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The Nexus of Water–Food–Land–Energy: An Approach to Improve System Sustainability

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water-Energy Nexus".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (13 December 2023) | Viewed by 2831

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES, Groningen, The Netherlands), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
Interests: water footprint; energy; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
1.Department of Mechanical Engineering, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador
2.Integrated Research on Energy, Environment and Society (IREES), University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands
Interests: water footprint; energy; sustainability
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The nexus of water, food, land, and energy is an important topic. Water is becoming increasingly scarce, food requires natural resources such as water and land, and agriculture causes greenhouse gas emissions, while energy requires more and more freshwater, and freshwater needs more and more energy. The rising demand for food and energy, e.g., larger electricity demand, or the use of some types of renewable energy sources, might require more freshwater, for example, for the cooling of power plants or the irrigation of energy crops. Additionally, hydropower might have a relatively large water footprint per unit of electricity when hydropower stations are located in areas with large amounts of water evaporation.

This Special Issue is open to papers advancing the knowledge on water, food, land, and energy relationships or showing innovative applications. We welcome, for example, papers that analyze ways to improve efficient water use or decrease water pollution. Papers comparing water footprints of different types of energy are also most welcome. We also encourage papers on global energy scenarios and water, including the role of new energy sources or on trade-offs between water, land, and carbon footprints related to food and energy production.

Dr. Winnie Gerbens-Leenes
Dr. S.D. Vaca Jimenez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • water–food–land–energy nexus
  • water resources management
  • water footprint assessment
  • sustainable production
  • water, land, and carbon footprint trade-offs

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 5428 KiB  
Article
From Renewable Biomass to Water Purification Systems: Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch as Bio-Adsorbent for Domestic Wastewater Remediation and Methylene Blue Removal
by Cristina E. Almeida-Naranjo, Elvia Gallegos, Elizabeth Domínguez, Paola Gutiérrez, Vladimir Valle, Alex Darío Aguilar, Alexis Debut and Catalina Vasco
Water 2023, 15(23), 4116; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15234116 - 28 Nov 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2541
Abstract
Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers (OPEFBF), in three size ranges (small: 250–450 µm, medium: 450–600 µm, large: 600–800 µm), were investigated as a filter-bed material in biofilters for the removal of organic matter and nutrients. After saturation, these fibers (post) were used [...] Read more.
Oil palm empty fruit bunch fibers (OPEFBF), in three size ranges (small: 250–450 µm, medium: 450–600 µm, large: 600–800 µm), were investigated as a filter-bed material in biofilters for the removal of organic matter and nutrients. After saturation, these fibers (post) were used in the removal of methylene blue through batch processes. The batch adsorption tests included optimizing the adsorbent dosage (0.5–32.0 g/L) and contact time (2.5–60.0 min). Experimental data were fitted to various kinetic/isotherm models. Instrumental characterization of both raw and post fibers was conducted. Post fibers underwent morphological/compositional changes due to the presence of microorganisms and their byproducts. Efficiencies reached up to 94% for chemical oxygen demand (COD), 88.4% for total nitrogen and 77.2% for total phosphorus. In batch adsorption, methylene blue removal exceeded 90%, underscoring the effectiveness of small raw OPEFBF and large post OPEFBF. Kinetic models indicated that raw OPEFBF better fit the pseudo-first-order model, while post OPEFBF better fit the pseudo-second-order model. Both types of OPEFBF showed a good fit with the Freundlich model (higher R2, lower χ2 and SSE). Particularly, large post OPEFBF stood out as the most efficient adsorbent, achieving a maximum adsorption capacity of 12.02 mg/g for methylene blue. Therefore, raw/post OPEFBF could be an alternative to remove contaminants from wastewater. Full article
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