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Water
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Innovative Membrane Processes for Drinking and Wastewater Treatment
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Innovative Membrane Processes for Drinking and Wastewater Treatment

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 April 2024) | Viewed by 16796

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Svetlozar Velizarov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), Faculty of Science and Technology, New University of Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
Interests: clean (mainly membrane-assisted) (bio)chemical processes and technologies; electromembrane processes; water treatment; sustainable salinity gradient-based (“blue”) energy generation and/or storage
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Le Han

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
Interests: membrane processes; water treatment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Membrane processes have become preferred choices in a number of important water treatment applications. Integration of membrane separations with other unit operations offers possibilities for achieving various goals. Exploring possible synergisms, benefiting from distinct process mechanisms often leads to the development of novel, more efficient, and sustainable technologies to be applied in a variety of domains, ranging from production of clean water for potable uses, agriculture and irrigation to purification and/or recovery of valuable compounds from agro-food wastewater as well as various industrial aqueous effluents.

Therefore, this Special Issue of the journal Water seeks contributions to assess the current state-of-the-art and encourage future developments in the field of innovative membrane-assisted processes and technologies in the Water domain. Topics include but are not limited to emerging water treatment technologies, innovative process design, modeling and validation, life cycle assessment and techno-economic analysis. Both original papers and reviews are welcome.

Dr. Svetlozar Velizarov
Prof. Dr. Le Han
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Water is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Membrane processes
  • Wastewater treatment
  • Treatment to drinking
  • Innovative process design

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 1867 KiB  
Article
Effect of Antiscalant Usage and Air Diffuser Perforation Diameter on Filtration Performance of Submerged Flat Sheet MBR for Treatment of High Salinity and Scaling Propensity Wastewater
by İlker Parlar, Yakubu A. Jarma, Taylan O. Pek, Nalan Kabay, Mehmet Kitis, Nevzat O. Yigit and Mithat Yuksel
Water 2023, 15(6), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15061191 - 19 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2251
Abstract
Membrane fouling and mineral scaling remain major drawbacks for MBR technology. Membrane fouling reduces the filtration ability in MBR systems by increasing transmembrane pressure (TMP) and thus increases the operational cost. This study focused on the application of commercially available antiscalant in a [...] Read more.
Membrane fouling and mineral scaling remain major drawbacks for MBR technology. Membrane fouling reduces the filtration ability in MBR systems by increasing transmembrane pressure (TMP) and thus increases the operational cost. This study focused on the application of commercially available antiscalant in a pilot MBR system and the effect of diffuser perforation diameter for the treatment of high mineral scaling propensity wastewater. Submerged flat sheet membranes (Kubota, nominal pore size: 0.4 µm) were used in the pilot-scale test unit operated in the wastewater treatment plant of ITOB Organized Industrial Zone, Izmir, Turkey. The commercially available antiscalants employed were coded AS-1 and AS-2 for antiscalant study. Long term effect of the two antiscalants employed was investigated under high mixed liquor suspended solid (MLSS) concentration (17–21 g/L) for two months of MBR operation. The effect of low MLSS concentration (10–13 g/L) was also studied without changing the concentration of antiscalant type and concentration. AS-1 was found to be more effective in terms of mineral scale control. The effect of diffuser perforation diameter (1, 3 and 5 mm) on mineral scaling minimization in MBR pilot system was also studied. The best performance with respect to membrane fouling control was found with an air diffuser having 3 mm of diffuser perforated diameter. Some quality analyses of the product water were also carried out to assess the effect of antiscalant addition on microbial activities in the MBR unit. The findings in this study reveal that the use of antiscalants has not affected biological treatment performance of MBR pilot system. The removal ranges obtained during all MBR studies were 98.47–99.9%, 84.62–99.4%, 89.5–98.5%, 86.90–99.9%, 67.01–99.2%, 75.03–93.9%, and 20.36–71.5% for total suspended solid (TSS), color, chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH4-N, PO4-P, NO2-N, and total nitrogen (TN) respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Membrane Processes for Drinking and Wastewater Treatment)
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12 pages, 3746 KiB  
Article
Desalinating Real Shale Gas Wastewater by Membrane Distillation: Performance and Potentials
by Yuting Wang, Haoquan Zhang, Ruixue Zhao, Die Wang, Lu Zhou and Le Han
Water 2023, 15(3), 439; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030439 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2237
Abstract
Shale gas wastewater is a hypersaline industrial effluent in demand of efficient treatment or resource recovery. Membrane distillation (MD) is a heat-driven desalination process of high potential to deal with such streams. However, its application is highly limited by the unsatisfactory hydrophobic membranes [...] Read more.
Shale gas wastewater is a hypersaline industrial effluent in demand of efficient treatment or resource recovery. Membrane distillation (MD) is a heat-driven desalination process of high potential to deal with such streams. However, its application is highly limited by the unsatisfactory hydrophobic membranes that involve a trade-off between vapor permeability and fouling/wetting resistance. Our previous studies highlighted the potential role of an intermediate coating layer of a carbon nanotube (CNT) for the superhydrophobic membrane with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS) grafted to address the trade-off issue against synthetic saline oily wastewater. The work herein investigated its application performance in the continuous concentration and water recovery of real shale gas wastewater, with a commercial PVDF membrane as the reference. The modified membrane recycled 48.2% of the total volume as high-quality water and rejected 99% of feed salinity, achieving a superior concentration rate and flux recovery rate compared to PVDF. The value of the COD, total nitrogen, and ammonia nitrogen in the permeate after the modified membrane was less than 50, 20, and 20 mg/L, meeting the local wastewater discharge standard. It was pointed out that the inorganic fouling for the MD membrane was more of a concern in dealing with a real stream, but the modified membrane exhibited excellent fouling resistance. The cost associated with the treatment was estimated at USD 2.2/m3 for a production capacity of 2000 m3/d. The proposed superhydrophobic membrane has proven to be a feasible alternative from both technical and economic standpoints, offering the potential to improve MD effluent water quality and mitigate membrane fouling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Membrane Processes for Drinking and Wastewater Treatment)
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18 pages, 3101 KiB  
Article
Evaluation by Means of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of the Transport of Phosphate Ions through a Heterogeneous Anion-Exchange Membrane at Different pH and Electrolyte Concentration
by Eduardo Henrique Rotta, Manuel César Martí-Calatayud, Valentín Pérez-Herranz and Andréa Moura Bernardes
Water 2023, 15(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15010009 - 21 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2066
Abstract
Electrodialysis is an innovative technique to reclaim phosphates from municipal wastewater. However, chemical reactions accompany the transport of these ions through ion-exchange membranes. The present study investigates the dependence of these phenomena on the initial pH and concentration of the phosphate-containing solution using [...] Read more.
Electrodialysis is an innovative technique to reclaim phosphates from municipal wastewater. However, chemical reactions accompany the transport of these ions through ion-exchange membranes. The present study investigates the dependence of these phenomena on the initial pH and concentration of the phosphate-containing solution using a heterogeneous anion-exchange membrane. Linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and chronopotentiometry experiments were conducted for different phosphate-containing systems. For the most diluted solution, two limiting current densities (ilim) have been observed for pH 5 and 7.2, while only one ilim for pH 10, and correlated with the appearance of Gerischer arcs in EIS spectra. For pH 7.2, sub-arcs of Gerischer impedance were separated by a loop, indicating the involvement of the membrane functional groups. Increasing the phosphate concentration changed the system’s characteristics, reporting a single ilim. In the EIS spectra, the absence of Gerischer elements determined the attenuation of chemical reactions, followed by the development of a diffusion boundary layer, as indicated by the finite-length Warburg arcs. Chronopotentiometry clarified the mass transport mechanism responsible for distorting the diffusion boundary layer thickness at lower concentrations. The obtained results are expected to contribute to the phosphates recovery using electrodialysis in the most varied conditions of pH and concentration available in the environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Membrane Processes for Drinking and Wastewater Treatment)
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Review

