Batteries, Supercapacitors, Fuel Cells and Combined Energy/Power Supply Systems, 2nd Edition

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the world faces the daunting combination of surging energy demands, rising greenhouse gas emissions, and tightening energy resources, renewable power is expanding in many parts of the world to fulfil the ever-increasing power demands of newly emerging applications. However, the utilization of energy in the form of electricity generated from renewable resources to satisfy a strong rebound in global electricity demand can only be addressed by a step-change in energy storage. This signifies that energy storage is more important now than at any time in history, and the continuously developing demands of contemporary applications necessitate the design of adaptable energy storage/conversion and power supply systems that offer wide ranges of energy and power densities. Since no single energy storage technology can address this wide range of energy/power requirements simultaneously, a variety of storage technologies and systems consisting of their combinations can be developed. In this regard, batteries, electrochemical capacitors (ECs), and fuel cells, which are recognized as three kinds of the most important electrochemical energy storage/conversion devices, will play a vital role in unlocking renewable energy for our future energy demands. However, the inherent intermittency of supply from renewable energy resources can only be addressed if there is a step-change in the energy storage/conversion capability of these devices, to ensure the security and continuity of energy supply from a more distributed and intermittent supply base. From this perspective, this Topic seeks to contribute to an agenda encompassing all aspects of energy storage/conversion in batteries, electrochemical capacitors (ECs), and fuel cells and their combinations through enhanced scientific and multi-disciplinary works, aiming to improve the knowledge and performance of energy storage/conversion systems and their combinations for a wide range of energy and power supplies.

We are particularly interested in articles and reviews that explore all features of batteries, electrochemical capacitors (ECs), and fuel cells, their energy storage/conversion mechanisms, electric components, and also processes and implementations, in which the currently existing challenges associated with their electrode and electrolyte materials, structural design and optimization, application of novel materials, current trends and future developments, including both electrochemical as well as electrical engineering aspects, and the fabrication of their components and the production of the device are addressed. Moreover, their performance analysis, operational management, and integration, in order to improve the overall performance of energy /power supply systems, with their associated advancements and challenges, are also of special interest.

Topics of interest for publication include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Technologies, processes, and materials.
• Synthesis, characterization, and properties of electrode materials.
• Novel and benign electrolytes for batteries and electrochemical capacitors and the type of electrolytes used in fuel cells.
• Understanding of the underlying mechanisms of energy storage/conversion.
• Structural design and optimization, and the application of novel materials.
• Experimental techniques for testing, characterization, monitoring, and diagnosis.
• Modeling and experimental validation of the device.
• Reliability and safety.
• Sizing and optimization algorithms.
• Performance analysis and operational management of the device under different conditions.
• Technoeconomic analysis and market analyses.

Their integration with other storage technologies to improve the overall performance of energy systems.

Prof. Dr. Haifeng Dai
Prof. Dr. Dongdong Zhao
Prof. Dr. Grzegorz Sierpiński
Dr. Bo Jiang
Topic Editors

Keywords

Participating Journals

Journal Name	Impact Factor	CiteScore	Launched Year	First Decision (median)	APC
Applied Sciences applsci	2.5	5.3	2011	17.8 Days	CHF 2400	Submit
Batteries batteries	4.6	4.0	2015	22 Days	CHF 2700	Submit
Energies energies	3.0	6.2	2008	17.5 Days	CHF 2600	Submit
Nanomaterials nanomaterials	4.4	8.5	2010	13.8 Days	CHF 2900	Submit
World Electric Vehicle Journal wevj	2.6	4.5	2007	15.7 Days	CHF 1400	Submit
Micromachines micromachines	3.0	5.2	2010	17.7 Days	CHF 2600	Submit

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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All Applied Sciences Batteries Energies Nanomaterials WEVJ Micromachines

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16 pages, 4010 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Potential Evaluation of Twin-Screw Air Expanders with Dual-Lead Rotors Used in PEMFC Systems

by Mingkun Liu, Chuang Wang, Yaoxiang Han and Ziwen Xing

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 9983; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219983 - 31 Oct 2024

Viewed by 450

Abstract

The reduction in the power cost of air supply systems has emerged as a critical challenge in the development of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. This study proposes the use of dual-lead rotors to improve the performance of twin-screw expanders for the purpose [...] Read more.

