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Hydrodynamics in Pressurized Pipe Systems
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Hydrodynamics in Pressurized Pipe Systems

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydraulics and Hydrodynamics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 November 2024) | Viewed by 3354

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Kamil Urbanowicz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechatronics, West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin, Piastów 19, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: water hammer; unsteady pipe flow; transient flow, cavitation; unsteady friction; retarded strain; numerical modelling; analytical solutions
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of hydrodynamics, the study of fluids in motion, presents a vast array of challenges, spanning scientific and engineering realms. Among these challenges, the task of understanding and predicting transient flow phenomena, especially in pipe systems, stands out.

Transient pipe flow poses unique challenges due to its dynamic nature, where the fluid flow conditions rapidly change in response to factors like valve operations, pump start-ups or shutdowns, and sudden changes in flow rate or pressure. Water hammer, a key concern in transient flow, can lead to pressure surges that can potentially damage the system, thus necessitating sophisticated modeling techniques and control strategies for mitigation.

Beyond the transient flow challenges, hydrodynamic research grapples with broader issues such as optimizing fluid transport efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and mitigating environmental impacts. Understanding turbulent flow behavior, for instance, is crucial across various industries, from aerospace engineering to oceanography.

Additionally, the interaction between fluid flow and solid structures remains a focal point of ongoing research. Moreover, hydrodynamic principles play a pivotal role in emerging sectors like renewable energy and advanced manufacturing. Whether enhancing tidal energy turbines or refining additive manufacturing processes, the field of hydrodynamics fuels both innovation and progress across diverse fields.

Addressing these multifaceted challenges demands interdisciplinary collaboration, drawing from expertise in fluid mechanics, computational modeling, materials science, and beyond. Through concerted efforts, researchers and engineers can chart new pathways for sustainable development, technological innovation, and a deeper understanding of the natural world.

We are pleased to present the opportunity to contribute to our Special Issue focusing on transient flow phenomena and hydrodynamics challenges. Submit your paper and be part of the transformative dialogue shaping the future of fluid dynamics research!

Dr. Kamil Urbanowicz
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hydrodynamics
  • hydraulics
  • pressurized water pipelines
  • transient flow
  • unsteady flow

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3130 KiB  
Article
Mathematical Approach for Directly Solving Air–Water Interfaces in Water Emptying Processes
by Dalia M. Bonilla-Correa, Oscar E. Coronado-Hernández, Alfonso Arrieta-Pastrana, Vicente S. Fuertes-Miquel, Modesto Pérez-Sánchez and Helena M. Ramos
Water 2024, 16(22), 3203; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16223203 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 508
Abstract
Emptying processes are operations frequently required in hydraulic installations by water utilities. These processes can result in drops to sub-atmospheric pressure pulses, which may lead to pipeline collapse depending on soil characteristics and the stiffness of a pipe class. One-dimensional mathematical models and [...] Read more.
Emptying processes are operations frequently required in hydraulic installations by water utilities. These processes can result in drops to sub-atmospheric pressure pulses, which may lead to pipeline collapse depending on soil characteristics and the stiffness of a pipe class. One-dimensional mathematical models and 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations have been employed to analyse the behaviour of the air–water interface during these events. The numerical resolution of these models is challenging, as 1D models necessitate solving a system of algebraic differential equations. At the same time, 3D CFD simulations can take months to complete depending on the characteristics of the pipeline. This presents a mathematical approach for directly solving air–water interactions in emptying processes involving entrapped air, providing a predictive tool for water utilities. The proposed mathematical approach enables water utilities to predict emptying operations in water pipelines without needing 2D/3D CFD simulations or the resolution of a differential algebraic equations system (1D model). A practical application is demonstrated in a case study of a 350 m long pipe with an internal diameter of 350 mm, investigating the influence of air pocket size, friction factor, polytropic coefficient, pipe diameter, resistance coefficient, and pipe slope. The mathematical approach is validated using an experimental facility that is 7.36 m long, comparing it with 1D mathematical models and 3D CFD simulations. The results confirm that the derived mathematical expression effectively predicts emptying operations in single water installations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamics in Pressurized Pipe Systems)
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19 pages, 11487 KiB  
Article
Real-Time Analysis and Digital Twin Modeling for CFD-Based Air Valve Control During Filling Procedures
by Duban A. Paternina-Verona, Oscar E. Coronado-Hernández, Modesto Pérez-Sánchez and Helena M. Ramos
Water 2024, 16(21), 3015; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16213015 - 22 Oct 2024
Viewed by 919
Abstract
Air exchange in pressurized water pipelines is an essential but complex aspect of pipeline modeling and operation. Implementing effective air management strategies can yield numerous benefits, enhancing the system’s energy efficiency, reliability, and safety. This paper comprehensively evaluates an irregular profile pipeline filling [...] Read more.
Air exchange in pressurized water pipelines is an essential but complex aspect of pipeline modeling and operation. Implementing effective air management strategies can yield numerous benefits, enhancing the system’s energy efficiency, reliability, and safety. This paper comprehensively evaluates an irregular profile pipeline filling procedure involving air-release through an air valve. The analysis includes real-time data tests and numerical simulations using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A Digital Twin model was proposed and applied to filling maneuvers in water installations. In particular, this research considers an often-overlooked aspect, such as filling a pipe with an irregular profile rather than a simple straight pipe. CFD simulations have proven to capture the main features of the transient event, which are suitable for tracking the air-water interface, the unsteady water flow, and the evolution of the trapped air pocket. Thus, they provide thorough and reliable information for real-time operational processes in the industry, focusing on the filling pressure and geometry of the air-valve hydraulic system. Additionally, this study provides details regarding the application of an efficient Digital Twin CFD approach, demonstrating its feasibility in optimizing the filling procedure in pipes with irregular profiles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamics in Pressurized Pipe Systems)
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13 pages, 9301 KiB  
Article
Simulation of Flow and Pressure Loss in the Example of the Elbow
by Emil Smyk, Michał Stopel and Mikołaj Szyca
Water 2024, 16(13), 1875; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16131875 - 29 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1313
Abstract
One of the most basic issues in fluid mechanics is the description of flow in closed flows; more precisely, the calculation of pressure drops and the description of the flow form. Therefore, in this paper, the numerical simulation of the flow through the [...] Read more.
One of the most basic issues in fluid mechanics is the description of flow in closed flows; more precisely, the calculation of pressure drops and the description of the flow form. Therefore, in this paper, the numerical simulation of the flow through the elbow was presented. This case was used to comprehensively describe the most important phenomena that should be taken into account during closed flows. The elbow was chosen as one of the most frequently used fittings in practice. The simulation was made with ANSYS Fluent, with the use of the turbulent model k-ω, SIMPLE simulation method, and at Reynolds number Re=500−100,000. The minor and major pressure loss were presented and discussed in the paper. The minor loss coefficient at the high Reynolds number was equal to around 0.2, which is close to the value of 0.22 used in engineering calculations. The influence of the Reynolds number on the shift of the stream separation point in the elbow was described. The secondary flow in the elbow was observed and the vortex structure was discussed and shown with the use of the Q-criterion (Q iso surface for level 0.005). This analysis allowed us to better visualize and describe the complex flow structure observed in the investigated case. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hydrodynamics in Pressurized Pipe Systems)
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