Medicina

7 pages, 2231 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Turner Syndrome Mosaicism after Diagnosis of Coeliac Disease—A High Index of Clinical Suspicion Required?

by F. Ritchie, K. Macgill, D. Cairney, S. Kiff, H. Miles and P. M. Gillett

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1693; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091693 - 21 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1503

The association of coeliac disease (CD) in girls with Turner syndrome (TS) is well described. There is, however, a paucity of current research describing TS in patients with known CD. We report two cases of mosaic Turner syndrome diagnosed in girls with CD [...] Read more.

The association of coeliac disease (CD) in girls with Turner syndrome (TS) is well described. There is, however, a paucity of current research describing TS in patients with known CD. We report two cases of mosaic Turner syndrome diagnosed in girls with CD who failed to achieve expected catch-up growth despite strict adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) and the normalisation of TGA-IgA levels. We highlight the need to consider additional diagnoses in patients with CD and ongoing faltering growth. In such patients, referral to a paediatric endocrinologist and relevant investigations, including genetic investigations, should be considered if growth remains suboptimal after one year with a GFD. First-line investigations should include thyroid function, IGF-1, cortisol, gonadotrophins, oestrogen/testosterone, prolactin, karyotype and a bone age X-ray. Clinical suspicion in this situation is key, as an early diagnosis of TS will allow timely treatment with growth hormone, inform discussion around ovarian function and allow screening for important TS associations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Celiac Disease: Understanding the Gluten-Free Diet)

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25 pages, 1721 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Atrophy and Inflammatory Changes in Salivary Glands Induced by Oxidative Stress after Exposure to Drugs and Other Chemical Substances: A Systematic Review

by Loredana Beatrice Ungureanu, Irina Grădinaru, Cristina Mihaela Ghiciuc, Cornelia Amălinei, Gabriela Luminița Gelețu, Cristina Gabriela Petrovici and Raluca Ștefania Stănescu

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1692; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091692 - 21 Sep 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2971

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Oxidative stress is involved in the alterations at the level of salivary glands, being the cause of oral pathologies like xerostomia, periodontitis, gingivitis, leucoplakia, and cancer. It is known that antioxidants can reverse changes induced by drugs or other chemicals [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Oxidative stress is involved in the alterations at the level of salivary glands, being the cause of oral pathologies like xerostomia, periodontitis, gingivitis, leucoplakia, and cancer. It is known that antioxidants can reverse changes induced by drugs or other chemicals in some organs, but the question is whether these substances can reduce or revert the effects of oxidative stress at the salivary gland level. Our aim was to find histopathological data at the level of salivary glands supporting the hypothesis of the reversal of oxidative stress-induced changes after the treatment with substances with antioxidant effect. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Science Direct, and Springer databases, including research articles on oxidative stress histological aspects and oxidative stress biomarkers induced by drugs or other chemicals on salivary glands. Results: Out of 1756 articles, 25 articles were selected with data on tissue homogenate used for biochemical analysis of oxidative and antioxidative markers, along with routine hematoxylin eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical analysis used for histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis. Drugs (antineoplastic drugs, antibiotics, and analgesics), alcohol, heavy metals, and fluoride can cause oxidative stress, resulting in morphological changes in different tissues, including in salivary glands. There are many antioxidants but only a few were evaluated regarding the effects on salivary glands in animal studies, such as hesperidin and selenium, which can reverse the damage induced by cyclophosphamide; 10-dehydrogingerdione (10-DHGD), a compound extracted from ginger, which has a protective effect against the oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by tramadol; and glycyrrhizic acid, which may repair the injuries incurred after the administration of sodium nitrite. Conclusions: Substances such as hesperidin, selenium, 10-dehydrogingerdione, and glycyrrhizic acid are antioxidants with proven restorative effects on salivary glands for the damage induced by oxidative stress after exposure to drugs and other chemical substances; however, demonstrating their similar effects in human salivary glands is challenging. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Environmental, Metabolic and Drug-Induced Stress Pathology – Diagnosis, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Modern Therapeutic Approaches)

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9 pages, 3674 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Lateral Peri-Implantitis: Successful Management via Guided Bone Regeneration at Mandibular First Molar Implant

by Won-Bae Park, Michael Villa, Ji-Young Han, Hyun-Chang Lim and Philip Kang

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1691; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091691 - 21 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1437

Abstract

Infections occurring around implants are divided into marginal peri-implantitis and retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI). Marginal peri-implantitis starts in the crestal bone and progresses to the apical portion, and RPI starts in the apical bone and progresses to the coronal portion. However, lateral peri-implantitis (LPI) [...] Read more.

Infections occurring around implants are divided into marginal peri-implantitis and retrograde peri-implantitis (RPI). Marginal peri-implantitis starts in the crestal bone and progresses to the apical portion, and RPI starts in the apical bone and progresses to the coronal portion. However, lateral peri-implantitis (LPI) occurring on the side of the implant body has not yet been reported, and the cause is unclear. This 63-year-old male patient is a case of unusual bone resorption that occurred in the lateral portion of the implant body 26 months after lateral bone augmentation. The origin of LPI was an infection at the site of laterally augmented bone. Rather than implant removal, this report demonstrates an alternative treatment option of guided bone regeneration after the enucleation and detoxification of the implant surface with successful clinical and radiographic results for 2 years. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Guided Bone Regeneration in Oral Surgery)

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11 pages, 726 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Conjugated Linoleic Acid Supplementation on Densitometric Parameters in Overweight and Obese Women—A Randomised Controlled Trial

by Małgorzata Jamka, Agata Czochralska-Duszyńska, Edyta Mądry, Aleksandra Lisowska, Katarzyna Jończyk-Potoczna, Judyta Cielecka-Piontek, Paweł Bogdański and Jarosław Walkowiak

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1690; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091690 - 21 Sep 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1491

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can improve bone health in animals, yet the effects on humans have not been consistent. Therefore, this parallel randomised controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of CLA supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) and [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) can improve bone health in animals, yet the effects on humans have not been consistent. Therefore, this parallel randomised controlled trial aimed to assess the effect of CLA supplementation on bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) in overweight or obese women. Materials and Methods: The study population included 74 women who were divided into the CLA (n = 37) and control (n = 37) groups. The CLA group received six capsules per day containing approximately 3 g of cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA isomers in a 50:50 ratio. The control group received the same number of placebo capsules that contained sunflower oil. BMC and BMD at total body, lumbar spine (L1–L4), and femoral neck were measured before and after a three-month intervention. Results: The comparison of BMC and BMD for the total body, lumbar spine (L1–L4), and femoral neck before and after the intervention showed no differences between the groups. However, a within-group analysis demonstrated a significant increase in BMC (p = 0.0100) and BMD (p = 0.0397) at lumbar spine (L1–L4) in the CLA group. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences between the CLA and placebo groups in changes in all analysed densitometric parameters. Conclusions: Altogether, three-month CLA supplementation in overweight and obese women did not improve bone health, although the short intervention period could have limited our findings, long-term intervention studies are needed. The study protocol was registered in the German Clinical Trials Register database (ID: DRKS00010462, date of registration: 4 May 2016). Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology & Public Health)

