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Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources: Assessment and Modeling,...
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Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources: Assessment and Modeling, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Water and Climate Change".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 September 2025 | Viewed by 4796

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Leszek Sobkowiak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Hydrology and Water Management, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
Interests: stream flow; climate change; hydrology; rainfall thresholds; rainstorms; flood management
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Dariusz Wrzesiński

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Hydrology and Water Management, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
Interests: flow regime; flow seasonality; thermal conditions; water chemistry; ice phenomena; climate change; human activity; methods of detecting changes and classifying river regimes
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Water resources are a national source of wealth, and their availability is essential to sustain life and human activities. The amount and availability of water resources in the world varies spatially and temporally, with an increasing number of places facing severe water shortages.

It is predicted that climate change will significantly affect the spatio-temporal distribution of water resources, leading to the transformation of the water cycle in the catchment and changes in the structure of the water balance. An increase in deep low flows in rivers is expected, which may reduce surface water and groundwater resources. In lowland catchments, evapotranspiration will increase at the expense of water resources, causing a reduction. The acceleration of the hydrological cycle may lead to more and more frequent water-related extreme events, including droughts and floods, and the expected changes in water resource availability may lead to periodic deficits in the water supplied to the population, as well as shortages in agriculture and forestry, which may entail severe socio-economic losses.

Being aware of these threats and taking action to mitigate their future effects is necessary.

Current forecasts of water consumption trends resulting from socio-economic development and the climatic changes that overlap with them are subject to considerable uncertainty. Climate models (global circulation of the atmosphere) and demographic and economic development models do not yet allow for precise projections of changes in the hydrological cycle and water resource availability.

This Special Issue invites researchers to present their results of new findings from the assessment and modeling of hydrological processes and water resources under the conditions of climate change, regularities in their spatio-temporal variability in relation to water management, and the related threats.

Prof. Dr. Leszek Sobkowiak
Prof. Dr. Dariusz Wrzesiński
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • water resources
  • water use
  • surface water
  • ground water
  • variability
  • projections of change
  • water regime
  • seasonality
  • changes in lake water resources
  • modeling changes

