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Desalination and Wastewater Treatment: Chemical, Physical, and Biological Methods
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Desalination and Wastewater Treatment: Chemical, Physical, and Biological Methods

A special issue of Water (ISSN 2073-4441). This special issue belongs to the section "Wastewater Treatment and Reuse".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2019) | Viewed by 14698

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Md Abu Hasan Johir

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & IT, University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Sydney, NSW, Australia
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; stormwater harvesting; resource recovery; material synthesis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleague,

Water scarcity is becoming a significant problem throughout the world due to rapid population growth and the increase of industrial and commercial activities. To mitigate water demand, it is necessary to create and find alternative sources of fresh water. In this regards, the use of desalination and the reuse of wastewater is gaining much attention worldwide. Different chemical, physical and biological methods are being used to produce fresh water from seawater and wastewater. Fundamental and applied research on process improvement and the optimisation of desalination and wastewater treatment technology has gained much attention among researchers who seek to assess the feasibility of these processes to aplly them in an industrial setting. Thus, this Special Issue aims to cover the recent development and advancement of different chemical, physical, and biological methods used for desalination and wastewater treatment.

Dr. Md Abu Hasan Johir
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Desalination
  • Physical and chemical process
  • Membrane bioreactor
  • Energy and resource recovery
  • Bioenergy production
  • Process optimization.