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5 pages, 5659 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Cardiovascular Collapse after the Induction of Anesthesia Due to the MASS Effect of Unruptured Giant Bullae

by Junghyun Park, Dulee Kim, Jae-Hoo Park, Ji-Yun Lee and Eun-Jung Cho

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1689; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091689 - 20 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1451

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Giant bullae rupture easily and cause tension pneumothorax, which can cause problems during general anesthesia. However, the hemodynamic instability that can occur due to the mass effect of an unruptured giant bulla should not be overlooked. Case report: [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Giant bullae rupture easily and cause tension pneumothorax, which can cause problems during general anesthesia. However, the hemodynamic instability that can occur due to the mass effect of an unruptured giant bulla should not be overlooked. Case report: A 43-year-old male patient visited the emergency room with an abdominal wound. There was a giant emphysematous bulla in the left lung. Emergency surgery was decided upon because there was active bleeding according to abdominal CT. After tracheal intubation, the patient’s blood pressure and pulse rate dramatically decreased. His blood pressure did not recover despite the use of vasopressors and discontinuation of positive pressure ventilation applied to the lungs. Thus, a bullectomy was immediately performed. The patient’s blood pressure and pulse rate were normalized after the bullectomy. Conclusions: If emergency surgery under general anesthesia is required in a patient with a giant emphysematous bulla, it is safe to minimize positive pressure ventilation and remove the giant emphysematous bulla as soon as possible before proceeding with the remainder of the surgery. Tension pneumothorax due to the rupturing of a bulla should be considered first. However, hemodynamic changes might occur due to the mass effect caused by a giant bulla. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Intensive Care/ Anesthesiology)

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9 pages, 2241 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Therapeutic Effects of Treating COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Anti-TIF1-γ-Positive Dermatomyositis

by Chih-Feng Wu, Wan-Ting Chen, Yen-Lin Chen and Feng-Cheng Liu

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1688; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091688 - 20 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1631

Abstract

An increase in skin-related autoimmune disorders has been reported as an adverse effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. We present the case of a 90-year-old Taiwanese female who was newly diagnosed with anti-transcription intermediary factor 1-gamma (anti-TIF1-γ)-positive dermatomyositis (DM) after receiving a [...] Read more.

An increase in skin-related autoimmune disorders has been reported as an adverse effect of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. We present the case of a 90-year-old Taiwanese female who was newly diagnosed with anti-transcription intermediary factor 1-gamma (anti-TIF1-γ)-positive dermatomyositis (DM) after receiving a second dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Under treatment with prednisolone and monoclonal antibody therapy of abatacept, her skin lesions improved, and her muscle power increased. The serum creatinine phosphokinase level decreased from 4858 to 220 U/L, and the anti-TIF1-γ antibody titer decreased from 202 to 99. Flow cytometry data showed an increase in T cells, while NK cells, B cells (CD19), and plasma blasts all decreased. These findings suggest that standard DM treatment might be beneficial to patients with COVID-19 vaccine-induced DM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Hematology and Immunology)

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19 pages, 2924 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Moderate-Intensity Physical Exercise on Some Serum Inflammation Markers and the Immune System in Rats Fed Intermittent Fasting with a High-Fat Diet

by Nizamettin Günbatar, Bahattin Bulduk, Selver Bezgin, Gökhan Oto, Fahri Bayıroğlu and Mehmet Bulduk

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1687; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091687 - 20 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2226

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of moderate-intensity physical exercise on serum inflammation markers and the immune system in rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with intermittent fasting. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of moderate-intensity physical exercise on serum inflammation markers and the immune system in rats that were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) with intermittent fasting. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 Wistar albino male rats were included in the study and divided into eight groups, each consisting of six rats. Group 1 served as the control group (CG), receiving a standard diet. Group 2 followed the standard nutrition program with intermittent fasting (CG + IF). Group 3 underwent exercise with a standard diet (CG + E). Group 4 underwent both a standard diet with intermittent fasting and exercise (CG + IF + E). Group 5 was fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Group 6 received a high-fat diet with intermittent fasting (HFD + IF). Group 7 followed a high-fat diet with exercise (HFD + E). Group 8 underwent both a high-fat diet with intermittent fasting and exercise (HFD + IF + E). The study lasted for 8 weeks. Results: The results of the analysis show that lymphocyte cell levels in groups HFD + IF, HFD + IF, and HFD + IF + E were higher compared to groups CG-HFD (p < 0.05). Additionally, B lymphocyte and monocyte cell levels were higher in group HFD + IF + E compared to groups CG, CG + IF, and CG + IF + E, as well as CG, CG + IF, and CG + E, respectively. TNF-α levels were significantly higher in group HFD compared to the other groups. Furthermore, IL 10 levels were higher in group HFD + IF + E compared to the other groups. Conclusions: These findings indicate that moderate exercise and intermittent fasting, particularly in groups fed a high-fat diet, increased anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, and certain immune system cell counts, while decreasing pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Effect of Exercise on Health-Related Quality of Life in Persons with Musculoskeletal Pain)

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12 pages, 4585 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Exploring the Dynamic Role of Bacterial Etiology in Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

by Mădălin Guliciuc, Daniel Porav-Hodade, Raul Mihailov, Laura-Florentina Rebegea, Septimiu Toader Voidazan, Veronica Maria Ghirca, Adrian Cornel Maier, Monica Marinescu and Dorel Firescu

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1686; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091686 - 20 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1631

Abstract

Background and Objectives. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the epidemiological characteristics of urinary tract infections (UTI) and sepsis. However, there is still a lack of relevant bacteriological features and prognostic information regarding urosepsis based on bacteriological etiology. The current study [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the epidemiological characteristics of urinary tract infections (UTI) and sepsis. However, there is still a lack of relevant bacteriological features and prognostic information regarding urosepsis based on bacteriological etiology. The current study aims to evaluate the bacterial etiology of complicated UTI (cUTI) and bacterial resistance to antibiotics and whether they present an intrinsic risk of developing urosepsis. Materials and Methods. A retrospective study was performed that included 102 patients who were diagnosed with cUTI and admitted to the urology department of the “Sfântul Apostol Andrei” County Emergency Clinical Hospital (GCH) from September 2019 to May 2022. Results. A considerable number of patients, n = 41 (40.2%), were diagnosed with multi drug-resistant (MDR) infection. Escherichia coli (E. coli) was identified as the prevailing pathogen, accounting for 51 patients. Klebsiella manifested itself as the subsequent causative agent in 27 instances. The presence of Enterococcus spp. infection was documented in 13 patients, whereas Pseudomonas emerged as the etiological perpetrator in the clinical context of 8 patients. The current study found a substantial prevalence of resistance to first-line antibiotics. The overall resistance rate was 74.5% for penicillin, 58.82% for trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole and 49% for fluoroquinolones; cephalosporin resistance displayed an inverse correlation with antibiotic generation with fourth-generation cephalosporins exhibiting a resistance rate of 24.5%, and first-generation cephalosporins demonstrating a resistance rate of 35.29%. Conclusions. Age, comorbidities and indwelling urinary catheters are risk factors for developing MDR infections. While the intrinsic characteristics of the causative bacterial agent in cUTI may not be a risk factor for developing urosepsis, they can contribute to increased mortality risk. For empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with cUTI who are at a high risk of developing urosepsis and experiencing a potentially unfavorable clinical course, broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy is recommended. This may include antibiotics, such as amikacin, tigecycline, carbapenems and piperacillin–tazobactam. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection)

