary clinic with clinical signs of diarrhea, prostration, and the presence of bloody feces, as reported by the owner. Initial examinations, including hematology, serum biochemistry, and imaging, revealed an abnormal structure in the intestinal region. Considering the circumstances, a surgical procedure was conducted with the aid of a trans-surgical frozen section biopsy. This biopsy aimed to verify the presence of the neoplasm, assess the suspected diagnosis, evaluate the viability of the surgical margins, and determine the possibility of expanding the surgical area. An enterectomy with enteroanastomosis and trans-surgical biopsy was performed, leading to an initial diagnosis of intestinal lymphoma. The tissue fragment was sent for immunohistochemistry, which ultimately confirmed the diagnosis of intestinal T-cell lymphoma. The patient underwent the CHOP protocol for 19 weeks, but during the maintenance phase, abdominal ultrasound examination findings indicated tumor recurrence. Despite being informed of the potential benefits of further chemotherapy, the owner opted not to continue treatment for the animal. Frozen section biopsy can help with diagnosis during surgery, avoiding more invasive procedures and the removal of lymph nodes, since in some cases, the systemic treatment of the disease is recommended. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)
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8 pages, 2448 KiB  
Case Report
Successful Treatment of Renal Cell Carcinoma Associated with Hypertrophic Osteopathy in a Cat
by Takashi Tanaka, Midori Tanaka, Tomoyuki Tezuka, Kazumi Shimada and Ryo Tanaka
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(12), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120669 - 20 Dec 2024
Viewed by 751
Abstract
An eight-year-old spayed female Abyssinian cat presented with lameness. Palpation revealed swelling, heat, and a reduced range of motion in the stifle and tarsal joints in both hind limbs. A radiographic examination of both hind limbs revealed periosteal proliferation from the distal tibia [...] Read more.
An eight-year-old spayed female Abyssinian cat presented with lameness. Palpation revealed swelling, heat, and a reduced range of motion in the stifle and tarsal joints in both hind limbs. A radiographic examination of both hind limbs revealed periosteal proliferation from the distal tibia to the tarsal and metatarsal bones, which suggested hypertrophic osteopathy. Thorax and abdominal radiographic examinations were performed to identify the primary disease. Complete blood count and routine serum biochemistry tests revealed no abnormalities. No obvious anomalies were evident in the thoracic radiograph; however, a mass was observed near the left kidney on an abdominal radiograph. An abdominal ultrasound was performed, which revealed a hypoechoic renal mass located in the caudal pole of the left kidney. The left nephrectomy was performed after exploration of the abdominal cavity confirmed an abnormality in the left kidney. A histopathological examination revealed renal cell carcinoma. The cat was subsequently fed on a renal prescription diet but received no additional treatment. The periosteal lesion in the distal tibia regressed over time, but the lesions remained in the talus and metatarsal bones. At 1670 days following surgery, blood tests indicated that urea nitrogen and creatinine were above the normal range. In addition, urinalysis revealed an isosthenuria. However, the cat survived over 4500 days following surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)
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9 pages, 4544 KiB  
Case Report
Intestinal Osteosarcoma with Liver Metastasis in a Dog with a History of Recurrent Cotton-Based Toy Fragment Ingestion
by Andrada Negoescu, Claudiu Gal, Andrei Mihaila, Constantin Mihaila, Cornel Cătoi and Marian Taulescu
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(12), 632; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11120632 - 7 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1036
Abstract
Canine extraskeletal osteosarcomas are mesenchymal, osteoid producing tumors that can arise in soft tissues without initial involvement of the bones. An 8-year-old intact male Beagle dog presented with anorexia, abdominal pain, intermittent vomiting and melena. The patient had a history of recurrent ingestion [...] Read more.