The reduction in the power cost of air supply systems has emerged as a critical challenge in the development of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. This study proposes the use of dual-lead rotors to improve the performance of twin-screw expanders for the purpose of boosting expanders’ recovery power and consequently lowering the power cost of the air supply subsystem, which is hardly investigated in previous publications. For this purpose, a mathematical model is built to assess the potential of improving the expander performance by means of the dual-lead rotors. And the influence of lead and length of the high-pressure rotor segment and overall rotor length are analyzed. The results demonstrate that the smaller lead and larger length of the high-pressure rotor segment result in better geometric characteristics and thus thermodynamic performance. For example, case #4 with dual-lead rotors exhibits a larger rotating angle at the suction end and a larger suction area than those of constant-lead rotors by 43° and 100%, respectively, which further lower the suction pressure loss. Compared with constant-lead rotors, the maximum increments in the mass flowrate and indicated power are observed as 45% and 25.4%, respectively. However, the dual-lead rotors could not effectively contribute to an increase in the isentropic indicated efficiency of twin-screw expanders due to the severe leakage, and hence, it becomes crucial to address the leakage issues in twin-screw expanders. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Batteries, Supercapacitors, Fuel Cells and Combined Energy/Power Supply Systems, 2nd Edition)

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21 pages, 4813 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Parameter Identification Method of a Double-Layer Supercapacitor by Using a Real Voltage Source

by Joaquín F. Pedrayes, Enrique E. Zaldivar, María F. Quintana, Gonzalo A. Orcajo, Manés F. Cabanas and Juan C. Viera

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(21), 9939; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14219939 - 30 Oct 2024

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Abstract

This article presents a new method for obtaining the electrical parameters of a supercapacitor (SC) modeled as a constant resistor in series with a capacitance that linearly varies with its internal voltage. This model provides sufficiently accurate results when the SC is subjected [...] Read more.

This article presents a new method for obtaining the electrical parameters of a supercapacitor (SC) modeled as a constant resistor in series with a capacitance that linearly varies with its internal voltage. This model provides sufficiently accurate results when the SC is subjected to rapid, short-term charging and discharging. In other methods described in the literature, the parameters are obtained by charging or discharging the SC with a constant current source of high value. In this study, the electrical parameters are calculated by charging or discharging the cell with a real constant voltage source (RVS) or by discharging the SC through a known and constant resistance. The calculation procedure requires the measurement of the cell voltage as a function of time. Two alternative estimation methods have been employed: the three-point method (3PM) and the least squares method (LSM). A series of experimental tests were conducted on cells from various manufacturers, with capacitances ranging from 150 F to 600 F. The laboratory measurements were then compared with the results obtained from theoretical models incorporating the parameters obtained for the variable capacity model. The results demonstrated that this straightforward procedure is capable of accurately characterizing the main branch of any SC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Batteries, Supercapacitors, Fuel Cells and Combined Energy/Power Supply Systems, 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 2445 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Electronically Conductive Polymer Enhanced Solid-State Polymer Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries

by Md Gulam Smdani, Md Wahidul Hasan, Amir Abdul Razzaq and Weibing Xing

Energies 2024, 17(17), 4295; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17174295 - 28 Aug 2024

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Abstract

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have gained enormous interest due to their potential high energy density, high performance, and inherent safety characteristics for advanced energy storage systems. Although solid-state ceramic (inorganic) electrolytes (SSCEs) have high ionic conductivity and high electrochemical stability, they experience some [...] Read more.

All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) have gained enormous interest due to their potential high energy density, high performance, and inherent safety characteristics for advanced energy storage systems. Although solid-state ceramic (inorganic) electrolytes (SSCEs) have high ionic conductivity and high electrochemical stability, they experience some significant drawbacks, such as poor electrolyte/electrode interfacial properties and poor mechanical characteristics (brittle, fragile), which can hinder their adoption for commercialization. Typically, SSCE-based ASSLBs require high cell stack pressures exerted by heavy fixtures for regular operation, which can reduce the energy density of the overall battery packages. Polymer–SSCE composite electrolytes can provide inherently good interfacial contacts with the electrodes that do not require high cell stack pressures. In this study, we explore the feasibility of incorporating an electronically and ionically conducting polymer, polypyrrole (PPy), into a polymer backbone, polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP), to improve the ionic conductivity of the resultant polymer–SSCE composite electrolyte (SSPE). The electronically conductive polymer-incorporated composite electrolyte showed superior room temperature ionic conductivity and electrochemical performance compared to the baseline sample (without PPy). The PPy-incorporated polymer electrolyte demonstrated a high resilience to high temperature operation compared with the liquid-electrolyte counterpart. This performance advantage can potentially be employed in ASSLBs that operate at high temperatures. In our recent development efforts, SSPEs with optimal formulations showed room temperature ionic conductivity of 2.5 × 10⁻⁴ S/cm. The data also showed, consistently, that incorporating PPy into the polymer backbone helped boost the ionic conductivity with various SSPE formulations, consistent with the current study. Electrochemical performance of ASSLBs with the optimized SSPEs will be presented in a separate publication. The current exploratory study has shown the feasibility and benefits of the novel approach as a promising method for the research and development of next-generation solid composite electrolyte-based ASSLBs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Batteries, Supercapacitors, Fuel Cells and Combined Energy/Power Supply Systems, 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 3070 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

One-Step Synthesis of Heterostructured Mo@MoO₂ Nanosheets for High-Performance Supercapacitors with Long Cycling Life and High Rate Capability

by Ao Cheng, Yan Shen, Tao Cui, Zhe Liu, Yu Lin, Runze Zhan, Shuai Tang, Yu Zhang, Huanjun Chen and Shaozhi Deng

Nanomaterials 2024, 14(17), 1404; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14171404 - 28 Aug 2024

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Abstract

Supercapacitors have gained increased attention in recent years due to their significant role in energy storage devices; their impact largely depends on the electrode material. The diversity of energy storage mechanisms means that various electrode materials can provide unique benefits for specific applications, [...] Read more.