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17 pages, 1795 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Age Differences in Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing Parameters in Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction

by Pedro Garcia Brás, António Valentim Gonçalves, João Ferreira Reis, Rita Ilhão Moreira, Tiago Pereira-da-Silva, Pedro Rio, Ana Teresa Timóteo, Sofia Silva, Rui M. Soares and Rui Cruz Ferreira

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1685; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091685 - 20 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1451

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a cornerstone of risk stratification in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, there is a paucity of evidence on its predictive power in older patients. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) is a cornerstone of risk stratification in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). However, there is a paucity of evidence on its predictive power in older patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic power of current heart transplantation (HTx) listing criteria in HFrEF stratified according to age groups. Materials and Methods: Consecutive patients with HFrEF undergoing CPET between 2009 and 2018 were followed-up for cardiac death and urgent HTx. Results: CPET was performed in 458 patients with HFrEF. The composite endpoint occurred in 16.8% of patients ≤50 years vs. 14.1% of patients ≥50 years in a 36-month follow-up. Peak VO₂ (pVO₂), VE/VCO₂ slope and percentage of predicted pVO₂ were strong independent predictors of outcomes. The International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation thresholds of pVO₂ ≤ 12 mL/kg/min (≤14 if intolerant to β-blockers), VE/VCO₂ slope > 35 and percentage of predicted pVO₂ ≤ 50% presented a higher overall diagnostic effectiveness in younger patients (≤50 years). Specific thresholds for each age subgroup outperformed the traditional cut-offs. Conclusions: Personalized age-specific thresholds may contribute to an accurate risk stratification in HFrEF. Further studies are needed to address the gap in evidence between younger and older patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cardiology)

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11 pages, 2358 KiB

Open AccessReview

Meigs Syndrome and Elevated CA-125: Case Report and Literature Review of an Unusual Presentation Mimicking Ovarian Cancer

by Irene Iavarone, Michela Padovano, Francesca Pasanisi, Luigi Della Corte, Elvira La Mantia and Carlo Ronsini

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1684; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091684 - 19 Sep 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3019

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Meigs syndrome is represented by a benign adnexal tumor, ascites, and hydrothorax. Even though the ovarian mass is often characterized by a fibroma-like origin, cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) serum levels could be elevated as in the development of ovarian cancer. [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Meigs syndrome is represented by a benign adnexal tumor, ascites, and hydrothorax. Even though the ovarian mass is often characterized by a fibroma-like origin, cancer antigen-125 (CA-125) serum levels could be elevated as in the development of ovarian cancer. Here, we present the case of a patient with Meigs syndrome and increased CA-125. Materials and Methods: We performed systematic research for articles including similar cases in PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus in February 2023, adopting the string of idioms: “Meigs syndrome AND Cancer antigen 125”, and following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Results: Eligible records were 25. Hydrothorax was right-sided in 10 cases over 25; left-sided in two patients over 25. Concerning ascites, two patients showed more than 6 L of ascitic fluid, whereas three patients had 6 L or less. CA-125 elevation ranged from 149 IU/mL to 3803 IU/mL. Adnexal mass histotypes were: struma ovarii (12 cases), thecomas (two cases), fibrothecomas (five cases), fibromas (five cases), and one sclerosing stromal tumor (SST). Conclusions: In postmenopausal women with elevated CA-125 serum levels and an adnexal mass suspicious for malignancy at ultrasound (US), ascites and pleural effusion, surgery, and histopathological examination are necessary. MS is a diagnostic option, with an excellent prognosis after exeresis of the mass. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Constant Updated in the Tailored Treatment of Gynecological Diseases)

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20 pages, 8277 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Temporal Changes in Functional and Structural Neuronal Activities in Auditory System in Non-Severe Blast-Induced Tinnitus

by Ningning Shao, Maciej Skotak, Navya Pendyala, Jose Rodriguez, Arun Reddy Ravula, Kevin Pang, Venkatesan Perumal, Kakulavarapu V. Rama Rao and Namas Chandra

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1683; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091683 - 18 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1910

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Epidemiological data indicate that blast exposure is the most common morbidity responsible for mild TBI among Service Members (SMs) during recent military operations. Blast-induced tinnitus is a comorbidity frequently reported by veterans, and despite its wide prevalence, it is [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Epidemiological data indicate that blast exposure is the most common morbidity responsible for mild TBI among Service Members (SMs) during recent military operations. Blast-induced tinnitus is a comorbidity frequently reported by veterans, and despite its wide prevalence, it is also one of the least understood. Tinnitus arising from blast exposure is usually associated with direct structural damage that results in a conductive and sensorineural impairment in the auditory system. Tinnitus is also believed to be initiated by abnormal neuronal activities and temporal changes in neuroplasticity. Clinically, it is observed that tinnitus is frequently accompanied by sleep disruption as well as increased anxiety. In this study, we elucidated some of the mechanistic aspects of sensorineural injury caused by exposure to both shock waves and impulsive noise. The isolated conductive auditory damage hypothesis was minimized by employing an animal model wherein both ears were protected. Materials and Methods: After the exposure, the animals’ hearing circuitry status was evaluated via acoustic startle response (ASR) to distinguish between hearing loss and tinnitus. We also compared the blast-induced tinnitus against the well-established sodium salicylate-induced tinnitus model as the positive control. The state of the sensorineural auditory system was evaluated by auditory brainstem response (ABR), and this test helped examine the neuronal circuits between the cochlea and inferior colliculus. We then further evaluated the role of the excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitter receptors and neuronal synapses in the auditory cortex (AC) injury after blast exposure. Results: We observed sustained elevated ABR thresholds in animals exposed to blast shock waves, while only transient ABR threshold shifts were observed in the impulsive noise group solely at the acute time point. These changes were in concert with the increased expression of ribbon synapses, which is suggestive of neuroinflammation and cellular energy metabolic disorder. It was also found that the onset of tinnitus was accompanied by anxiety, depression-like symptoms, and altered sleep patterns. By comparing the effects of shock wave exposure and impulsive noise exposure, we unveiled that the shock wave exerted more significant effects on tinnitus induction and sensorineural impairments when compared to impulsive noise. Conclusions: In this study, we systematically studied the auditory system structural and functional changes after blast injury, providing more significant insights into the pathophysiology of blast-induced tinnitus. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Endocrinology)

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14 pages, 5211 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Prognostic and Therapeutic Role of Histone Acetylation Modification in LIHC Development and Progression

by Ji Gao, Sheng Han, Jian Gu, Chen Wu and Xiaoxin Mu

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1682; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091682 - 18 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1811