Canine extraskeletal osteosarcomas are mesenchymal, osteoid producing tumors that can arise in soft tissues without initial involvement of the bones. An 8-year-old intact male Beagle dog presented with anorexia, abdominal pain, intermittent vomiting and melena. The patient had a history of recurrent ingestion of cotton based-toy fragments, but no prior surgical procedures involving the abdominal cavity. During the exploratory laparotomy, a mass was identified in the jejunal wall. Surgical resection was performed, and tissue samples were collected for pathological examination. Histologically, the mass was diagnosed as osteoblastic osteosarcoma with fragments of cotton fiber material. The neoplastic cells were immunolabeled for vimentin and BMP-2, further supporting the morphological diagnosis. Seven months after the surgery, metastatic nodules were identified in the liver. The dog died ten months after intestinal mass resection. This case represents the first documented instance of metastatic intestinal osteosarcoma potentially caused by ingestion of cotton fiber material. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)
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15 pages, 4166 KiB  
Case Report
The Clinical Application of Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI in Canine Masses of Mesenchymal and Epithelial Origin: A Preliminary Case Series
by Chang-Hyeon Cho, Jaehwan Kim and Kidong Eom
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(11), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11110539 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1415
Abstract
Evaluating masses of mesenchymal and epithelial origin accurately using computed tomography (CT) has several limitations in dogs. This study aimed to present dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters to aid in improving the diagnostic accuracy for masses of mesenchymal and epithelial origin [...] Read more.
Evaluating masses of mesenchymal and epithelial origin accurately using computed tomography (CT) has several limitations in dogs. This study aimed to present dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) parameters to aid in improving the diagnostic accuracy for masses of mesenchymal and epithelial origin in veterinary medicine. Four dogs diagnosed with benign and malignant soft tissue sarcoma (STS), cholesteatoma, or squamous cell carcinoma underwent CT, conventional MRI, and DCE-MRI. Ktrans is a quantitative DCE-MRI parameter representing vascular permeability and tissue perfusion and is related to the potential for malignancy. Hemangiopericytomas (Grade II, STS) showed a higher Ktrans than normal muscle tissue and myxosarcoma (Grade I, STS). Squamous cell carcinoma (a malignant epithelial tumor) also showed a higher Ktrans than normal muscle tissue and cholesteatoma (a mass originating from keratinized squamous epithelium). These results suggest that higher Ktrans values may indicate a greater likelihood that a lesion is more malignant. In conclusion, Ktrans might be useful as a biomarker for evaluating the malignancy of a mass and as an indicator of lesion characteristics in dogs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)
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8 pages, 27757 KiB  
Case Report
Pulmonary Adenocarcinoma with Cutaneous Metastasis in a Dog
by Anita Greyling, Louise van der Weyden, Antonia V. Lensink and Nicolize O’Dell
Vet. Sci. 2024, 11(7), 312; https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci11070312 - 11 Jul 2024
Viewed by 2063
Abstract
Primary lung cancer is rare in dogs and depending on the tumour stage and subtype, the prognosis can be poor. In this report, we describe a 10 year-old female intact Yorkshire terrier that presented progressive weight loss and chronic pain of unknown origin. [...] Read more.
Primary lung cancer is rare in dogs and depending on the tumour stage and subtype, the prognosis can be poor. In this report, we describe a 10 year-old female intact Yorkshire terrier that presented progressive weight loss and chronic pain of unknown origin. Due to the poor condition of the dog, it was subsequently euthanized. Post-mortem evaluation revealed a single large mass in the left caudal lung lobe, with numerous pale, proliferative lesions of various sizes dispersed throughout all the lobes. Additionally, a solitary skin mass was palpated on the mid-thoracic body wall. Histopathological examination of the lung samples revealed multiple distinct, non-encapsulated, expansive neoplastic epithelial cell proliferations with dense cellularity, exhibiting growth patterns, ranging from papillary to micropapillary to solid, accompanied by central areas of necrosis. In some areas, microvilli-like structures were observed on the luminal cytoplasmic margins of the neoplastic cells. The histopathology of the skin mass closely resembled that of the lung. Electron microscopy of the skin samples revealed regions containing cells resembling the respiratory epithelium, along with cells exhibiting processes or microvilli indicative of cilia. The diagnosis was pulmonary adenocarcinoma with cutaneous metastasis. This is the first report of a canine with primary lung cancer that metastasized to the skin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Focus on Tumours in Pet Animals)
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