Supercapacitors have gained increased attention in recent years due to their significant role in energy storage devices; their impact largely depends on the electrode material. The diversity of energy storage mechanisms means that various electrode materials can provide unique benefits for specific applications, highlighting the growing trend towards nanocomposite electrodes. Typically, these nanocomposite electrodes combine pseudocapacitive materials with carbon-based materials to form heterogeneous structural composites, often requiring complex multi-step preparation processes. This study introduces a straightforward approach to fabricate a non-carbon-based Mo@MoO₂ nanosheet composite electrode using a one-step thermal evaporating vapor deposition (TEVD) method. This novel electrode features Mo at the core and MoO₂ as the shell and demonstrates exceptional electrochemical performance. Specifically, at a current density of 1 A g⁻¹, it achieves a storage capacity of 205.1 F g⁻¹, maintaining virtually unchanged capacity after 10,000 charge–discharge cycles at 2 A g⁻¹. The outstanding long-cycle stability is ascribed to the vertical two-dimensional geometry, the superior conductivity, and pseudocapacitance of the Mo@MoO₂ core-shell nanosheets. These attributes significantly improve the electrode’s charge storage capacity, charge transfer speed, and structural integrity during the cycling process. The development of the one-step grown Mo@MoO₂ nanosheets offers a promising way for the advancement of high-performance, non-carbon-based supercapacitor nanocomposite electrodes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Batteries, Supercapacitors, Fuel Cells and Combined Energy/Power Supply Systems, 2nd Edition)

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22 pages, 20153 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

Investigating the Role of Flow Plate Surface Roughness in Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cells with the Use of Multiphysics Simulations

by Odysseas Gkionis-Konstantatos, Luciana Tavares and Thomas Ebel

Batteries 2024, 10(8), 276; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10080276 - 30 Jul 2024

Viewed by 1514

Abstract

This study investigates the influence of surface roughness on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) through computational simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics. Two distinct gas flow channel (GFC) models of serpentine and parallel GFC structures were analysed, featuring various surface roughness [...] Read more.

This study investigates the influence of surface roughness on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) through computational simulations using COMSOL Multiphysics. Two distinct gas flow channel (GFC) models of serpentine and parallel GFC structures were analysed, featuring various surface roughness levels to examine their impact on gas pressure and velocity dynamics. Rough surfaces are modeled using trigonometric functions to replicate machining-induced variations. Finite element simulations were conducted, assessing the time-dependent relationship between gas pressure and velocity while considering different electrode phase potentials as a function of surface roughness. Rough surfaces generally enhance mass transport, water management, and current distribution compared to smooth surfaces. The results indicated that a surface roughness of approximately 1 µm optimizes PEMFC performance by balancing pressure and velocity, enhancing electrochemical reactions, and reducing excessive pressure drops within the cell. Notably, the 0.7 V operating voltage was found to be the most efficient, achieving rapid stabilization of pressure and velocity levels swiftly. The findings underscore the importance of precise control over GFC roughness to enhance PEMFC performance gains in commercial applications, especially when multiple cells are stacked to achieve high power outputs. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Batteries, Supercapacitors, Fuel Cells and Combined Energy/Power Supply Systems, 2nd Edition)

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16 pages, 5627 KiB  

Open AccessArticle

A Method of Adaptive Power Allocation for Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systems Taking into Account Stack Performance

by Dapeng Jin, Fengxu Han, Ai Guo and Lizhi Jiao

Energies 2024, 17(15), 3744; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17153744 - 29 Jul 2024

Viewed by 740

Abstract

In order to enhance the efficiency, extend the service life, and minimize hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell hybrid power system (FCHPS), an adaptive power allocation method considering stack operation performance is proposed. The method utilizes the minimum instantaneous optimization of equivalent hydrogen [...] Read more.

In order to enhance the efficiency, extend the service life, and minimize hydrogen consumption of the fuel cell hybrid power system (FCHPS), an adaptive power allocation method considering stack operation performance is proposed. The method utilizes the minimum instantaneous optimization of equivalent hydrogen consumption to achieve power distribution between fuel cells and lithium batteries. Additionally, a power adaptive allocation method is proposed to address performance inconsistencies in PEMFC systems, effectively reducing operating pressure for improved service life and overall system efficiency. This approach ensures stable and efficient operation of high-power vehicle fuel cell hybrid power systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Batteries, Supercapacitors, Fuel Cells and Combined Energy/Power Supply Systems, 2nd Edition)

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