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The modification of histone acetylation plays a vital role in regulating tumor occurrence and development, but the interaction between histone acetylation modulator genes and the liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) microenvironment, as well as immunotherapy, has not been investigated. Materials and [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The modification of histone acetylation plays a vital role in regulating tumor occurrence and development, but the interaction between histone acetylation modulator genes and the liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) microenvironment, as well as immunotherapy, has not been investigated. Materials and Methods: Analysis of all statistical data was carried out using R software (Version 4.2.0) and the online tool Sangerbox. Comprehensive bioinformatics analysis, including signature construction and validation, functional analyses, immune and genomic features analyses, and immunotherapy prediction analyses, were performed to explore the prognostic and therapeutic role of histone acetylation modulator genes in LIHC development and progression. Results: The LIHC cohort from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was selected as the training cohort; the GSE76427 cohort from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database and the LIRI-JP cohort from the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) database were selected as the validation cohorts. The histone acetylation modulator gene-based prognostic signature was constructed and validated successfully. Immune infiltration analysis showed that most immune cells and immune functions were enriched in patients with high histone acetylation risk scores (HARS). Additionally, high levels of checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) were also observed in high HARS patients. Meanwhile, TIDE algorithm analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between HARS and immunotherapy response, and submap algorithm analysis was used for the verification of the results, from which we found that high HAPS patients were more likely to respond to immunotherapy. Conclusions: Our findings revealed that the histone acetylation modulator genes, particularly for KAT21, SIRT6, and HAT1, may have the potential to function as a new prognostic marker and therapeutic target for LIHC. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Oncology)

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13 pages, 2266 KiB

Open AccessReview

The Use of Questionnaires in Pain Assessment during Orthodontic Treatments: A Narrative Review

by Marina Consuelo Vitale, Chiara Falzinella, Maria Francesca Sfondrini, Patrizia Defabianis and Andrea Scribante

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1681; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091681 - 18 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2052

Abstract

Pain is a complex multidimensional feeling combined with sensorial and emotional features. The majority of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment report various degrees of pain, which is perceived as widely variable between individuals, even when the stimulus is the same. Orthodontic pain is considered [...] Read more.

Pain is a complex multidimensional feeling combined with sensorial and emotional features. The majority of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment report various degrees of pain, which is perceived as widely variable between individuals, even when the stimulus is the same. Orthodontic pain is considered the main cause of poor-quality outcomes, patients’ dissatisfaction, and lack of collaboration up to the interruption of therapy. A deep understanding of pain and how it influences a patient’s daily life is fundamental to establishing proper therapeutic procedures and obtaining the correct collaboration. Because of its multifaced and subjective nature, pain is a difficult dimension to measure. The use of questionnaires and their relative rating scales is actually considered the gold standard for pain assessment. Choosing the most appropriate instrument for recording self-reported pain depends on a patient’s age and cognitive abilities. Although several such scales have been proposed, and a lot of them are applied, it remains uncertain which of these tools represents the standard and performs the most precise, universal, and predictable task. This review aims to give an overview of the aspects which describe pain, specifically the pain experienced during orthodontic treatment, the main tool to assess self-perceived pain in a better and more efficient way, the different indications for each of them, and their correlated advantages or disadvantages. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Psychophysiology: Stress, Pain, and Behavior in Dental Care)

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11 pages, 617 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Analysis of the Association between Retinal Artery Occlusion and Acute Ischaemic Stroke/ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Risk Factors in Hungarian Patients

by Szabolcs Balla, Attila Vajas, Orsolya Pásztor, Anikó Rentka, Balázs Lukucz, Márta Kasza, Attila Nagy, Mariann Fodor and Valéria Nagy

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1680; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091680 - 18 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1640

Abstract

Background and Objectives: We aimed to analyse data on retinal artery occlusion (RAO) patients to explore correlations with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and cardio/cerebrovascular comorbidities. Patients and Methods: Our retrospective cohort study included 169 RAO and 169 [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: We aimed to analyse data on retinal artery occlusion (RAO) patients to explore correlations with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS), ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), and cardio/cerebrovascular comorbidities. Patients and Methods: Our retrospective cohort study included 169 RAO and 169 age- and gender-matched control patients. We examined the association of AIS, STEMI, and related comorbidities such as hypertension (HT), type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1DM and T2DM, respectively), hyperlipidaemia, and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) with RAO. We also recorded atrial fibrillation in our RAO patients. Results: Our results demonstrated that RAO patients developed both AIS and STEMI at a significantly higher rate compared to controls (p < 0.001 for both). We also found that RAO patients had a significantly higher prevalence of HT and hyperlipidaemia (p1 = 0.005, p2 < 0.001) compared to controls. Multiple risk factors together significantly increased the odds of developing AIS and STEMI. Conclusions: Our results suggest that through identifying and treating the risk factors for RAO patients, we can reduce the risk of AIS, STEMI, and RAO of the fellow eye. Considering that ophthalmologists are often the first detectors of these cardiovascularly burdened patients, collaboration with colleagues from internal medicine, cardiology, and neurology is essential to achieve secondary prevention. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Public Health and Healthcare in the Context of Big Data)

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11 pages, 1274 KiB

Open AccessReview

Advancements in Standardizing Radiological Reports: A Comprehensive Review

by Filippo Pesapane, Priyan Tantrige, Paolo De Marco, Serena Carriero, Fabio Zugni, Luca Nicosia, Anna Carla Bozzini, Anna Rotili, Antuono Latronico, Francesca Abbate, Daniela Origgi, Sonia Santicchia, Giuseppe Petralia, Gianpaolo Carrafiello and Enrico Cassano

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1679; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091679 - 17 Sep 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2681

Abstract

Standardized radiological reports stimulate debate in the medical imaging field. This review paper explores the advantages and challenges of standardized reporting. Standardized reporting can offer improved clarity and efficiency of communication among radiologists and the multidisciplinary team. However, challenges include limited flexibility, initially [...] Read more.

Standardized radiological reports stimulate debate in the medical imaging field. This review paper explores the advantages and challenges of standardized reporting. Standardized reporting can offer improved clarity and efficiency of communication among radiologists and the multidisciplinary team. However, challenges include limited flexibility, initially increased time and effort, and potential user experience issues. The efforts toward standardization are examined, encompassing the establishment of reporting templates, use of common imaging lexicons, and integration of clinical decision support tools. Recent technological advancements, including multimedia-enhanced reporting and AI-driven solutions, are discussed for their potential to improve the standardization process. Organizations such as the ACR, ESUR, RSNA, and ESR have developed standardized reporting systems, templates, and platforms to promote uniformity and collaboration. However, challenges remain in terms of workflow adjustments, language and format variability, and the need for validation. The review concludes by presenting a set of ten essential rules for creating standardized radiology reports, emphasizing clarity, consistency, and adherence to structured formats. Full article