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23 pages, 2704 KiB  
Review
Development and Application of Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor (MABR)—A Review
by Xiaolin Li, Dongguan Bao, Yaozhong Zhang, Weiqing Xu, Chi Zhang, Heyun Yang, Qiujin Ru, Yi-fan Wang, Hao Ma, Ershuai Zhu, Lianxin Dong, Li Li, Xiaoliang Li, Xiaopeng Qiu, Jiayu Tian and Xing Zheng
Water 2023, 15(3), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/w15030436 - 22 Jan 2023
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 9428
Abstract
As a new type of biological treatment process, membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs), which have received extensive attention and research in recent years, could reduce energy consumption by 70% compared to the traditional activated sludge process. The MABR system uses bubble-free aeration membrane [...] Read more.
As a new type of biological treatment process, membrane aerated biofilm reactors (MABRs), which have received extensive attention and research in recent years, could reduce energy consumption by 70% compared to the traditional activated sludge process. The MABR system uses bubble-free aeration membrane material as the carrier, the counter-diffusion mechanism of oxygen and pollutants enables ammonium oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and nitrate oxidizing bacteria (NOB) to adhere to the membrane surface so that simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) can occur to achieve simultaneous nitrogen and carbon removal. Currently, MABR technology has been successfully applied to the treatment of municipal sewage, various industrial wastewater, pharmaceutical, high salinity, high ammonia, aquaculture wastewater, landfill leachate and black and odorous water bodies in rivers. Many laboratory experiments and pilot-scale MABR reactors have been used to study the performance of membrane materials, the mechanism of pollutant removal and the effects of different factors on the system. However, the performance of MABR is affected by factors such as dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, C/N, biofilm thickness, hydraulic retention time (HRT), temperature, etc., which limits large-scale promotion. Therefore, membrane materials, membrane modules, biofilm, application of MABR technology, influencing factors of MABR system performance, and limitations and perspectives of MABR are reviewed in this paper, and we expect to provide valuable information. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Membrane Processes for Drinking and Wastewater Treatment)
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