Advance in Groundwater in Arid Areas

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2025 | Viewed by 1458

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang’an University, Xi’an China
Interests: arid zones; groundwater manegement; groundwater resources evaluation and potential analyses; ecohydrology of groundwater-dependent ecosystems; hydrogeological and hydrogeochemical model
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Surface water resources in arid and semi-arid regions are under high tension, resulting in an extremely high dependency on groundwater, which is not only a critical support for ecosystem maintenance but also a major source of water for agriculture, industry, and domestic use. With the intensification of global climate change and human activities, groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions are facing unprecedented pressure.

This special issue aims to gather the wisdom of global researchers through interdisciplinary research methods to analyze the current challenges faced by groundwater resources in arid and semi-arid regions, explore new opportunities adapting to climate change, and propose strategies for the sustainable use of groundwater resources. We hope this special issue can provide scientific basis and technical support for policymakers, water resource managers, and research workers, collectively promoting the ecological balance and socio-economic development of arid and semi-arid areas.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

Groundwater sustainability: Discussing how to achieve long-term sustainable use and management of groundwater resources under the background of global warming.

Groundwater-surface water interaction: Studying the interactions between groundwater and surface water and their impacts on water resource management.

Ecological groundwater requirements: Quantifying the needs of groundwater to maintain the health of ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions and developing corresponding protection measures.

Climate change impacts: Assessing the long-term impacts of climate change on groundwater recharge, water quality, and quantity.

Groundwater numerical modeling: Using numerical modeling tools to predict groundwater dynamics, providing decision support for groundwater management.

Policies and regulations: Analyzing existing groundwater resource management policies and regulations, proposing improvement plans to effectively protect and reasonably utilize groundwater resources.

Socio-economic adaptability: Studying the socio-economic adaptability of residents and communities in arid and semi-arid regions to groundwater scarcity, including strategies and coping measures.

Prof. Dr. Yudong Lu
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • arid and semi-arid regions
  • groundwater
  • groundwater-surface water interaction
  • groundwater numerical modeling
  • policies

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 5948 KiB  
Article
Spatiotemporal Variability of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation: A Case Study in Mimoso Alluvial Valley, Semiarid Region of Brazil
by Thayná A. B. Almeida, Abelardo A. A. Montenegro, João L. M. P. de Lima, Carolyne W. L. A. Farias, Ailton A. Carvalho and Anderson L. R. de Paiva
Water 2025, 17(3), 410; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17030410 - 1 Feb 2025
Viewed by 430
Abstract
Alluvial aquifers are vital for agricultural communities in semiarid regions, where groundwater quality is often constrained by seasonal and spatial salinity variations. This study employed geostatistical methods to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of electrical conductivity (EC) and the sodium adsorption ratio [...] Read more.
Alluvial aquifers are vital for agricultural communities in semiarid regions, where groundwater quality is often constrained by seasonal and spatial salinity variations. This study employed geostatistical methods to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of electrical conductivity (EC) and the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and elaborate an indicative quality map in the Mimoso Alluvial Aquifer, Pernambuco, Brazil. Groundwater samples were collected and analyzed for cations, total hardness (TH), and the percentage of sodium (PS). Moreover, the relation between EC and the SAR was used to determine the groundwater quality for irrigation. Cation concentrations followed the order Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+. EC and the SAR exhibited medium to high variability, with spatial dependence ranging from moderate to strong, and presented a strong cross-spatial dependence. Results showed that sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS) provided a more reliable groundwater classification for agricultural purposes compared to kriging methods, enabling a more rigorous evaluation. Based on the strong geostatistical cross correlation between EC and RAS, a novel water quality index was proposed, properly identifying regions with lower groundwater quality. The resulting spatial indicator maps classified groundwater as suitable (64.7%), restricted use (2.08%) and unsuitable (2.38%) for irrigation. The groundwater quality maps indicated that groundwater was mostly suitable for agriculture, except in silty areas, also corresponding to regions with low hydraulic conductivity at the saturated zone. Soil texture, rainfall, and water extraction significantly influenced spatial and temporal patterns of groundwater quality. Such correlations allow a better understanding of the groundwater quality in alluvial valleys, being highly relevant for water resources management in semiarid areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Groundwater in Arid Areas)
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20 pages, 3240 KiB  
Article
Modeling and Application of the Hydrus-2D Model for Simulating Preferential Flow in Loess Soil Under Various Scenarios
by Shengnan Li, Ting Lu, Kexin Zhou, Yidong Gu, Bihui Wang and Yudong Lu
Water 2024, 16(24), 3653; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16243653 - 18 Dec 2024
Viewed by 731
Abstract
Soil hydraulic properties are mainly governed by the soil’s heterogeneity, anisotropy, and discontinuous structural characteristics, primarily when connected soil macropores characterize the structures. Therefore, researchers must document reliable hydrological models to elucidate how the soil medium affects the movement of soil water. This [...] Read more.
Soil hydraulic properties are mainly governed by the soil’s heterogeneity, anisotropy, and discontinuous structural characteristics, primarily when connected soil macropores characterize the structures. Therefore, researchers must document reliable hydrological models to elucidate how the soil medium affects the movement of soil water. This study, utilizing a field-scale staining tracer test, distinguishes between matrix flow and preferential flow areas in the seepage field of Xi’an loess. The Xi’an loess’s soil water characteristic curve (SWCC) was explored through field investigations and laboratory analyses. A dual-permeability model that couples matrix and macropore flow was developed using the Hydrus-2D model, enabling simulations of water migration under varying initial soil water content, rainfall intensity, and crack width. The results showed that (1) The SWCC of macropores in the preferential flow area exhibits a bimodal distribution, and the Fredlund & Xing model is applied for sectional fitting to obtain the corresponding soil water characteristic parameters. (2) Initial soil water content and rainfall intensity significantly influence water distribution, while crack width has a relatively minor effect. (3) The cumulative flux under the preferential flow is significantly higher than in the matrix area, and the wetting front depth increases with higher initial water content and rainfall intensity. This study reveals the key characteristics of preferential flow and moisture migration in the matrix zone and their influencing factors in loess. It constructs a two-domain infiltration model by integrating loess’s diverse structural characteristics and pore morphology. This model provides a theoretical basis and technical support for simulating preferential flow and studying the moisture dynamics of loess profiles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advance in Groundwater in Arid Areas)
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