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16 pages, 3303 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Reconstruction of Moderately and Severely Atrophic Scalp—A Multicentric Experience in Surgical Treatment of Patients Irradiated for Tinea Capitis in Childhood and Surgical Algorithm

by Maja Nikolić Živanović, Milana Jurišić, Milana Marinković, Danica Grujičić, Aleksandar Stanimirović, Vuk Šćepanović, Mihailo Milićević, Nikola Jovićević, Goran Videnović, Vedrana Pavlović, Sanda Bogunović Stojičić, Milan Jovanović, Jelena Jeremić, Marko Jović, Rosanda Ilić and Milan Stojičić

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1678; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091678 - 17 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2214

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Before the introduction of griseofluvin, the use of X-ray radiation was the treatment of choice for tinea capitis. More than half a century later various types of tumors have been found to be associated with childhood irradiation due to [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Before the introduction of griseofluvin, the use of X-ray radiation was the treatment of choice for tinea capitis. More than half a century later various types of tumors have been found to be associated with childhood irradiation due to tinea capitis, most commonly cancers of the head and neck, as well as brain tumors. The often unusually aggressive and recurrent nature of these tumors necessitates the need for repeated surgeries, while the atrophic skin with an impaired vascular supply due to radiation often poses an additional challenge for defect reconstruction. We present our experience in the surgical treatment of such patients. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study. In this study, 37 patients treated for acquired defects of the scalp with a history of irradiation therapy due to tinea capitis in childhood were included in this study, 24 male and 13 female patients. The mean age at the first appointment was 60.6 ± 7.8, with the youngest included patient being 46 and the oldest being 75 years old. Patients’ characteristics, surgical treatment, and complications were analyzed and a reconstructive algorithm was developed. Results: Local flaps were used for reconstruction in 34 patients, direct sutures were used in 10 patients and 20 patients received split-thickness skin grafts for coverage of both primary and secondary defects for reconstruction of flap donor sites. One regional flap and one dermal substitute covered by an autologous skin graft were also used for reconstruction. Complications occurred in 43.2% of patients and were significantly associated with the presence of comorbidities (p = 0.001), aseptic bone necrosis (p = 0.001), as well as skin atrophy in frontal, occipital, and parietal region (p = 0.001, p = 0.042 and p = 0.001, respectively). A significant correlation between major complications and moderate skin atrophy was found only in the parietal region (p = 0.026). Conclusions: Unfortunately, many protocols developed for scalp reconstruction are not applicable in the setting of severe or diffuse scalp skin atrophy associated with high tumor recurrence rate and radiation-induced vascular impairment, such as in tinea capitis patients in Serbia. An algorithm has been developed based on the authors’ experience in managing these patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Surgery)

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12 pages, 2955 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Dose Optimization Using a Deep Learning Tool in Various CT Protocols for Urolithiasis: A Physical Human Phantom Study

by Jae Hun Shim, Se Young Choi, In Ho Chang and Sung Bin Park

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1677; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091677 - 17 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1516

Abstract

Background and Objectives: We attempted to determine the optimal radiation dose to maintain image quality using a deep learning application in a physical human phantom. Materials and Methods: Three 5 × 5 × 5 mm³ uric acid stones were placed in a [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: We attempted to determine the optimal radiation dose to maintain image quality using a deep learning application in a physical human phantom. Materials and Methods: Three 5 × 5 × 5 mm³ uric acid stones were placed in a physical human phantom in various locations. Three tube voltages (120, 100, and 80 kV) and four current–time products (100, 70, 30, and 15 mAs) were implemented in 12 scans. Each scan was reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP), statistical iterative reconstruction (IR, iDose), and knowledge-based iterative model reconstruction (IMR). By applying deep learning to each image, we took 12 more scans. Objective image assessments were calculated using the standard deviation of the Hounsfield unit (HU). Subjective image assessments were performed by one radiologist and one urologist. Two radiologists assessed the subjective assessment and found the stone under the absence of information. We used this data to calculate the diagnostic accuracy. Results: Objective image noise was decreased after applying a deep learning tool in all images of FBP, iDose, and IMR. There was no statistical difference between iDose and deep learning-applied FBP images (10.1 ± 11.9, 9.5 ± 18.5 HU, p = 0.583, respectively). At a 100 kV–30 mAs setting, deep learning-applied FBP obtained a similar objective noise in approximately one third of the radiation doses compared to FBP. In radiation doses with settings lower than 100 kV–30 mAs, the subject image assessment (image quality, confidence level, and noise) showed deteriorated scores. Diagnostic accuracy was increased when the deep learning setting was lower than 100 kV–30 mAs, except for at 80 kV–15 mAs. Conclusions: At the setting of 100 kV–30 mAs or higher, deep learning-applied FBP did not differ in image quality compared to IR. At the setting of 100 kV–30 mAs, the radiation dose can decrease by about one third while maintaining objective noise. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Urology & Nephrology)

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15 pages, 7243 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Simultaneous Administration of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy and Antioxidant Supplementation with Filipendula ulmaria Extract in the Treatment of Thermal Skin Injuries Alters Nociceptive Signalling and Wound Healing

by Milos Krstic, Nemanja Jovicic, Dragica Selakovic, Bojana Krstic, Natalija Arsenijevic, Milica Vasiljevic, Pavle Milanovic, Jovana Milanovic, Dragan Milovanovic, Marko Simic, Jelena S. Katanic Stankovic and Gvozden Rosic

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1676; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091676 - 17 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1618

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Thermal skin injuries are a prevalent cause of skin damage, potentially leading to severe morbidity and significant mortality. In this study, we intended to estimate the effects of HBO (hyperbaric oxygen treatment) and antioxidant supplementation with Filipendula ulmaria extract, [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Thermal skin injuries are a prevalent cause of skin damage, potentially leading to severe morbidity and significant mortality. In this study, we intended to estimate the effects of HBO (hyperbaric oxygen treatment) and antioxidant supplementation with Filipendula ulmaria extract, individually and simultaneously, in the treatment of thermal skin injuries. Materials and Methods: As a thermal skin injury experimental model, we used two-month-old male Wistar albino rats. Thermal injuries were made with a solid aluminium bar at a constant temperature of 75 °C for 15 s. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment was performed in a specially constructed hyperbaric chamber for rats (HYB-C 300) for seven consecutive days (100% O₂ at 2.5 ATA for 60 min). Antioxidant supplementation was performed with oral administration of Filipendula ulmaria extract dissolved in tap water to reach a final concentration of 100 mg/kg b.w. for seven consecutive days. Results: Simultaneous administration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy and antioxidant supplementation with Filipendula ulmaria extract significantly ameliorated the macroscopic and histopathological characteristics of the wound area and healing. Also, this therapeutic approach decreased the local expression of genes for proinflammatory mediators and increased the expression of the μ-opioid receptor and the MT1 and MT2 receptors in the wound area and spinal cord, with a consequent increase in reaction times in behavioural testing. Conclusions: In conclusion, the presented results of our study allow evidence for the advantages of the simultaneous employment of HBO and antioxidant supplementation in the treatment of thermal skin injuries, with special reference to the attenuation of painful sensations accompanied by this type of trauma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Intensive Care/ Anesthesiology)