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 3241 KiB  
Article
Batch Study of Cadmium Biosorption by Carbon Dioxide Enriched Aphanothece sp. Dried Biomass
by Awalina Satya, Ardiyan Harimawan, Gadis Sri Haryani, Md. Abu Hasan Johir, Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran, Huu Hao Ngo and Tjandra Setiadi
Water 2020, 12(1), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12010264 - 17 Jan 2020
Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5450
Abstract
The conventional method for cadmium removal in aqueous solutions (1–100 mg/L) is ineffective and inefficient. Therefore, a batch biosorption reactor using a local freshwater microalga (originating from an urban lake, namely, Situ Rawa Kalong-Depok) as dried biosorbent was tested. Biosorbent made from three [...] Read more.
The conventional method for cadmium removal in aqueous solutions (1–100 mg/L) is ineffective and inefficient. Therefore, a batch biosorption reactor using a local freshwater microalga (originating from an urban lake, namely, Situ Rawa Kalong-Depok) as dried biosorbent was tested. Biosorbent made from three kinds of cyanobacterium Aphanothece sp. cultivars (A0, A8, and A15) were used to eliminate cadmium (Cd2+) ions in aqueous solution (1–7 mg/L). The biosorbents were harvested from a photobioreactor system enriched with carbon dioxide gas of 0.04% (atmospheric), 8%, and 15% under continuous light illumination of about 5700–6000 lux for 14 d of cultivation. Produced dried biosorbents had Brunauer–Emmet–Teller (BET) surface area ranges of 0.571–1.846 m2/g. Biosorption of Cd2+ was pH and concentration dependent. Sorption was spontaneous (ΔG = −8.39 to −10.88 kJ/mol), exothermic (ΔH = −41.85 to −49.16 kJ/mol), and decreased randomness (ΔS = −0.102 to −0.126 kJ/mol. K) on the interface between solid and liquid phases when the process was completed. The kinetic sorption data fitted best to the pseudo-second-order model (k2 = 2.79 × 10−2, 3.96 × 10−2, and 4.54 × 10−2 g/mg.min). The dried biosorbents of A0, A8, and A15, after modeling with the Langmuir and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models, indicated that cadmium binding occurred through chemisorption (qmax, D-R = 9.74 × 10−4, 4.79 × 10−3, and 9.12 × 10−3 mol/g and mean free energy of 8.45, 11.18, and 11.18 kJ/mol) on the monolayer and homogenous surface (qmax, Langmuir of 12.24, 36.90, and 60.24 mg/g). In addition, the results of SEM, EDX, and FTIR showed that there were at least nine functional groups that interacted with Cd2+ (led to bond formation) after biosorption through cation exchange mechanisms, and morphologically the surfaces changed after biosorption. Biosorbent A15 indicated the best resilient features over three cycles of sorption–desorption using 1 M HCl as the desorbing eluent. These biosorbents can be a potent and eco-friendly material for treating aqueous wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Desalination and Wastewater Treatment: Chemical, Physical, and Biological Methods)
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14 pages, 4254 KiB  
Article
Treatment of Trichloroethylene with Photocatalyst-Coated Optical Fiber
by Ching-Jung Chen, Chih-Chao Wu, Lien-Te Hsieh and Kuan-Chung Chen
Water 2019, 11(11), 2391; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11112391 - 14 Nov 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3355
Abstract
In this present study, we investigated the effect of photocatalyzation on the degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the aqueous phase by a photocatalyst-coated plastic optical fiber (POF). Two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with low light intensity were used as the light source and TiO [...] Read more.
In this present study, we investigated the effect of photocatalyzation on the degradation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in the aqueous phase by a photocatalyst-coated plastic optical fiber (POF). Two light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with low light intensity were used as the light source and TiO2 and ZnO were used as photocatalysts, which were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). The para-chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA) was used as the hydroxyl radical probe for kinetic study and for the calculation of hydroxyl radical conversion rate (ROH,UV ). Experimental results show that POF coated with TiO2 exhibited higher degradation efficiency of TCE in basic solution, but POF coated with ZnO performed better in acidic solution. The increase of coating times resulted in the decrease in degradation efficiency of TCE due to increased thickness of the photocatalyst layer. The enhancement of light intensity contributed to the improvement of photocatalytic treatment efficiency. The ROH,UV for TiO2 and ZnO coated POF increased from 2 × 103 to 8 × 103 M s cm2 mJ−1 and from 8 × 102 to 2 × 103 M s cm2 mJ−1, respectively, as the pH increased from 4 to 10. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Desalination and Wastewater Treatment: Chemical, Physical, and Biological Methods)
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15 pages, 3697 KiB  
Article
Zwitterion-Modified Ultrafiltration Membranes for Permian Basin Produced Water Pretreatment
by Mirjalal Babayev, Hongbo Du, Venkata S. V. Botlaguduru and Raghava R. Kommalapati
Water 2019, 11(8), 1710; https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081710 - 17 Aug 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 5054
Abstract
Unconventional oil and gas extraction generates large quantities of produced water (PW). Due to strict environmental regulations, it is important to recover and reuse PW. In this study, commercial polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were surface-modified with zwitterionic polymer 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine ( [...] Read more.
Unconventional oil and gas extraction generates large quantities of produced water (PW). Due to strict environmental regulations, it is important to recover and reuse PW. In this study, commercial polyethersulfone (PES) ultrafiltration (UF) membranes were surface-modified with zwitterionic polymer 3-(3,4-Dihydroxyphenyl)-l-alanine (l-DOPA) solution to alleviate membrane fouling during the ultrafiltration of shale oil PW of the Permian Basin. UF membranes were coated in l-DOPA solution by using a dip coating technique. Membrane characterization tests confirmed successful l-DOPA coating on UF membranes. While performing the experiments, permeate flux behaviors of the uncoated and coated membranes and antifouling resistance of the zwitterionic coating were evaluated. Among the coated UF membranes with varying coating times from one day to three days, the three-day coated UF membrane showed a good flux performance and the highest fouling resistance. The flux reduced by 38.4% for the uncoated membrane, while the reduction was 16% for the three-day coated membrane after the 5 h ultrafiltration of PW. Both improvements of the flux performance and recovery ratio are attributed to a negatively-charged surface developed on the membranes after the zwitterionic coating. The UF pretreatment also improved the flux behavior of the later forward osmosis (FO) process for PW treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Desalination and Wastewater Treatment: Chemical, Physical, and Biological Methods)
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