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7435 KiB  
Article
Trends in Flow Intermittency, Variability, and Seasonality for Taiwan Rivers
by Hsin-Yu Chen, Xi Fang and Hsin-Fu Yeh
Water 2025, 17(2), 271; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17020271 - 18 Jan 2025
Viewed by 594
Abstract
In Taiwan, rivers have steep slopes and short lengths, making it difficult to retain water in the rivers. Therefore, understanding the flow characteristics is essential. This study analyzes data from 65 flow stations with over 30 years of records to characterize the annual [...] Read more.
In Taiwan, rivers have steep slopes and short lengths, making it difficult to retain water in the rivers. Therefore, understanding the flow characteristics is essential. This study analyzes data from 65 flow stations with over 30 years of records to characterize the annual mean number of low-flow days, flow variability, and the seasonality of low-flow occurrences. The analysis uses indices such as the intermittency ratio, Richards–Baker flashiness index, and six-month seasonality of the dry period (SD6) and evaluates trends in these indices using the Mann–Kendall test. The results show that nearly 70% of the stations have an intermittency ratio of less than 0.1, although the number of low-flow days has significantly increased over time. Stations in the southwestern watersheds exhibit higher flow variability; however, the trends in flow variability are not statistically significant. Low-flow events predominantly occur during the dry season, with 68% of the stations experiencing them between January and March. The findings on flow characteristics and their long-term trends provide references for river management and water resource planning in the future. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources: Assessment and Modeling, 2nd Edition)
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19 pages, 6232 KiB  
Article
Climate-Driven Changes in the Projected Annual and Seasonal Precipitation over the Northern Highlands of Pakistan
by Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Naveed Anjum, Muhammad Azam, Fiaz Hussain, Arslan Afzal, Beom Seok Kim, Seung Jin Maeng, Daye Kim and Waseem Iqbal
Water 2024, 16(23), 3461; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16233461 - 1 Dec 2024
Viewed by 912
Abstract
Precipitation plays a critical role in the hydrological cycle and significantly influences the biodiversity of the Earth’s ecosystems. It also regulates socioeconomic systems by impacting agricultural production and water resources. Analyzing climate-driven changes in precipitation patterns is essential for understanding the hydrological cycle’s [...] Read more.
Precipitation plays a critical role in the hydrological cycle and significantly influences the biodiversity of the Earth’s ecosystems. It also regulates socioeconomic systems by impacting agricultural production and water resources. Analyzing climate-driven changes in precipitation patterns is essential for understanding the hydrological cycle’s response to global warming. This study analyzed the projections of five general circulation models (GCMs) from the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) to evaluate variations in the seasonal and annual patterns of future precipitation over the northern highlands of Pakistan (NHP). The analysis focused on precipitation variations projected for the near future (2021–2050), in comparison to the historical climate (1985–2014), utilizing two combined scenarios from the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and the Representative Concentration Pathways (SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5). This study employed the multi-model ensemble (MME) approach, which demonstrated notable seasonal and annual variations in precipitation across the NHP. The average annual precipitation is expected to decrease in both scenarios, with SSP2-4.5 expecting a reduction of −21.42% and SSP5-8.5 expecting a decrease of −22.43%, compared to the historical average precipitation. In both scenarios, the seasonal precipitation patterns are similar. However, the changes are more noticeable in the spring and summer. Both SSPs predict a 15% decrease in summer precipitation, while SSP2-4.5 and SSP5-8.5 predict a 5% and 4% decrease in spring precipitation, respectively. These changes can result in more frequent and intense periods of drought, which might adversely impact agriculture, human health, the environment, hydropower generation, and the surrounding ecosystem. This study provides important insights into projected seasonal and annual precipitation changes over the NHP, which is particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change. Thus, it is crucial to understand these predicted changes in precipitation in order to develop strategies for adapting to the climate, assuring water security, and promoting sustainable agricultural practices in this area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources: Assessment and Modeling, 2nd Edition)
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29 pages, 6298 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Variability of Hydrological Drought Regimes in the Lowland Rivers of Kazakhstan
by Lyazzat Birimbayeva, Lyazzat Makhmudova, Sayat Alimkulov, Aisulu Tursunova, Ainur Mussina, Dimitris Tigkas, Zhansaya Beksultanova, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero and Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri
Water 2024, 16(16), 2316; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162316 - 17 Aug 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1619
Abstract
Hydrological droughts occur as a result of various hydrometeorological conditions, such as precipitation deficits, reduced snow cover, and high evapotranspiration. Droughts caused by precipitation deficits and occurring during warm seasons are usually longer in duration. This important observation raises the question that climate [...] Read more.
Hydrological droughts occur as a result of various hydrometeorological conditions, such as precipitation deficits, reduced snow cover, and high evapotranspiration. Droughts caused by precipitation deficits and occurring during warm seasons are usually longer in duration. This important observation raises the question that climate change associated with global warming may increase drought conditions. Consequently, it is important to understand changes in the processes leading to dry periods in order to predict potential changes in the future. This study is a scientific analysis of the impact of climate change on drought conditions in the Zhaiyk–Caspian, Tobyl–Torgai, Yesil, and Nura–Sarysu water management basins using the standardized precipitation index (SPI) and streamflow drought index (SDI). The analysis methods include the collection of hydrometeorological data for the entire observation period up to and including 2021 and the calculation of drought indices to assess their intensity and duration. The results of this study indicate an increase in the intensity and frequency of drought periods in the areas under consideration, which is associated with changes in climatic conditions. The identified trends have serious implications for agriculture, ecological balance, and water resources. The conclusions of this scientific study can be useful for the development of climate change adaptation strategies and the sustainable management of natural resources in the regions under consideration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources: Assessment and Modeling, 2nd Edition)
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18 pages, 3055 KiB  
Article
Projected Climate Change Impacts on the Number of Dry and Very Heavy Precipitation Days by Century’s End: A Case Study of Iran’s Metropolises
by Rasoul Afsari, Mohammad Nazari-Sharabian, Ali Hosseini and Moses Karakouzian
Water 2024, 16(16), 2226; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16162226 - 6 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1140
Abstract
This study explores the impacts of climate change on the number of dry days and very heavy precipitation days within Iran’s metropolises. Focusing on Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz, the research utilizes the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project [...] Read more.
This study explores the impacts of climate change on the number of dry days and very heavy precipitation days within Iran’s metropolises. Focusing on Tehran, Mashhad, Isfahan, Karaj, Shiraz, and Tabriz, the research utilizes the sixth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) Global Circulation Models (GCMs) to predict future precipitation conditions under various Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSPs) from 2025 to 2100. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how climate change will affect precipitation patterns in these major cities. Findings indicate that the SSP126 scenario typically results in the highest number of dry days, suggesting that under lower emission scenarios, precipitation events will become less frequent but more intense. Conversely, SSP585 generally leads to the lowest number of dry days. Higher emission scenarios (SSP370, SSP585) consistently show an increase in the number of very heavy precipitation days across all cities, indicating a trend towards more extreme weather events as emissions rise. These insights are crucial for urban planners, policymakers, and stakeholders in developing effective adaptation and mitigation strategies to address anticipated climatic changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Impacts of Climate Change on Water Resources: Assessment and Modeling, 2nd Edition)
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