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10 pages, 942 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Overview of Robotic Colorectal Surgery Adoption and Training in Brazil

by Bruno Augusto Alves Martins, Oswaldo de Moraes Filho, Tiago Leal Ghezzi, Armando Geraldo Franchini Melani, Luis Gustavo Capochin Romagnolo, Hélio Moreira Júnior, João Pedro Pereira de Almeida, Sérgio Eduardo Alonso Araújo, João Batista de Sousa and Romulo Medeiros de Almeida

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1675; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091675 - 17 Sep 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2333

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Robotic surgical systems have rapidly become integrated into colorectal surgery practice in recent years, particularly for rectal resections, where the advantages of robotic platforms over conventional laparoscopy are more pronounced. However, as with any technological advancement, the initial high costs [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Robotic surgical systems have rapidly become integrated into colorectal surgery practice in recent years, particularly for rectal resections, where the advantages of robotic platforms over conventional laparoscopy are more pronounced. However, as with any technological advancement, the initial high costs can be a limiting factor, leading to unequal health service access, especially in middle- and lower-income countries. Materials and Method: A narrative review was conducted with the objective of providing an overview of the escalating adoption, current training programmes, and certification process of robotic colorectal surgery in Brazil. Results: Brazil has witnessed a rapid increase in robotic platforms in recent years. Currently, there are 106 robotic systems installed nationwide. However, approximately 60% of the medical facilities which adopted robotic platforms are in the Southeast region, which is both the most populous and economically prosperous in the country. The Brazilian Society of Coloproctology recently established clear rules for the training programme and certification of colorectal surgeons in robotic surgery. The key components of the training encompass theoretical content, virtual robotic simulation, observation, assistance, and supervised procedures in colorectal surgery. Although the training parameters are well established, no colorectal surgery residency programme in Brazil has yet integrated the teaching and training of robotic surgery into its curriculum. Thus far, the training process has been led by private institutions and the industry. Conclusion: Despite the fast spread of robotic platforms across Brazil, several challenges still need to be addressed to democratise training and promote the widespread use of these platforms. It is crucial to tackle these obstacles to achieve greater integration of robotic technology in colorectal surgery throughout the country. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Robotic Colorectal Oncological Surgery: New Insights and Perspectives)

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18 pages, 404 KiB

Open AccessReview

Therapies and Challenges in the Post-Stroke Aphasia Rehabilitation Arena: Current and Future Prospects

by Anastasios M. Georgiou and Maria Kambanaros

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1674; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091674 - 17 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 4511

Abstract

Aphasia is a serious consequence of stroke that results in a breakdown in communication. The course of aphasia recovery differs between afflicted individuals, and responsiveness to treatment cannot be predicted. Aphasiologists continue to investigate numerous behavioral treatment protocols that have shifted their focus [...] Read more.

Aphasia is a serious consequence of stroke that results in a breakdown in communication. The course of aphasia recovery differs between afflicted individuals, and responsiveness to treatment cannot be predicted. Aphasiologists continue to investigate numerous behavioral treatment protocols that have shifted their focus to complimentary rehabilitation strategies. The aim of this study is threefold. First, to summarize the different categories of aphasia interventions post-stroke, considering their respective protocols, and present available evidence on the effectiveness of those protocols. Second, to document the challenges regarding the prediction of aphasia treatment response post-stroke in individual patients. Third, to report the challenges faced by researchers in recruiting people with aphasia (PWA) for treatment studies, and provide recommendations on how to increase participant recruitment and retention. This study provides up-to-date information on (i) effective therapies and aphasia recovery processes, and (ii) research recruitment hurdles together with potential strategies for overcoming them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Neurology)

11 pages, 950 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Implicit Motor Learning Strategies Benefit Dual-Task Performance in Patients with Stroke

by Eito Arikawa, Masatomo Kubota, Tomoko Haraguchi, Masachika Takata and Shoji Natsugoe

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1673; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091673 - 16 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1977

Abstract

Background and Objectives: In stroke rehabilitation, the use of either implicit or explicit learning as a motor learning approach during dual tasks is common, but it is unclear which strategy is more beneficial. This study aims to determine the benefits of implicit [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: In stroke rehabilitation, the use of either implicit or explicit learning as a motor learning approach during dual tasks is common, but it is unclear which strategy is more beneficial. This study aims to determine the benefits of implicit versus explicit motor learning approaches in patients with stroke. Materials and Methods: Seventeen patients with stroke and 21 control participants were included. Motor learning was evaluated using the Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) in the context of dual-task conditions. The SRTT was conducted on two separate days: one day for implicit learning conditions and the other day for explicit learning conditions. Under the explicit learning conditions, a task rule was given to the participants before they started the task, but not under the implicit learning conditions. Learning scores were calculated for both implicit and explicit learning, and these scores were then compared within groups for patients with stroke and controls. We calculated the difference in learning scores between implicit and explicit learning and conducted a correlation analysis with the Trail Making Test (TMT) Parts A and B. Results: Learning scores on the SRTT were not different between implicit and explicit learning in controls but were significantly greater in patients with stroke for implicit learning than for explicit learning. The difference in learning scores between implicit and explicit learning in patients with stroke was correlated with TMT-A and showed a correlation trend with TMT-B. Conclusions: Implicit learning approaches may be effective in the acquisition of motor skills with dual-task demands in post-stroke patients with deficits in attention and working memory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Stroke Therapy: A Regenerative Prospective)

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11 pages, 819 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of COVID-19 Outbreak and Incidence on the Health-Related Behaviors and Depression of Gyeongnam Residents in Republic of Korea

by Young-Mi Seo and Ki-Soo Park

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1672; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091672 - 16 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1293

Abstract

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether the occurrence of COVID-19 brought about changes in the health behaviors and depression levels of residents in Gyeongnam in Republic of Korea, and whether the prevalence of COVID-19 was related to differences in [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: This study aimed to investigate whether the occurrence of COVID-19 brought about changes in the health behaviors and depression levels of residents in Gyeongnam in Republic of Korea, and whether the prevalence of COVID-19 was related to differences in health behaviors and depression levels among different regions. Materials and Methods: The researchers utilized raw data from the 2019–2020 Community Health Survey in Gyeongnam and conducted analyses using SPSS 25.0. The study included a total of 35,880 participants from 18 cities and counties in the Gyeongnam region (17,942 participants in 2019 and 17,938 participants in 2020). Results: The results of the comparative analysis between pre- and post-COVID-19 occurrence showed that, after the occurrence of COVID-19, the smoking cessation rate and monthly alcohol consumption rate among current smokers decreased, while the high-risk drinking rate increased. The rate of physical activity (walking) increased, but the prevalence of depression experiences and depressive symptoms also increased. Furthermore, the comparative analysis between areas with a higher number of COVID-19 cases and those with a lower number of cases revealed that areas with a higher number of cases had higher monthly alcohol consumption rates, as well as a higher prevalence of depression experiences and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Considering that the occurrence and severity of COVID-19 had significant impacts on the health behaviors and depression levels of residents in Gyeongnam, this highlights the need for active intervention and management by the national and local governments in response to the occurrence and management of infectious diseases, including COVID-19, to address the health status and health behaviors of the local population. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Public Mental Health Crisis during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic)

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10 pages, 1014 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Early Adolescent Fractures in the Republic of Korea

by HyunSeo Park, Hogyeong Kang, Siyeong Yoon, Simho Jeong and Soonchul Lee

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1671; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091671 - 15 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1371

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Restrictions on daily activities to slow down the propagation of COVID-19 have changed the epidemiological pattern of pediatric fractures in many countries. However, the effect of the pandemic on pediatric fractures has not been fully studied. In this study, we [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Restrictions on daily activities to slow down the propagation of COVID-19 have changed the epidemiological pattern of pediatric fractures in many countries. However, the effect of the pandemic on pediatric fractures has not been fully studied. In this study, we investigated the impact of COVID-19 on early adolescent fractures in Korea. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective follow-up on a nationwide cohort of Korean early adolescents born between 2006 and 2009. The prevalence and incidence of pediatric fractures and the frequency of surgical treatment were compared between two different eras. Results: The prevalence and incidence of fractures during the pandemic have both shown a significant decrease: prevalence reduced from 34,626 to 24,789 (p < 0.001), while incidence decreased from 29,804 to 18,898 (p < 0.001). Considering sex, the shift in fracture prevalence was statistically significant (p = 0.020), whereas the incidence was not (p = 0.862). The decline in both fracture prevalence and incidence exhibited significant variation across birth year groups (prevalence, p < 0.001; incidence, p < 0.001), with a more pronounced reduction observed in the older age groups. While the proportion of patients who required surgeries has increased, the mean frequency of surgical treatment per patient remained at a similar level (by prevalence, p = 0.181; by incidence, p = 0.735). The decline in both fracture prevalence and incidence has shown significant variation in relation to fracture sites (prevalence, p < 0.001; incidence, p < 0.001), with a decrease in distal limb fractures and an increase in forearm and axial body fractures. Conclusions: The pediatric fracture pattern in Korea has been notably influenced by the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting further investigation into causal factors. Our findings should help predict epidemiology in the post-pandemic period and thus aid policymaking and patient management. Full article

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10 pages, 611 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Efficiency of the Cerebroplacental Ratio in Identifying High-Risk Late-Term Pregnancies

by Raquel Martin-Alonso, Valeria Rolle, Ranjit Akolekar, Catalina de Paco Matallana, Irene Fernández-Buhigas, Maria Isabel Sánchez-Camps, Tara Giacchino, Miguel Rodríguez-Fernández, Jose Eliseo Blanco-Carnero, Belén Santacruz and María M. Gil

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1670; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091670 - 15 Sep 2023

Viewed by 1520

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Over the last few years, great interest has arisen in the role of the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) to identify low-risk pregnancies at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to assess the predictive capacity of the CPR for [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Over the last few years, great interest has arisen in the role of the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) to identify low-risk pregnancies at higher risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to assess the predictive capacity of the CPR for adverse perinatal outcomes in all uncomplicated singleton pregnancies attending an appointment at 40–42 weeks. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study including all consecutive singleton pregnancies undergoing a routine prenatal care appointment after 40 weeks in three maternity units in Spain and the United Kingdom from January 2017 to December 2019. The primary outcome was adverse perinatal outcomes defined as stillbirth or neonatal death, cesarean section or instrumental delivery due to fetal distress during labor, umbilical arterial cord blood pH < 7.0, umbilical venous cord blood pH < 7.1, Apgar score at 5 min < 7, and admission to the neonatal unit. Logistic mixed models and ROC curve analyses were used to analyze the data. Results: A total of 3143 pregnancies were analyzed, including 537 (17.1%) with an adverse perinatal outcome. Maternal age (odds ratio (OR) 1.03, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.01 to 1.04), body mass index (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.06), racial origin (OR 2.80, 95% CI 1.90 to 4.12), parity (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.29 to 0.45), and labor induction (OR 1.79, 95% CI 1.36 to 2.35) were significant predictors of adverse perinatal outcomes with an area under the ROC curve of 0.743 (95% CI 0.720 to 0.766). The addition of the CPR to the previous model did not improve performance. Additionally, the CPR alone achieved a detection rate of only 11.9% (95% CI 9.3 to 15) when using the 10th centile as the screen-positive cutoff. Conclusions: Our data on late-term unselected pregnancies suggest that the CPR is a poor predictor of adverse perinatal outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in High and Low Risk Pregnancies)

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13 pages, 797 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Virtual Reality Therapy on Quality of Life and Self-Sufficiency in Post-Stroke Patients

by Marcela Dąbrowská, Dalibor Pastucha, Miroslav Janura, Hana Tomášková, Lucie Honzíková, Šárka Baníková, Michal Filip and Iva Fiedorová

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1669; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091669 - 15 Sep 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2970

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The consequences of stroke have a significant impact on self-sufficiency and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation has the potential to impact these modalities, but information on timing, volume, and intensity is not yet available. The [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: The consequences of stroke have a significant impact on self-sufficiency and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Virtual reality (VR)-based rehabilitation has the potential to impact these modalities, but information on timing, volume, and intensity is not yet available. The aim of this randomized controlled trial (1:1) was to evaluate the impact of conventional rehabilitation combined with VR on self-care and domains of HRQoL in patients ≤6 months post-stroke. Materials and Methods: The intervention group completed a total of 270 min of conventional VR + rehabilitation sessions. The control group underwent conventional rehabilitation only. Primary assessments with the WHO disability assessment schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2) questionnaire were conducted before rehabilitation (T0), after completion of the intervention (T1), and at the 4-week follow-up (T2); secondary outcomes included self-sufficiency and balance assessments. Results: Fifty patients completed the study (mean age 61.2 ± 9.0 years, time since stroke 114.3 ± 39.4 days). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in WHODAS 2, self-sufficiency, and balance scores (p > 0.05). Conclusions: In the experimental group, there was a statistically significant difference in WHODAS 2, assessment of self-sufficiency, and balance scores before and after therapy (p < 0.05). VR appears to be a suitable tool to supplement and modify rehabilitation in patients after stroke. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Stroke Therapy: A Regenerative Prospective)

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2 pages, 251 KiB

Open AccessComment

Comment on Muth et al. Assessing Critical Flicker Fusion Frequency: Which Confounders? A Narrative Review. Medicina 2023, 59, 800

by Natalia D. Mankowska, Rita I. Sharma, Malgorzata Grzywinska, Anna B. Marcinkowska, Jacek Kot and Pawel J. Winklewski

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1668; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091668 - 15 Sep 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 884

Abstract

We first want to thank the authors of the excellent review for their contributions to summarizing the confounders associated with critical flicker fusion frequency (CFFF) [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Ophthalmology)

8 pages, 313 KiB

Open AccessBrief Report

Association of Parental Support with Reduced Stereotypy in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Renandro de Carvalho Reis, Isadora Noanda Barbosa Souza, Maria Carolina Rodrigues Dias, Cíntia Maria de Melo Mendes and Kelson James Almeida

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1667; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091667 - 15 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1345

Abstract

Background and Objectives: To analyze the influence of parental presence and use of risperidone on social interaction and apathy among patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in a reference center for patients with ASD in a [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: To analyze the influence of parental presence and use of risperidone on social interaction and apathy among patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study in a reference center for patients with ASD in a city in northeastern Brazil. The research was carried out using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Dimensional Apathy Scale, and the Social Communication Questionnaire (SCQ) with the domains of social interaction, language, stereotypy, and communication. The referred questionnaire was answered by the parents or guardians of the children with ASD according to the DSM V criteria. Data were analyzed via independent t-test using the SPSS software version 20. Results: Interviews were conducted with 51 parents/guardians of autistic children with a mean age of 8.8 years (±2.95) and a predominance of males, 34 (66.7%). Of this total, 49 (96.1%) of the children attended school; 40 (78.4%) children were on medication, of which 38 (74.5%) were on risperidone. Those children on risperidone had a higher score on the SCQ scale (p = 0.049) and on the domain of stereotyped behaviors (p = 0.033), which indicated greater impairment. Another statistically relevant variable was the presence of married parents, whereby children who did not have the presence of married parents had a higher average of stereotyped behaviors compared to those who had married parents. Conclusions: The results showed differences in the means of social interactions for children on risperidone, especially regarding stereotyped behaviors. However, it is not possible to state whether this difference was due to the use of risperidone or whether they used risperidone precisely because of these behaviors. Also important was that children who had the presence of married parents showed fewer stereotyped behaviors. There was no difference in apathetic behavior between children. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atypical Autism: Causes, Diagnosis, and Support)

12 pages, 1224 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Novel Score to Predict One-Year Mortality after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Naples Prognostic Score

by Zehra Güven Çetin, Ahmet Balun, Hülya Çiçekçioğlu, Bekir Demirtaş, Murat Mehmet Yiğitbaşı, Kerem Özbek and Mustafa Çetin

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1666; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091666 - 15 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1368

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Aortic stenosis (AS) is a widespread valvular disease in developed countries, primarily among the elderly. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become a viable alternative to aortic valve surgery for patients with severe AS who are deemed a high [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Aortic stenosis (AS) is a widespread valvular disease in developed countries, primarily among the elderly. Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become a viable alternative to aortic valve surgery for patients with severe AS who are deemed a high surgical risk or for whom the AS is found to be inoperable. Predicting outcomes after TAVR is essential. The Naples Prognostic Score (NPS) is a new scoring method that evaluates nutritional status and inflammation. Our study is aims to examine the relationship between the NPS and outcomes for patients receiving TAVR. Material and Methods: We conducted a retrospective study of 370 patients who underwent TAVR across three tertiary medical centres from March 2019 to March 2023. The patients were divided into two groups based on their NPS, namely, low (0, 1, and 2) and high (3 and 4). Our study is primarily aimed to determine the one-year mortality rate. Results: Within one year, the mortality rate for the entire group was 8.6%. Nonetheless, the low-NPS group had a rate of 5.0%, whereas the high-NPS group had a rate of 13%. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant, with a p-value of 0.06. Conclusions: Our results show that NPS is an independent predictor of one-year mortality in patients undergoing TAVR. Full article

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11 pages, 808 KiB

Open AccessArticle

by Junli Wang, Rima Solianik, Nerijus Eimantas, Neringa Baranauskiene and Marius Brazaitis

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1665; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091665 - 14 Sep 2023

Viewed by 2213

Abstract

Background and Objectives: To date, understanding age-related changes in cognitive processes during heat exposure still needs to be better-understood. Thus, the main aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of whole-body hyperthermia (WBH), i.e., a ≈ 2.5 °C increase [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: To date, understanding age-related changes in cognitive processes during heat exposure still needs to be better-understood. Thus, the main aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of whole-body hyperthermia (WBH), i.e., a ≈ 2.5 °C increase in rectal temperature (Tre) from overnight-fast baseline value, on cognitive functioning in old and young men and to explore factors, such as stress and thermophysiological strain, that could influence such changes. Materials and Methods: Ten young (19–21 years of age) and nine old (61–80 years of age) healthy men underwent an experimental trial with passive lower-body heating in hot water immersion (HWI) at 43 °C (HWI–43 °C) until Tre reached 39 °C in old adults and 39.5 °C in young adults. Cognitive performance and cortisol concentration were assessed before and after HWI, and the physiological strain index (PSI) was assessed during HWI–43 °C. Results: PSI was lower and cortisol concentration was greater after HWI–43 °C in the old group compared with the young group (p < 0.05). Surprisingly, hyperthermia improved cognitive flexibility only in old adults, whereas short-term and visual recognition memories were maintained in both age groups. Conclusions: A ≈ 2.5 °C increase in rectal temperature can improve executive function in old adults, and this increase parallels the increased cortisol concentration and the lower thermophysiological strain under severe WBH conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Geriatrics/Aging)

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13 pages, 5188 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Research Trends of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Orthopedic Medical Practices: A Bibliometric and Visualized Study

by Hongfu Jin, Miao He, Wenqing Xie, Zixuan Xiong, Zhenhan Deng and Yusheng Li

Medicina 2023, 59(9), 1664; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina59091664 - 14 Sep 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1968

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), also known as self-report measures, are critical tools for evaluating health outcomes by gathering information directly from patients without external interpretation. There has been a growing trend in the number of publications focusing on PROMs [...] Read more.

Background and Objectives: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs), also known as self-report measures, are critical tools for evaluating health outcomes by gathering information directly from patients without external interpretation. There has been a growing trend in the number of publications focusing on PROMs in orthopedic-related research. This study aims to identify the most valuable publications, influential journals, leading researchers, and core countries in this field using bibliometric analysis, providing researchers with an understanding of the current state and future trends of PROMs in orthopedic research. Materials and Methods: All PROMs in orthopedic-related publications from 1991 to 2022 were obtained from the WoSCC database. R software (version 4.2.2), VOSviewer (version 1.6.17), and Microsoft Excel (version 2303) were used for the bibliometric and visual analysis. Results: A total of 2273 publication records were found from 1991 to 2022. The results indicated that the United States (US) has made significant contributions to orthopedic-related PROMs. The majority of active research institutions are located in the US. J ORTHOP RES has published the most articles. J BONE JOINT SURG AM has the highest total citations. Conclusions: Our study provides a valuable reference for further exploration of the application of PROMs in orthopedics. PROMs have emerged as an increasingly popular area of research within the field of orthopedics, both in clinical practice and academic research. We conducted a bibliometric analysis in terms of journals, authors, countries, and institutions in this field. Additionally, we analyzed the potentialities and advantages of using PROMs in orthopedic research. There is an increasing trend towards using network-based or short message service (SMS)-based electronic patient-reported outcome measures (ePROMs) in orthopedic medical practices. It is anticipated that the role of PROMs in psychological and mental health research and telemedicine will continue to grow in importance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Public Health and Healthcare in the Context of Big Data)

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Medicina, Volume 59, Issue 9 (September 2023) – 190 articles

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